IS : 3837

- 1976

( Reaffirmed 1996 )

Indian Standard
SPECIFICATION FOR ACCESSORIES FOR RIGID STEEL CONDUITS FOR ELECTR1CA.L WIRING (

First Revision )
FEBRUARY 1997

Fifth Reprint

UDC 621.315.674

0 Copyright 1976
BUREAU
MANAK

OF

INDIAN

STANDARDS

BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002

Gr 4

June 1976

IS:

3837 - 1976

Indian Standard
SPECIFICATION FOR ACCESSORIES FOR RIGID STEEL CONDUITS FOR ELECTRICAL WIRING (
Electrical
Chairman
SHRI K. PI. R.~AIASWAXY

First Revision j
Sectiona 1 Committee,
Rcprrsenf ing Dire;ctz;ehyl of Technical

Wiring

Accessories

ETDC

44

Development,

Members SEERIS. N. BAXWET ( Altematr to Shri I;. N. Ramaswamy ) Caiico Chemicals Plastics and Fibres Division, DR B. R. C. r4LrAND Bombay Stfm S. ~IITRA ( A!frmule ) Buildings and Communications Department, GovcmSHIiI\F.G. &PAT ment of ,Maharashtra, Bombay SHRI B. L. DESHP.~SDE ( Altcmde j Railway Board, 3iinistry of Railways CUIEP kkECTKIC.<L E~SIHEEH DEPCTV CHIEF ELECTRICAL ES(iINEXl<( G ) ( Alternafr ) Conduit Pipe Manufacturers Association, Calcutta Snw R. N. DATTA SHRI K. P. MITRA DEPUTY DIRECTOR ( .iltcrndc ) Headquarters, N A v A L Naval DESIGX ( ELECTRICAL ) Delhi Bajaj S&r k. K.
SEN (

Ministry

of

Defence,

New

JUNIOR DESIGN OFFICER SHRr $ y;;z;.*L ) ( Altemntc )

Electricals

Limited,

Bombay of Eastern India,

Alremarc ) Elect&;~~rttractors
)

!&RI A. N. Dwrr SHRI P. K. BASV ( Affemde SHRt K. L. G.4R@

Association

Dire~l~rte

General

of

Supplies

&

Disposals,

New

SERI ROMAN LAL ( Aftemalc ) Development SHRI A. N. Gaosa

SWI B. N. JAIN SEBX A. H. SRIKANTA AIYAB (

Commissioti, Small Scale Industries, New Delhi All _ India Plastics Manufacturers Association, .
Bombay

&mate ) ( Continued an pop 2 ) @ Cbpyright 1976

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS This publication is protected under the Indian Copyright Act ( XIV of 1957 ) and reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of the publisher shall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the said Act.

X6:3637-1976
( Contimud/rorn page 1 )

Members SRXI M. L. KSL~NNA Ram Kay Engineering Co -Pvt Ltd, Kapurthab S~EI S. K. Knos~a Khosla Plastics Pvt Ltd. Pune SRBI M. M. Kaor. ( Al&mate ) Tariff Advisory CMlm;ttw, Bombay SHRI S. V. MARF~TU Snnr S. N. BANDYOPADHYAY ( Alter&e ) Electrical Contractors Association of Maharashtra, SRRI B. C. MOHAIVIY Bombay SmuR. M. H. CRAWLA ( Alternate ) Director of Industries & Commerce, Madras Smtr E. N. Naut~~nlraewm Bombay Electric Supply 8s Transport Undertaking, Soar B. M. SAU Bombay Snnx V. T. WAMXO ( Altcmat~ ) Engineer-in-Chiefs Bmnch, Army Headquarters Sam S. K. Snakut ( Ministry of Dcfeagt ), New Delhi SHRI K. S. HAXS ( Altmutr ) National Test House, Calcutta SBRI K. K. Snll~xr Central Public Works Department, New Delhi SIX-ZRIENTEXDIXGENGINEEB SHRI A. L. GIJPTA ( Alternote ) SBRI S. SRIXIVASAN, Director ( Elcc tech ) Director General, ISJ ( Er-&cio M&r ) Secretqy Smn A. K. Gocra :\ssistant Director ( Biec tech ), ISI

