HISTORY

The first practical automobile with a petrol engine was built by Karl Benz in 1885 in Mannheim, Germany. Benz was granted a patent for his automobile on 29 January 1886, and began the first production of automobiles in 1888, after Bertha Benz, his wife, had proved with the first long-distance trip in August 1888 (104 km (65 mi) from Mannheim to Pforzheim and back) that the horseless coach was absolutely suitable for daily use. Since 2008 a Bertha Benz Memorial Route commemorates this event. Soon after, in 1889, Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach in Stuttgart designed a vehicle from scratch to be an automobile, rather than a horse-drawn carriage fitted with an engine. They also are usually credited as inventors of the first motorcycle, the Daimler Reitwagen, in 1885, but Italy'sEnrico Bernardi, of the University of Padua, in 1882, patented a 0.024 horsepower (17.9 W) 122 cc (7.4 cu in) one-cylinder petrol motor, fitting it into his son's tricycle, [2]:p.26 making it at least a candidate for the first automobile, and first motorcycle. Bernardi enlarged the tricycle in 1892 [2]:p.26 to carry two adults. The automotive industry began in the 1890s with hundreds of manufacturers that pioneered the horseless carriage. For many decades, the United States led the world in total automobile production. In 1929 before the Great Depression, the world had 32,028,500 automobiles in use, and the U.S. automobile industry produced over 90% of [3] them. At that time the U.S. had one car per 4.87 persons. After WWII the U.S. produced about 75 percent of world's auto production. In 1980 the U.S. was overtaken by Japan and became world's leader again in 1994. In 2006, Japan narrowly passed the U.S. in production and held this rank until 2009, when China took the top spot with 13.8 million units. By producing 18.4 million units in 2011, China produced more than twice the number of automobiles made by [4] the U.S. in second place with 8.7 million units, while Japan was in third place with 8.4 million units.

Economy[edit]
See also: Automotive industry by country Around the world, there were about 806 million cars and light trucks on the road in 2007, consuming over 260 billion 3 [8] US gallons (980,000,000 m ) of gasoline and diesel fuel yearly. The automobile is a primary mode of transportation for many developed economies. The Detroit branch of Boston Consulting Group predicts that, by 2014, one-third of world demand will be in the fourBRIC markets (Brazil, Russia, India and China). Other potentially powerful automotive [9] markets are Iran and Indonesia. Emerging auto markets already buy more cars than established markets. According to a J.D. Power study, emerging markets accounted for 51 percent of the global light-vehicle sales in 2010. [10][11] The study expects this trend to accelerate.

World motor vehicle production[edit]

See also: List of countries by motor vehicle production For many decades, the United States led the world in total automobile production. In 1929 before the Great Depression, the world had 32,028,500 automobiles in use, and the US automobile industry produced over 90% of [12] them. At that time the U.S. had one car per 4.87 persons. After WWII the U.S. issued 3/4 of world's auto production. In 1980 the U.S. was overtaken by Japan and became world's leader again in 1994. In 2006, Japan narrowly passed the U.S. in production and held this rank until 2009, when China took the top spot with 13.8 million units. By producing 18.4 million units in 2011, China produced more than twice the number of automobiles made by [4] the U.S. in second place with 8.7 million units, while Japan was in third place with 8.4 million units.

By year[edit]
Global production of motorvehicles
(cars and commercial vehicles)

Year

Production Change

Source

1997

54,434,000

[13]

1998

52,987,000

-2.7%

[13]

1999

56,258,892

6.2%

[14]

2000

58,374,162

3.8%

[15]

2001

56,304,925

-3.5%

[16]

2002

58,994,318

4.8%

[17]

2003

60,663,225

2.8%

[18]

2004

64,496,220

6.3%

[19]

2005

66,482,439

3.1%

[20]

2006

69,222,975

4.1%

[21]

2007

73,266,061

5.8%

[22]

2008

70,520,493

-3.7%

[23]

2009

61,791,868

-12.4%

[24]

2010

77,857,705

26.0%

[25]

2011

79,989,155

3.1%

[26]

