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Contents
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Introduction XIGA dead-end Ultrafiltration XIGA process modes XIGA main parameters Large scale water treatment: examples Summary
1. Introduction
Micro Filtration
10 um 100 nm giarda crypto bacteria
Ultra Filtration
100 - 10 nm colloids viruses
Nano Filtration
10 - 1 nm colour hardness pesticides
Reverse Osmosis
< 1 nm salts
salts water
water
1. Introduction
X-Flow UF concepts: Concept
TSS (mg/l) XIGA CAPFILL 0.8 mm <50 AquaFlex AquaFlex CAPFILL 0.8 mm <100 AquaFlex AquaFlex CAPFILL 1.5 mm <200 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- AirLift AirLift (MBR) COMPACT 5.2 mm <15,000 CrossFlow COMPACT 8.0 mm <40,000
Membranes used
1. Introduction
X-Flow UF concepts: when to use what?
CrossFlow 8mm
UF Concept
AquaFlex 1.5mm
AquaFlex 0.8mm
XIGA 0.8mm
~50
~100
~200
~1,000
~15,000
~40,000
Cross-flow
feed water
Characteristics:
Process set-up Energy consumption Investment Operation Risk of fouling Sensitivity to feed water fluctuations
permeate
permeate
10 12 14 16 20 24 28 32
40 48 56 64 80 96 112 128
202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 404 405 406 407 408 409 410
4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 16 20 24 28 32 36 40
640 960 1280 1600 1920 2240 2560 2880 3200 2560 3200 3840 4480 5120 5760 6400
38 58 77 96 115 134 154 173 192 154 192 230 269 307 346 384
80 120 160 200 240 280 320 360 400 320 400 480 560 640 720 800
Membrane element
Permeate
Membrane housing
Feed
feed
concentrate
Filtration
50
Filtration
Filtration
Filtration CEB
BW
0
BW
BW
-50
flux
-100
-150
-200
-250
time
TMP
time
Permeate 80-95%
Permeate
95-99,5%
Sec. UF
2conc.
2perm.
Concentrate
0,5-5% Typical: Recovery 9599,5%
- impact water viscosity & membrane effect on TMP - reference temperature, mostly 20C = 1
or (lmh/bar)
min sec
Duration of 1 backwash
Typical: 40 sec
hrs %
UF
Potable water production
RO
Potable water Inverness (1400 m3/h) Surface water Minneapolis (11.600 m3/h) Klazienaveen, The Netherlands Irrigation Water (300 m3/h)
PWN Heemskerk, The Netherlands 2900 m3/h Keldgate, United Kingdom 3700 m3/h Clay Lane, United Kingdom (6700 m3/h)
Windhoek, Namibi (850 m3/h) Melbourne, Sulaibiya, Kuwait Australie (15600 (1250 m3/h) m3/h)
6. Summary
Dead-end XIGATM Ultrafiltration:
Superb filtrate quality; complete removal of SS & micro-organisms partial removal of TOC, COD & BOD Compact design with small footprint, easy module loading and replacement Fully automated operation, easy operation Large number of applications