Panel for Steel Conduits and Their

CO?WCflW @RI T. P. Bnsu Mcmbns

Accessories,

ETDC

44 : P2

Central Public Works Departmgnt,

New D&i

SRRI A. L. GTPTA ( Alternate to Shri T. P. Basu ) Shri R. N. Datta & Co, Calcutta *j SRBI R. N. DA-A SHRI M. M. Do( Al&mate ) Northern India Conduit Manufacturers Association, Smu SATISH C. KAPUB New Delhi - .SHRI M. B. Gong ( Altern& ) Smu B. C. MOEBlcctrical Contractors* Associatii of Maharashtra, Bombay Snnr R. M. H. CH~WLA ( Alternate)) Conduit Pipe Manufacturcn* Association, Calcutta SHRI SUBIR K. SEN SERI 0. P. %iIIWLA Indian Conduit Indudries, Panipat

IS:3837

- 1976

Indian Standard
SPECIFICATION FOR ACCESSORIES FOR RIGID STEEL CONDUITS FOR ELECTRICAL WIRING

( First Revisiqn )
0. FOREWORD
0.1 This Indian Standard ( First Revision > was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution on 23 February 1976, after the draft finalized by the Electrical Wiring Accessories Sectional Committee had been approved by the Electrotechnical Division Council. 0.2 This standard applies to accessories , mainly used to fix the conduit and the fittings in position, and that standard shall be read in co.njunction with IS : 1653-1972* and IS : 2667-1964f. 0.3 The specification published in 1966. follows: for The accessories important for rigid steel features of this conduit was first revision are as

a) To ensure international compatibility, ( except 63 mm ) for accessories have with the international practice; b) New sampling plan has been added; has been for bushes. retained c) Only mild steel accessories except

the nominal diameters been rationalized in line and for the material of the

0.4 While preparing this standard, assistance has been derived from BS 4568 : Part II : 1970 Steel conduits and fittings with metric threads of IS0 forms for electrical installations, Part II Fittings and components issued by the British Standards Institution. 0.5 For the purpose of deciding whether standard is complied with, the final expressing the result of a test, shall be IS : 2-1960:. The number of significant off value should be the same as that standard. a particular requirement of this value, observed or calculated, rounded off in accordance witb places retained in the rounded of the specified value in this

*Specification for rigid steel conduits for electrical wiring ( kcond rcui.rion ). +Specification For fittings for rigid steel conduits for electrical wiring. (Since revised). ZRulcs for rounding off numerical values ( revised). 3

IS:3897-1976 1.. SCOPE 1.1 This standard spec i&s the material, dimensions and other requirements of accessories ( other than fittings: see IS : X67-1964* ) used with rigid steel conduits for electrical wiring purposes conforming to IS : 1653-19727. 2. TERMINOLOGY 2.0 For the purpose of this standard, the following definitions in additiori to those specified in IS : 1653-1972t shall apply. 2.1 Accca~oriea -Parts in fixing steel conduits. other than fittings ( SPCIS : 2667-1964* ) used

Clips, saddles, pipe hooks, spacing plates, bush and lock nuts supporting KOTE and fixing the conduits are typical examples of accessories.

2.1.1 Spacing Plate - An accessory used to prevent the conduit from making intimate contact with damp plaster, cement walls and ceilings or gas and water pipes and to keep the conduit straight where it leaves the fitting. NOTE - These spacing plates are used to prevent the conduit from making intimate contact with damp plaster, cement wa!ls and ceilings or gas and water piprs.

2.1.2 Entry Bush - An accessory used to prevent abrasion conduit ends and where the conductors pass through.

where the

2.1.3 Lock Nut - An accessory used along with coupler for connecting two lengths of conduit, neither of v/hi& may he turned. 2.1.4 Plug fittings. An accessory used for closing unused threaded outlets of

3. CONSTRUCTION 3.0 General - The details of screw threads for screwed accessories shall be as specified in 4.2 of IS : 1653-1972t or 6 of IS : 2667-1964* as applicable. 3.1 The saddle shall be ribbed for reinforcement at the crown and shall be of such a structure as to be attached firmly on the surface of building structure ( wooden ) with two wood screws,. one on each side. 3.2 Sppciog Plates - The plates used for spacing the saddle or clips from wall shall be of such a thickness as to keep the conduit straight where it leaves the fittings. For example, this shall be equal to dimensions C minus half the nominal size of the conduit for the boxes (see Fig. 7 of 1S : 2667-1964* ).
Specification tSpecihcatioti for fittings for rigid steel conduits for rlectrical wirir.g. (Sicc~ r&+ed 1. for rigid steel conduita for electrical wiring ( sccoad revision ).

