Quiz Review Sheet: Biotechnology - Answers

What are known as genetic scissors? restriction enzymes What is a plasmid? circular piece of DNA in bacteria What is DNA from two different sources that isnt natural? recombinant DNA What is cell transformation? inserting new genes into a cell and changing the genetic makeup What type of cloning uses organs from animals for transplant? - therapeutic What are the pros and cons of cloning extinct animals? Pros may offer diversity to the ecosystem Cons costly, DNA may be degraded, tough to find a surrogate 7. What body parts can be used generate a DNA fingerprint? blood, semen, saliva, any somatic cells 8. What is PCR? What is it used for? PCR stand for polymerase chain reaction. It is sued to produce many copies of DNA. 9. What is the difference between SCNT and the natural fertilization process? SCNT is a way to clone an animal. It uses the nucleus from only one person; therefore, one set of DNA from one parent. The fertilization process combines an egg and sperm; therefore, has DNA from two organisms or parents. 10. What some reason why someone would want to create a transgenic plant? Transgenic plants can be created for agricultural purposes such a herbicide or insecticide resistance. Also, they can be created to have vitamins and minerals that they would otherwise not have such as golden rice. 11. What are the pros and cons of inbreeding? Pros it can produce the desired traits that someone wants Cons harmful recessive traits increase in frequency in a population such as defects in pure-bred dogs 12. What process is used to create a golden doodle? - hybridization 13. If someone would want to insert a gene into goats or pigs to produce something for humans, where must this gene be inserted? it must be inserted into an egg cell 14. What is a genome? a persons entire set of genes 15. What is gene therapy? What is the purpose? Gene therapy is the process of inserting genes into an individuals cells and tissues to treat a disease 16. What is selective breeding? breeding individuals with desired traits 17. What is a transgenic organism? an organism that has DNA from two organsims 18. What is enucleation and what purpose in the cloning process? it is the process of removing the nucleus. It is necessary for cloning to remove the nucleus of the egg cell in order to insert the DNA of the organism you want to clone into the egg cell 19. What is gel electrophoresis? process of separating DNA into pieces 20. What is the innocence project? project to use DNA evidence to exonerate people who have been convicted of crimes 21. What are the pros and cons of cloning? Pros can be used to therapeutic uses Cons ethical issues, clones suffer from health issues, treatment of animals 22. Why would someone genetically engineer a cow or goat to produce human proteins? because a an animal can manufacture the protein in higher amounts than a human 23. What is the main goal of biotechnology? to improve food supply and quality, treat disease, produce medicines 24. What is the goal of the human genome project? to sequence the entire genome of a person 25. What is the Genetic Nondiscrimination Information Act? legislation to prevent employers and insurance companies from discriminating against people based on their genetic history. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

26. What makes a clone such as Dolly different from an organism produced by the natural fertilization process? dollys DNA is from one parent and it is identical. Fertilization produces offspring with different DNA and use two parents. 27. Why must the nucleus of an egg cell be removed before cloning can take place? it must be removed so you can insert the DNA of the organism you want to clone. 28. What role does DNA polymerase serve in the PCR process?

29. During which step(s) is a restriction enzyme used? 2, 3, 4 30. What step produced recombinant DNA or plasmid? - 5 31. What process is illustrated in the picture above?- cell transformation 32. What are some medical applications of genomics? indentify human genes, prevent disease, diagnose genetic disorders 33. What would critics say of GM crops? are they safe to eat, will they damage the ecosystem, how will they impact farmers 34. What would supporters say of GM crops? high yield of crops, less pollution, 35. How can recombinant DNA be used in agriculture? to produce disease resistant crops, engineered foods to contain vitamin and minerals, edible vaccines 36. What is reproductive versus therapeutic cloning? Therapeutic cloning is producing animals for organ donation or to treat diseases and reproductive is to create genetically identical animals 37. What are some uses of GE animals? improve food quality and supply, produce human hormones and proteins, produce vaccines 38. What is a clone? What are some advantages and disadvantages? 39. Looking at the DNA pattern to the right. What two samples match up? How can you tell? Sample 1 and 4 match up because their lines (bands) Match up.

40. Describe the picture to the right.

The picture to the right show a restriction Enzyme cutting at certain points creating Pieces of DNA.