Physical Chemistry Tutorial 7 Chemical equilibrium and Ionic equilibria part I 1.

1. a) The equilibrium constant for the equilibrium CO(g) + H2O(g) CO2(g) + H2(g) is 302 at 600K. What is the value of the equilibrium constant for the reverse reaction at the same temperature b) Classify the following equilibria as heterogeneous or homogeneous, and write an equilibrium expression for each. i)NH4NO2(s) N2(g) + 2 H2O(g) ii)SO2(g) + O2(g) SO3(g) 2. a) At the equilibrium point in the decomposition of phosphorus pentachloride to chlorine and phosphorus trichloride, the following concentrations are obtained: 0.010 M PCl 5, 0.15 M PCl3 and 0.37 M Cl2. Write the equilibrium expression, Kc and determine the KC for the reaction : PCl5(g) PCl3(g) + Cl2(g) b) Gaseous dinitrogen tetroxide is placed in a flask and allowed to decompose to nitrogen dioxide and reach equilibrium at 100C. At 100C, the value of K c is 0.212. If the concentration of dinitrogen tetroxide at equilibrium is 0.155 mol dm-3, what is the concentration of nitrogen dioxide at equilibrium? N2O4(g) 2 NO2(g) 3. a) Phosphorus pentachloride decomposes to phosphorus trichloride and chlorine gas. A 1.10 M sample of PCl5 was placed into a vessel. At equilibrium it was determined that the concentration was 0.33 M. Calculate the KC for this reaction. b) The colourless gas dinitrogen tetroxide decomposes to the brown coloured air pollutant nitrogen dioxide and exists in equilibrium. A 0.125 mol sample of dinitrogen tetroxide is introduced into a 1.00 L container and allowed to decompose at a given temperature. When equilibrium is reached, the concentration of the dinitrogen tetroxide is 0.0750 mol/L. What is the value of K C for this reaction? 4. A mixture of 0.100 mol of NO, 0.050 mol of H 2, and 0.100 mol of H2O are placed in a 1.00-liter flask. The following equilibrium is established: 2 NO(g) + 2 H2(g) N2(g) + 2 H2O(g) At equilibrium, [NO] = 0.070 M. a) Calculate the equilibrium concentrations of H2, N2, and H2O. b) Write an expression for KC for this reaction. c) Calculate KC for this reaction. 5. a) At 1200C, the value of Kc for the formation of hydrogen chloride gas from its elements is 2.51x10 4. Determine the equilibrium concentrations of all species if 0.250 mol of both chlorine gas and hydrogen gas are placed in a 1.00 L vessel and allowed to reach equilibrium. b) Nitrogen gas reacts with oxygen gas to form nitrogen monoxide gas. The K c for this reaction at 1530C is 1.20x10-4. Determine the equilibrium concentrations of all species when 1.00 mol dm-3 of nitrogen and oxygen is placed in a vessel and allowed to reach equilibrium. 6. a) Nitrosyl bromide dissociates according to the following equation: 2NOBr (g) 2NO(g) + Br2 . An quilibrium mixture in a 5.0 dm3 vessel at 100C contains 3.22 g of NOBr, 3.15 g of NO and 4.20 g of Br 2. Calculate KP for the reaction. b)Sulphur trioxide, SO3 decompose to sulphur dioxide gas and oxygen gas. If 3.0 mol of SO 3 is introduced into a 0.50 L vessel, 0.08 mol of sulphur dioxide gas was formed at equilibrium at 350 K i) Determine the equilibrium concentration of all the reactiong species at 350 K ii) Determine the values of Kc and KP at 350 K iii) Calculate the degree of dissociation, for SO3

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Explain the effect of the following stresses to the equilibrium: 2 SO2(g) + O2(g) 2 SO3(g) + heat a) Increase in the concentration of sulfur dioxide b) Decreasing the partial pressure of sulfur trioxide c) Decreasing the temperature of the system d) Increasing the volume of the container e) Adding a catalyst a) Give the definition of acid and base by Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry and Lewis b) The hydrogen sulphite ion (HSO3-) is amphiprotic. Give the equations showing its ability to react with water c) Give the equation shows the process of autonization of water based on Lewis structure a) Given that Kb for ammonia is 1.8 x 10-5 mol dm-3 at 25 C, calculate the [OH-], [NH4+], [NH3] and [H3O-] of a 0.300 mol dm-3 NH3 solution at this temperature: NH4+ (aq) + OH- (aq) NH3(aq) + H2O (l) b) Calculate the pH, pOH, [H+] and [OH-] for: a) 0.0045 M HCl d) 0.00005 M NaOH b) 0.0026 M H2SO4 (assume complete dissociation) e) 0.00081 M Ba[OH]2 c) 8.6 M HCl f) 6.0 M NaOH c) Calculate the hydroxide ion concentration in 0.015 mol dm-3 sulphuric(VI) acid [Kw = 1.00 x 10-14 mol2 dm-6] d) Calculate the hydroxide ion concentration in 0.10 mol dm-3 propanoic acid [Ka for CH3CH2COOH is 1.35 x 10-5 mol dm-3, Kw = 1.00 x 10-14 mol2 dm-6]

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10. A solution was prepared by mixing 0.15 mol of ethanoic acid and 0.030 mol of hydrochloric acid and making up the solution to 1.00 dm3 with distilled water. Calculate a) The ethanoate ion concentration at equilibrium b) The pH of the resulting solution [Ka for CH3COOH + 1.80 x 10-5 mol dm-3] 11. a) Calculate the concentration of H+ ions in a 0.2 mol dm-3 HCN solution. The value of pKa for HCN is 9.3 b) Calculate the concentration of OH- (aq) ions in 0.001 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid 12. Calculate a) The pH of 0.02 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid b) Th pH for 0.01 mol dm-3 Ba(OH)2 solution 13. a) Calculate the pH of a 0.20 mol dm-3 ammonium chloride solution. The base dissociation constant of ammonia is 1.8 x 10-5 mol dm-3. b) Calculate (i) th pOH and (ii) the pH of a 0.10 mol dm-3 NaOCl solution (Kb of NaOCl= 3.3 x 10-7 mol dm-3)

Prepared by: M.A.A.R