Is:393701976
3.3 Plug The ,plug may be recessed to the thickness of the wall being not less than 3 mm.

of the head, the as specified in

thickness

33.1 The details of the screw threads The plug shall be externally IS : 1653-1972*. 3.4 Lock Nuts

shall be threaded.

lock nuts the 3.4.1 l-hxagonal Lock Nuts - In the case of hexagonal width across flats (see IS : 2027-19677 ) shall be in accordance with Table 6. 3.4.2 Rmmd Lock Nuls be miHed or castellated. knurling on it. In the case of round lock nuts the edge shall The outer dia of this shall have straight rough

3.4.2.1 The dimensions of circular lock nuts may be given by the formula, namely, size of the conduit plus 6 mm, shall be the outer dla of the nut and the thickness same as for hexagonal nut. 3.5 Entry Bush rounded in order shall be formed right through to 3.5.1 Round The inside edges of entry bushes shall be smoothly Entries for the bushes to prevent abrasion of cables. so as to prevent [he conduit being screwed or pushed the interior of the bush. straight knurling on diameter. processed by
-

bushes shall have rough bushing shall have

3.53 The reaming.:,

the ends CORROSION

of the threads

4. PROTECTION

AGAINST

4.t Accessories shall be adequately protected against rust and corrosion both eutside and inside, excluding machinessurfaces and screw threads. Each accessory shall be supp!ied with medium or heavy protective coating which shall be smooth,. continuous, tough and firmly adherent &nd free from rough and bare places and cracks.
4.1.X Examples

of medium protection a) stove enamelting, b) air drying paint, and c) +ctrolytic deposits.

are:

4.1.2 Examples of heavy protection are: a) hot-dip galvanized coating, and b) sherardizing.
Specification tSpecification for rigid for width

stwl cond:lits
across

for electrical wiring ( second revision ). flats for spanners ( jrsf revision ).

X3:3337-3976 (;2 The enamel, if the fittings are enamelled shall be smooth, countinuous, tough and firmly adherent, free from rough and missed places and cracks. The screw threads shall be free from enamel and shall have a rust protective coating. 4.3 The galvanized coating, if the fittings are galvanized, shall adhere firmly to the surfaces of the fittings and shall be smooth and uniform throughout. 4.4 Sherardized fittings, unless otherwise specified, shall have the threads also protected by the sherardizing process. 5. DIMENSIONS 5.1 The dimensions of the accessories shall comply with the appropriate tables as specified below: Ordinary clips Single saddles Multiple saddles Pipe hooks and crampets Plugs Lock nuts Externally screwed hexagonal bushes Internally screwed circular bushes 6. TOLERANCE 6.1 All dimensions except those for which tolerances are specifically stated herein or which are definitely stated as being maximum or minimum are to be recorded as nominal dimensions and subject to a tolerance of f 5 percent. 7. MARKING 7.1 Each conduit accessory shall be clearly marked with the following: a) Manufacturers name or trade-mark, if any; and b) Country of manufacture. Table 1 Table 2 Table 3 Table 4 Table 5 Table 6 Table 7 Table 8

ISt3837-1976

TABLE 1 DXMENSIONS FOR ORDINARY ( chsc 5.1 )

AIJ dimcnsibru in millimetres.

CLIP!i

_~fatcriaJ -

Mild steel

FLUTED

Sl2.E CONDVIT

OF

A ( &fin )

B ( Min )

D
( Min )

E (5) 4 4 5 5 5 5 5

c
(7) 18 20 22 26 30 35 42

( Min 1
(6) 15 20 20 25 25 25 25

(1)

0) 35 46 45 55 65 75 90

(3) 16 20

(4) @71 0.9 o-9 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25

16 20 25 32 40 50 63 NOTE -

25
32 40 50 63

The number of flutes is optional.

