Ias test papers

World history is the newly added portion in the syllabus of IAS test paper this year. According to this new syllabus, the industrial revolution is an important topic. This article is based on the new syllabus for IAS test papers which covers the topic related to industrial revolution. It was after Industrial Revolution that impersonal system of production came to stay in which both the employers and the employees had not personal contacts with each other. They had opposing interesting and their interests clashed with each other. The employers did not care for the interests of the workers and in fact their margin of profit depended on the hard labour which the workers put in and less wages which they were paid. Under the factory system the conditions of the workers became really miserable. None cared for their comforts and the labourers had no security of service. Their plight was miserable and neither their life nor honour was secure. The working hours were far more than the wages paid. Even the children and women had to work under very odd circumstances. The state paid no heed to them and did not look after their interests. Though the production was possible only when the machine and the labour worked but maximum attention was paid towards money and the machine rather than the labour. The labourers were living in shanties outside the factories under sub-human conditions, whereas the factory owners who lived on their labour, resided in beautiful palaces with all the joys and comforts of life. It was this contrast in every walk of life, which became the basis of socialism and rise of labour movements throughout Europe. Needless to say that in those countries where industrial and factory system made rapid progress the labour movement spread more quickly than anywhere else. It is rather very appropriate today to say that rise of capitalism sowed the seeds of socialism and its spread gave intensity of labour movements. This fact must be highlighted while writing the answers in the IAS test papers.

As already said capitalism and socialism are very closely linked with each other. In the beginning this did not develop as a philosophy or a king of movement. On the other hand socialism started as a protest movement against the excessive highhandedness of the capitalists. Those who championed the cause of the workers raised their voice to expose the miserable conditions of the workers and wished to stir and touch the conscience of the factory owners as well as the government to protect the workers and provide them basic amenities and facilities, while at work. But as the time passed these people became more vocal and began to consolidate themselves. Thus in a very weak manner started labour movements and socialist philosophy in several countries. Obviously any such attempt which aimed at consolidating the workers was bound to be opposed by the capitalists an the factory owners. The governments had no representatives of the workers and as such these also sided with the factory owners.