Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Agenda
Overview of carrier aggregation Carrier aggregation modes
Operating bands
Cell configuration Deployment scenarios Layer 1 and 2 structure Resource scheduling
Design challenges
Test challenges Agilent solutions Resources
4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
Coordinated Multipoint (CoMP) Relaying Home eNB mobility enhancements Customer Premises Equipment Heterogeneous network support Self Optimizing networks (SON)
Motivation:
Achieve wide bandwidth transmissions
Resource block
up to 20 MHz BW
Resource block
f
Band A
Band A
Resource block
f
Band A
Resource block
Band B
Deployment will be limited to the use of two CCs; signalling supports up to 5 CCs FDD downlink
Supports both intra-band contiguous and inter-band aggregation PUCCH
TDD downlink
Supports intra-band contiguous aggregation
PUSCH
PUSCH
Frequency
CA_1 CA_40
Inter-band non-contiguous CA: Bands 1 and 5 for 10 MHz CCs, one CC per band
Band E-UTRA Band 1 5 Uplink (UL) operating band BS receive / UE transmit FUL_low FUL_high 1920 MHz 1980 MHz 824 MHz 849 MHz Downlink (DL) operating band BS transmit / UE receive FDL_low FDL_high 2110 MHz 2170 MHz 869 MHz 894 MHz Duplex Mode
CA_1-5
FDD
Band
CA-B3_B7
CA-B4_B17 CA-B4_B13 CA-B4_B12 CA-B20_B7 CA-B2_B17 CA-B4_B5
Lead company
TeliaSonera
AT&T Ericsson (Verizon) Cox Communications Huawei (Orange) AT&T AT&T
Uplink
1710 - 1785
1710 1755 1710 1755 1710 1755 832 862 1850 1910 1710 1755
Downlink
1805 - 1880
2110 - 2155 2110 - 2155 2110 - 2155 791 - 821 1930 - 1990 2110 - 2155
Uplink
2500 - 2570
704 716 777 - 787 698 716 2500 - 2570 704 716 824 849
Downlink
2620 - 2690
734 - 746 746 - 756 728 - 746 2620 - 2690 734 - 746 869 - 894
Mode
FDD
FDD FDD FDD FDD FDD FDD
CA-B5_B12
CA-B5_B17 CA-B20_B3 CA-B20_B8
US Cellular
AT&T Vodafone Vodafone
824 849
824 849 832 862 832 862
869 - 894
869 - 894 791 - 821 791 - 821
698 716
704 716 1710 - 1785 880 915
728 - 746
734 - 746 1805 - 1880 925 - 960
FDD
FDD FDD FDD
CA-B3_B5
CA-B7 CA-B1_B7 CA-B4_B7 CA-B25_25 CA-B38 CA-B43
SK Telecom
China Unicom China Telecomm Rogers Wireless Sprint Huawei (CMCC) Clearwire
1710 - 1785
2500 - 2570 1920 - 1980
1805 - 1880
2620 - 2690 2110 - 2170
824 849
2500 - 2570 2500 - 2570
869 - 894
2620 - 2690 2620 - 2690
FDD
FDD FDD
1710 1755
1850 - 1915 2570 - 2620 3600 - 3800
2110 - 2155
1930 - 1995 2570 - 2620 3600 - 3800
2500 - 2570
1850 - 1915 2570 - 2620 3600 - 3800
2620 - 2690
1930 - 1995 2570 - 2620 3600 - 3800
FDD
FDD TDD TDD
Uplink
PCC SCC
SCell (Secondary Serving Cell): configured after connection establishment, to provide additional radio resources
SCC (Secondary Component Carriers): uplink and downlink CCs corresponding to the SCell
PCell:
PDCCH/PDSCH/PUSCH/PUCCH can be transmitted Measurement and mobility procedure are based on PCell Random access procedure is performed over PCell Can not be deactivated DL PCell and UL PCell are linked via SIB2
Downlink
PCC SCC SCC
SCell:
PDCCH/PDSCH/PUSCH can be transmitted (not PUCCH) MAC layer based dynamic activation/deactivation procedure is supported for SCell for UE battery saving Can be cross scheduled
Examples of primary and secondary component carriers for uplink and downlink
Scenario #2:
F1 and F2 cells are co-located and overlaid, but F2 has smaller coverage
Scenario #3:
F1 and F2 cells are co-located but F2 antennas are directed to the cell boundaries of F1 so that cell edge throughput is increased.