TAB35

DIMENSIONS

F,OR SINGLE

SADDLES

( amIsc 5.1 )

All dimensions
Matnial -

in miIlimetrcs. Mild steel

SIZE or
CONDTJIT

( Min ) (2) 50 60 65 80 85 95 110

A& )
(3) 16 20 25 32 40 50 63 (4) o-71 o-9 o-9 1.25 l-25 1.25 i-25

F
( Min )

( Min )

0)
16 20 25 32 40 50 63 NOTE -

(5) 4 4 5 5 5 5 5

(6) 15 20 20 25 25 25 25

(7) 36 40 45 52 60 79 a3

The number of flutes is optional.

IS:3637-1976
TABLE 3 DIMENSIONS FOR MULTKPLB SAD?LES

( c101lsc 5.1 ) All dimensions in millimetres. Muterid Mild steel

k?E

o+

COh-LWIT

A* ( Min )

B ( Min ) (3) 16 20 25 32 40 50 63

c
( Min ) (4) 16 19

( Mill )
(5) 0.71 O-9 O-9 1-25 1.25 l-25 l-25

Fi

c
( Min )

(1)
16 20 25 32 40 50 63

(2)

(s)
4 4 4 5 5 5 5

(7)
15 20 20 25 25 25 25

(8)
10 10 10 10 10 10 10

19 22 22 22 22

*Size of conduit x No. of conduits plus 1 mm. *Width of saddle.

IS t 3857- 1976
TABLE 4

DIMENSIOHS

FOR PIyE HOOKS ( c1au.w 5.1 )

AND CRAMPETS

All dimensions in millimetrcs. Material Mild steel forgings

SIZE

OF

CoNDCfT

A ( Min )

B !3) II 16 19 23 23 28 35

c
(4) 45 55 .6O 70 80 90 100

D ( Min j (5) 6.5 6.5 6.5 5.5 6.5 6-5 6-5

E ( Min )

F ( Min )

( 1%1 )

( &a )

(1)
16 20 25 32 40 50 63

(2)
16 20 25 32 40 50 63

(6) 3.0 3.0 4.0 4.0 5.0 5-o 5.0

(7) 65 6.5 8.0 8-O 95 9.5 9.5

(8) 3.0 3-o 50 50 5.0 5.0 6.5

(9) l-5 1.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 3.0

t0

ISr3637-1976
TABLE 5
DIMENSIONS

FOR PLUGS

( clause 5.1 )
All dimensions in millimetres.

SIZE
COXDUIT

OF

A ( Afox )

B ( Mill )

niin
(4) 3.2 3.2 3.2 4.0 5.6 6-4 6.0

D
) ( Nminaf

(1)
16 20 25 32 40 50 63

(2)
17 22 27 36 41 50, 63

(3) 8.0 8.0 95 11.0 11-o 12.5 14.0

(5) 16 20 25 32 40 50 63

Is:3037-1976
TABLE 6 DIMENSIONS FOR LOCK NUTS

( Clause 5.1 ) All dimensions in millimetres. Maferial Mild steel

_-

__ . fi

-u- l-i
A

0
C 12

t +c)WlDTW Acnovs FLAT (k ) (3) 22 27 36 41 50 65 80

?ilZp: OF CONDVIT

THICKNESS A (Min)

(1) 16 20 25 32 40 Xl 63

(2) 4.8 6.4 6.4 6.4 7.9 9.5 95

TAGLE

DIMENSIONS FOR EXTERNALLY HEXAGONAL RUSHES (ClauCk5.1 1 All dimensions in millimet~.