2012

84,141,209

5.3%

[27]

By manufacturer[edit]
[hide]

previous year Top motor vehicle manufacturing companies by volume 2011 next year Total motor vehicle production Group Key GM Volkswagen Toyota Hyundai Motor Ford Nissan PSA Honda Renault Suzuki Fiat Chrysler BMW Daimler AG Mazda Mitsubishi Dongfeng Motor Tata Geely Beijing Automotive 2,004,514 1,738,160 1,528,008 1,165,591 1,140,282 (1,095,065) - Under review, see note. 1,061,229 (902,824) - Under review, see note. (689,635) - Under review, see note. 2,909,016 2,825,089 2,725,899 2,399,825 3,582,410 1,000,000 2,000,000 Cars 3,000,000 4,000,000 5,000,000

6,000,00

Light Commercial Vehicles

He

8,157,05

Chang'an Automobile Saipa Chery AvtoVAZ FAW Fuji Great Wall Key Total: 78,799,483

(681,719) - Under review, see note. 669,538 (637,423) - Under review, see note. 635,860 (621,271) - Under review, see note. 580,261 (486,562) - Under review, see note. Cars Cars: 61,703,020 Light Commercial Vehicles LCV: 13,637,299

He

Reference: "World motor vehicle production by manufacturer: World ranking of manufacturers, Year 2011". OICA. November 2012.

INDUSTRY IN INDIA
The automotive industry in India is one of the larger markets in the world and had previously been one of the [1][2] fastest growing globally, but is now seeing flat or negative growth rates. India's passenger car and commercial vehicle manufacturing industry is the sixth largest in the world, with an annual production of more than 3.9 million [3] units in 2011. According to recent reports, India overtook Brazil and became the sixth largest passenger vehicle producer in the world (beating such old and new auto makers as Belgium, United Kingdom, Italy, Canada, Mexico, [4] Russia, Spain, France, Brazil), grew 16 to 18 per cent to sell around three million units in the course of 2011-12. In 2009, India emerged as Asia's fourth largest exporter ofpassenger cars, behind Japan, South Korea, and [5] Thailand. In 2010, India beat Thailand to become Asia's third largest exporter of passenger cars. As of 2010, India is home to 40 million passenger vehicles. More than 3.7 million automotive vehicles were produced in India in 2010 (an increase of 33.9%), making the country the second (after China) fastest growing automobile [6][7] market in the world in that year. According to the Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers, annual vehicle [1] sales are projected to increase to 4 million by 2015, no longer 5 million as previously projected. The majority of India's car manufacturing industry is based around three clusters in the south, west and north. The southern cluster consisting ofChennai is the biggest with 35% of the revenue share. The western hub near Mumbai and Pune contributes to 33% of the market and the northern cluster around the National Capital [8] Region contributes 32%. Chennai, with the India operations of Ford, Hyundai, Renault, Mitsubishi, Nissan, BMW,Hindustan Motors, Daimler, Caparo, and PSA Peugeot Citron is about to begin their operations by 2014. Chennai accounts for 60% of the country's automotive [9] exports. Gurgaon and Manesar in Haryana form the northern cluster where the country's largest car [10] manufacturer, Maruti Suzuki, is based. The Chakan corridor near Pune, Maharashtra is the western cluster with companies like General Motors, Volkswagen, Skoda, Mahindra and Mahindra, Tata Motors, Mercedes Benz, Land [11][12] Rover, Jaguar Cars, Fiat and Force Motors having assembly plants in the area. Nashik has a major base of Mahindra & Mahindra with a UV assembly unit and an Engine assembly unit. Aurangabad with Audi, Skoda and Volkswagen also forms part of the western cluster. Another emerging cluster is in the state of Gujarat with manufacturing facility of General Motors in Halol and further planned for Tata Nano at their plant in Sanand. Ford, Maruti Suzuki and Peugeot-Citroen plants are also set to come up in [13] Gujarat. Kolkata with Hindustan Motors,Noida with Honda and Bangalore with Toyota are some of the other [14][15][16] automotive manufacturing regions around the country.