F1 provides sufficient coverage but F2 potentially has holes
Scenario #5:
Similar to scenario #2, but frequency selective repeaters are deployed to extend coverage for one of the frequencies.
In Release 10, scenarios 1, 2 & 3 are supported for UL when F1 & F2 are in same band. For DL, all scenarios are supported
Radio Bearers ROHC PDCP Security Security Security Security ROHC ROHC ROHC
PDCP Security Security ROHC ROHC
Radio Bearers
RLC
...
...
RLC
...
MAC
Multiplexing UE1
Multiplexing
HARQ
...
HARQ
...
HARQ
HARQ
...
CC1
...
CCx
CC1
...
CCy
CC1
...
CCx
TrBlk 1
Channel coding
TrBlk 2
Channel coding
HARQ
modulation Resource mapping
CC1
HARQ
modulation Resource mapping
CC2
One UE
PDCCH PDCCH
PDSCH
Same-carrier scheduling
PDSCH
PDSCH
scheduled by PDCCH from PCell
PCell can not be cross scheduled, it is always scheduled through its own PDCCH
Cross-Carrier Scheduling:
Interference management for control channels in heterogeneous networks
Macro Cell
CC2 for Macro Cell CC1 for Macro Cell
Cross-carrier scheduling provides interference management for control channels known as InterCell Interference Coordination (ICIC) for PDCCH.
Pico Cell
CC1 Low Power
CC2 Low Power
In this example, CC1 of Macro Cell would cause high interference to CC1 of pico cell, therefore pico cell uses CC2 for PDCCH messages to schedule PDSCH transmission on CC1 Macro cell uses CC1 to schedule PDSCH transmission on both CC1 and CC2
PDCCH
PDSCH
PDSCH
scheduled by PDCCH from CC2
CC2
PDSCH
scheduled by PDCCH from CC1
PDCCH
CC2
PDSCH
Agenda
Overview of carrier aggregation Carrier aggregation modes
Operating bands
Cell configuration Deployment scenarios Layer 1 and 2 structure Resource scheduling
Design challenges
Test challenges Agilent solutions Resources
RF filter
RF PA
Scenario C
Multiplex 1 BB IFFT
D/A L1
Single (baseband + IFFT + DAC + mixer + PA) Aggregation Scenario: Intra-band contiguous
Scenario B
Multiplex 2 BB Multiplex 1 BB IFFT
D/A
L1
RF PA
RF filter
IFFT
D/A L2
RF PA L2
RF filter
Multiplex 2 BB
IFFT
D/A
Multiple (baseband + IFFT + DAC + mixer), lowpower combiner @ RF, and single PA Aggregation Scenarios: Intra-band contiguous and non-contiguous
Multiple (baseband + IFFT + DAC), single (stage-1 IF mixer + combiner @ IF + stage-2 RF mixer + PA) Aggregation Scenarios: Intra-band contiguous and noncontiguous
UE Receiver Architecture
Rx Characteristics Intra Band aggregation Option Description (Rx architecture) Single (RF + FFT + baseband) with BW>20MHz Multiple (RF + FFT + baseband) with BW20MHz Contiguous (CC) Non contiguous (CC)
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Option A Single wideband-capable (i.e., >20MHz) RF front end (i.e., mixer, AGC, ADC) and a single FFT, or alternatively multiple "legacy" RF front ends (<=20MHz) and FFT engines.
Option B In the case non adjacent Inter band separate RF front end are necessary.
Reference: 3GPP TR 36.912 v.10.0.0.