Material -

G-WED

Moulded insulating

WIDTH

THICKNESE

LENGTH
OVEBALL

ACROSS FLATB

Born E

HZXM c (3) 4.8 4.8 4-8 5.6 5-6 6.4

D(Min) (4) 19 20 24 26 28 32 (5) 10-O 13.5 19-O 26.2 31-o 44-4

(1)
16 20 25 32 40 so

(2) 17 22 30 36 41 55

13

X6:3697-

1976

TABLE

DKMENSION3

FOR

CXRtXJhAR

INTERNALLY BUSHES

SCREWED

( Churl? 5.1 ) Ail dimensions in millimetra. insulatjnq

Material -

Moulded

SIZE OF BUSH A (1) 16 20 25 32 40 50

EXTERNAL DIAXETER B (2) 20 24 29 36 44 56

LENQTHOF THREAD C (3) 4.8 4.8 5.6 5.6 7.9 8.7

BORE D

DEPTIi OVERALL E (5) 7.9 7.9 8.? 8.7 11.1 11.5

(4) 11.1 14.3 19.0 26.2 31.8 44.4

14

7.2

BIS Certification

Marking

The product may also be nlarked with Standard Mark. 7.2.1 The use of the Standard Mark is goverued by the provisions of Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 aud the Rules and Regulations made thereunder. The details of conditions under which the liceace for the use of Standard Mark may be granted to manufacturers or producers may be obtained from the Bureau of Indian Standards.

a.

TESTS

8.0 General temperature

-The unless

tests shall be made at the prevailing specified otherwise in the relevant clauses.

ambient

8.1 Samples and Criteria for Approval -The to be selected for tests specified in 8.2 to 8.4 and shall be in accordance with Appendix A.

number of samples criteria for approval

8.2 Visual Examination - Each conduit accessory shall be examined visually for conformity with the requirements specified in 3. 8.3 Dimensional Check -Samples selected shall be iested for conectness of specified dimensions such as diameter and thickness. In addition, the accessories shall be tested for accuracy of screw threads by mans of suitable gauges. 8.4 Test for Protective Coating - Samples selected shall be tested for protective coatings in accordance with 9.5.1 and 9.5.2 of IS : 1653-1972*. If the area available for this is less than 1 cm9 this test shall be car&l out on whatever maximum area is available.

APPENDIX (Clause 8.1 )

SAMPLING
A-l. LOT

A
RIGID STEEL WIRING

OF ACCESSORIES
FOR

CONDUITS

FOR ELECTRICAL

A-l.1 In any consignment, all the conduit accessories of the satpe type and size manufactured by the same factory and during the same period

*Specification for rigid rtccl conduits for electrical wiring ( ssmnd r&ion 15

).

IS: 3837.1976 shall be grouped together to constitute a lot. Each lot shall, however, consist of maximum of 1000 of conduit fittings. A-l.2 From each lot a certain number of conduits accessories as specified in Table 9 shall be selected at random and subjected to acceptance tests. For this purpose IS : 49051968* shall be used.
TABLE 9

SAMPLING SCHEME
( Nl+ K ) c, G

SECOXD

STAGE x (3; 3 8 13 20

(1 upto loo

(2)

(4) 6 16 26 40

(5) 0 0 0 1

(6) 2 2 4 5

3 8 13 20

101 ,, 30i ,,

300 500

501 ,, 1 000

A-2. NUMBER

OF TESTS

AND CRITERIA

FOR

CONFORMITY

A-2.1 In Table 9 .hrr is the size of the first stage sample. These samples shall be selected at random. A sample shall be declared defective if rt fails in one or more of the acceptance tests. If the number ofdefectives found in this sample is less than or equal to Cr, the lot shall be considered as conforming to this standard and accepted. If the number of defectives is greater than or equal to CZ, the lot shall be rejected. If the number of defectives is between Cr and CZ, further sample of Jv2size shall be selected at random and subjected to acceptance tests. A-2.1.1 If the number of defectives in the two samples combined less than Ca, the lot shall be accepted, otherwise rejected. is

*Methods for random sampling.

16

BUREAU

OF INDIAN STANDARDS

Headquarters: Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, NEW DELHI 110002 Telephones: 323 0131, 323 3375, 323 9402 Fax : 91 113234062, 91 113239399, 91 113239382 Telegrams : Manaksanstha (Common to all Offices) Central Laboratory: Plot No. 20/9. Site IV, Sahibabad Regional Otfices: Central : Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, NEW DELHI *Eastern Northern Southern 110002 323 76 17 337 86 62 60 38 43 235 23 15 832 92 95 Industrial Area, SAHIBABAD 201010 Telephone 8-77 00 32

: l/l4
: SC0

CIT Scheme VII M, V.I.P. Road, Maniktola. CALCUTTA700054 335336, Sector 34-A, CHANDfGARH 160022

