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Department of Pharmacology Yun-Bi Lu, San-Hua Fang, Wei-Wei Hu yunbi@zju.edu.cn fshfbzxhq@zju.edu.cn huww@zju.edu.cn
History of Pharmacology
2500 years ago - 17th century ancient Greece used willow leaves 17th century - 18th century salicylic acid was found in the bark of a willow tree 1899 Bayer marketed aspirin (acetyl-salicylic acid) 1970s the mechanism is known: inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis via a cyclo-oxygenase (COX) enzyme
History of Pharmacology
2500 years ago - 17th century ancient Greece used willow leaves 17th century - 18th century salicylic acid was found in the bark of a willow tree 1899 Bayer marketed aspirin (acetyl-salicylic acid) 1970s the mechanism is known: inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis via a cyclo-oxygenase (COX) enzyme
History of Pharmacology
Francois Magendie (1783 - 1855) Claude Bernard was doing experiment (1842).
History of Pharmacology
Aim
to develop understanding and skills in the process of scientific research in experimental pharmacology/ pharmacology.
Outline
Video: basic skills for experimental pharmacology Practice for the basic skills for experimental pharmacology
X drug
antagonist X drug
BP
X drug
antagonist X drug
BP
log C( g/ml)
(time-course curve)
Mouse
Holding the tail tip for simple catch and transfer. Techniques for drug administration, such as i.p., per o.s. /gavage
Mouse
Mouse
i.p. drug administration for the mouse 0.1-0.2 ml/10 g body weight
Mouse
ensisternum
Mouse
i.v. drug administration for the mouse (0.05~0.1 ml/10g body weight )
Mouse
Gavage drug administration for the mouse (0.1~0.2 ml/10g body weight )
Rat
Holding the middle part of the tail for simple catch of rats. Grabbing the skin of the neck and the back or holding the animal from the back when catching rats with heavy weight.
Rat
Rat
i.p. drug administration for the rat (1) 0.1-0.2 ml/100 g body weight
Rat
i.p. drug administration for the rat (2) 0.1-0.2 ml/100 g body weight
Rat
Gavage drug administration for the rat (0.3~0.5 ml/100g body weight)
Guinea pig
Guinea pig
Gavage drug administration: rubber tubing a piece of wood stick with a hole a cup of water to test air bubbles i.v.drug administration for guinea pig: usually through cephalic vein.
Rabbit
Grabbing the skin of the neck and the back with one hand, supporting the haunch with the other hand from below.
Rabbit
Beagle
Animal mark
3 10 5
Animal Anesthesia
General anesthesia
Gas inhalation: e.g. halothane, isofluorane, ether. Systemic anesthetics: e.g. pentobarbital, chloral hydrate, chloralose, urethane, ketamine.
Anesthetics Concentration(%) Dose unit Mouse Rat Guinea pig Rabbit Cat Dog Anesthesia duration
Urethane 2025 g/kg 11.5ip 11.5ip 11.5ip 11.2 (ip) 11.5 (ip)
pentobarbital 14 mg/kg 4550 (ip) 4550 (ip) 4550 (ip) 2025 3040 3040 2530 3040 24hr (iv) (ip) (ip) (iv) (ip)
24hr
Animal euthanization
Dislocation of cervical vertebra CO2 euthanization Decapitation Air embolism Destroying the brain Exsanguinations Over-dose of anesthetics