Single-band contiguous spec. UL: 40 MHz alloc. @ 3.5GHz band for FDD DL: 80 MHz Single-band contiguous spec. 100 MHz alloc. @ Band 40 for TDD
UL: Contiguous 2x20 MHz CCs DL: Contiguous 4x20 MHz CCs Contiguous 5x20 MHz CCs UL: Non-contiguous 1x20 + 1x20 MHz CCs DL: Non-contiguous 2x20 + 2x20 MHz CCs
FDD TDD
UL: 40 MHz
DL: 80 MHz
FDD
20MHzC Cs
11010
H AR Q _Bi ts U E1_PM I SC _St at us U E1_C hannel Bi ts
LTE_A
U E1_D at a
DL
11010
Src
f r m _FD
Im
Fre q Ph a s e Q
QUAD OUT
f r m _TD
Mod
Re
I Am p OUT
CCDF
CCDF
11010
H AR Q _Bi ts
U E1_PM I SC _St at us
U E1_C hannel Bi ts
LTE_A
U E1_D at a U E1_M odSym bol s
DL
f r m _FD
11010
Src
f r m _TD
Im
Fre q Ph a s e Q
Mod
Re
I Am p
11010
H AR Q _Bi ts
U E1_PM I SC _St at us
U E1_C hannel Bi ts
Fc Change
Env
Fre q Ph a s e Q
LTE_A
U E1_D at a U E1_M odSym bol s
DL
20
f r m _FD
11010
Src
f r m _TD
Im
Mod
I
Single uplink CC
For the base station it has less impact similar to current base stations supporting multiple bands.
RF filter
Multiplex 1 BB
IFFT
D/A
RF filter
L1
RF PA
Multiple (baseband + IFFT + DAC + mixer + PA), high-power combiner to single antenna OR dual antenna (MIMO)
Multiplex 2 BB
IFFT
D/A
L2
RF PA
RF filter
Reference: 3GPP TR 36.912 v.10.0.0. Figure 11.3.2.1-1
Agenda
Overview of carrier aggregation Carrier aggregation modes
Operating bands
Cell configuration Deployment scenarios Layer 1 and 2 structure Resource scheduling
Design challenges
Test challenges Agilent solutions Resources
Scenario 2 TDD DL
Scenario
Link
Configuration
Scenario 1 Scenario 2
FDD DL TDD DL
FDD DL
8.45 dB 9.17 dB
8.38 dB 5.79 dB
9.98 dB 11.71 dB
9.58 dB 6.86 dB
Scenario 4 FDD UL
Test Challenges: Analyze the Multiple Transmit and Receive Chains Simultaneously
Test Challenge: For Release 10, the multiple component carriers must arrive at the receiver at the same time, time alignment error of 1.3 s for inter-band and 130 ns for intra-band. This requires simultaneous demodulation of the multiple component carriers
Agilent Solutions: 89600 VSA software Inter-band and intra-band carrier aggregation support for both uplink and downlink, FDD and TDD
Hardware: X-Series signal analyzers or N7109A multi-channel signal analyzer
Two component carriers at 800 MHz
One component carrier at 2100 MHz
Measurement example for setting up component carriers, including: FDD / TDD UL / DL Bandwidth & span Sync type
Band A
Band B
CC from
Band A CC from Band B
OR
N7109A
Two CCs at 800 MHz Three CCs at 2100 MHz
Agilent Solutions:
N7109A multi-channel signal analysis system: 2, 4 or 8 channels, 40 MHz demodulation BW per channel Pick and choose how you want to use the 8 channels (ex. 4x4 MIMO on two inter-band component carriers or 2x2 MIMO on four inter-band component carriers)
Up to 8 channels
MIMO Info trace for CC0
Example of 2x2 MIMO and inter-band carrier aggregation with two component carriers
Agenda
Overview of carrier aggregation Carrier aggregation modes
Operating bands
Cell configuration Deployment scenarios Layer 1 and 2 structure Resource scheduling
Design challenges
Test challenges Agilent solutions Resources
Signal Generators
Baseband Generator and Channel Emulator
Pre-Conformance
Design Simulation
BTS and Mobile BB Chipset Development L1/PHY FPGA and ASIC Protocol Development L2/L3
RF & Protocol test platforms
Conformance
Manufacturing
Network Deployment
Manufacturing test platforms
RF Handheld Analyzers
Summary
Carrier aggregation is one of the most important features for LTEAdvanced enabling: Higher data rates
Facilitate efficient use of fragmented spectrum Interference management in heterogeneous networks
It is introduced in LTE Release 10 with deployment of two component carriers and will be extended with Rel. 11and beyond It introduces various design challenges, especially for UE
Test challenges for multi-carrier EVM requiring simultaneous demodulation of both inter-band and intra-band signal configurations Agilent was first to market with LTE-Advanced solution addressing system simulation, signal generation and analysis tools
THANK YOU!