: C.I.T. Campus, IV Cross Road, CHENNAI 600113 tWestern : Manakalaya. E9 Behind Mar01 Telephone Exchange, Andheri (East),
MUMBAI 400093 Branch Offices: Pushpak, Nurmohamed Shaikh Marg, Khanpur, AHMEDABAD Road, 380001

550 13 48 839 49 55 55 40 21 40 36 27 21 01 41 8-28 88 01 8-71 19 96 37 5411

*Peenya industrial Area, 1st Stage, Bangalore-Tumkur BANGALORE 560058 Gangotri Complex, 5th Floor, Bhadbhada Kalaikathir

Road, T. T Nagar, BHOPAL 462003 751001 641037 121001

Plot No. 62-63, Unit VI. Ganga Nagar. BHUBANESHWAR Buildings, 670 Avinashi Road, COIMBATORE Road, FARIDABAD 201001 116 G. T Road, GHAZIABAD Plot No. 43, Sector 16 A, Mathura Savitri Complex, 5-8-58C.

5315 Ward No. 29, R. G. Barua Road, 5th By-lane, L. N. Gupta Marg, Nampally Marg, C-Scheme, Nagar, KANPUR E-52, Chitaranjan JAIPUR 302001 208005

GUWAHATI 781003 500001

Station Road, HYDERABAD

20 10 83 37 29 25 21 68 76 23 89 23 26 23 05 6 21 17

117/418 B, Sarvodaya

Seth Bhawan, 2nd Floor, Behind Leela Cinema, Naval Kishore Road, LUCKNOW 226001 Patliputra Industrial Estate, PATNA 800013 P. 0. Palayam, 695034 Market, NAGPUR 44GOlO

T. C. No. 14/1421, University THIRUVANANTHAPURAM

NIT Building, Second Floor, Gokulpat Institution of Engineers

52 51 71 32 36 35

( India ) Building, 1332 Shivaji Nagar, PUNE 411005

Approach, P. 0. Princep Street,

Safes Office is at 5 Chowringhee CALCUTTA 700072 TSates Office is at Novelty

27 10 85 Grant Road, MUMBAI 400007 309 65 28 222 39 71

Chambers,

*Sales Office is at F Block, Unity Building, Narashimaraja BANGALORE 560902

Square,

Printed at New India Printing Press, Khurja, India

NO. 1 SEPTEMBER 2000 TO IS 3837:1976 SPECIFICATION FOR ACCESSORIES FOR RIGID STEEL CONDUITS FOR ELECTRICAL WIRING
(Fust Reviswn ) (Page 4, cZause3.1 ) Substitute the following for the existing matter The saddle shsll be ribbed for reinforcement at the crown and shall be of such a structure as to be attached firmly on the surface of building structure/spacing plates with two wooden screws one on each side. (Page 4, clause 3.2) Insert a new clause afier 3.2; 3.2.1 The dimensions of the spacing plate shall be as follows: Length minimum shall be A as per Table 2 for single saddle and shall be A+2C as per Table 3 for multiple saddles. Width minimum shall be F+6 as per Table 2 or Table 3 as the caae may be. Holes for fining of spacing plates shall be provided at the centre of the spacing plates. The holes shall be of minimum 5 mm dia for conduits of dia up to 20 mm and shall be of minimum 6 mm dia for conduits of higher diameter. ~ (Page 8, Table 2) Substitute
D (Min)

AMENDMENT

for

D (Max)

( Pages 7,8 and 9, Tables 1,2 and 3, Dimension D, Rows 1,2 and 3 ) Substitute the following for existing entries:
D (Min) 0.60 1.0 1.0

Amend No. 1 to IS 3837:1976 (Page 10, Table 4) Sustitute the following for the existing figure t

-c
A

R-

(Page 11, Table 5, CO12) Substitute the following-for the existing

.(Max) 22 26 31 38 46 56 69

(Page 13, Tab& 7) Insert the following note at the end of the table:
NO113 Extemafly screwed hexagonal bushes are meant for use conduits in switch boxes. of terniinstiorM of

(Page 14, Table 8) Insert the following note at the end of the table:
NOTE Intemstly screwed arcufsr bushes are meant for use of termination of conduits injunction boxes.

[ETD14)
Reprography Unit BIS, New Delhi, India