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HELOXY Modifier Selection Guide
SC:3037-01
Table of Contents
Introduction Classification and Properties of HELOXY Modifiers General Information Shipping and Safe Handling Information Performance Characteristics Viscosity Reduction Reactivity Thermal Resistance Properties Mechanical Strength Properties Chemical Resistance Properties HELOXY Modifier Selection Guide HELOXY Modifier Selection Guide Worksheet Table 1 / Aliphatic Monofunctional HELOXY and CARDURA Modifiers Table 2 / Aromatic Monofunctional HELOXY Modifiers Table 3 / Polyfunctional HELOXY Modifiers Table 4 / HELOXY Modifier Acronyms Table 5 / Shipping and Safe Handling Information Table 6 / HELOXY Modifier Performance Properties Table 7 / HELOXY Modifier Property Ranking Figure 1 / Monofunctional HELOXY Modifiers Effects on System Viscosity Figure 2 / Aromatic Monofunctional HELOXY Modifiers Effects on System Viscosity Figure 3 / Polyfunctional HELOXY Modifiers Effects on System Viscosity Graph 1 / Viscosity at 25 C (77 F) EPON Resin 828 Blended with Various HELOXY or CARDURA Products Graph 2 / Viscosity at 25 C (77 F) EPON Resin 828 Blended with Various HELOXY or CARDURA Products/ TETA Graph 3 / Gel Time at 25 C (77 F) 100 g Mass of EPON Resin 828 Blended with Various HELOXY or CARDURA Products/TETA Graph 4 / Heat Deflection Temperature (HDT) of EPON Resin 828 Blended with Various HELOXY or CARDURA Products/TETA Cured 24 Hours at 25 C Followed by 2 Hours at 100 C Graph 5 / Tensile Strength of EPON Resin 828 Blended with Various HELOXY or CARDURA Products/TETA Cured 24 Hours at 25 C Followed by 2 Hours at 100 C Graph 6 / Tensile Elongation of EPON Resin 828 Blended with Various HELOXY or CARDURA Products/TETA Cured 24 Hours at 25 C Followed by 2 Hours at 100 C Graph 7 / Flexural Strength of EPON Resin 828 Blended with Various HELOXY or CARDURA Products/TETA Cured 24 Hours at 25 C Followed by 2 Hours at 100 C Graph 8 / Compressive Strength of EPON Resin 828 Blended with Various HELOXY or CARDURA Products/TETA Cured 24 Hours at 25 C Followed by 2 Hours at 100 C Graph 9 / Weight Gain (Water 28 Day Immersion) of EPON Resin 828 Blended with Various HELOXY or CARDURA Products/TETA Cured 24 Hours at 25 C Followed by 2 Hours at 100 C Graph 10 / Weight Gain (5% Acetic Acid 28 Day Immersion) of EPON Resin 828 Blended with Various HELOXY or CARDURA Products/TETA Cured 24 Hours at 25 C Followed by 2 Hours at 100 C Graph 11 / Weight Gain (50/50 IPA/Xylene 28 Day Immersion) of EPON Resin 828 Blended with Various HELOXY or CARDURA Products/TETA Cured 24 Hours at 25 C Followed by 2 Hours at 100 C
2 2 5 6 7 7 11 11 11 19 19 24-27 3 3 4 5 6 9 23 7 8 8 10 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 20 21 22
E P I KOT E
EPON
E P I KURE
EPI-REZ
H E LOX Y
C A R D U R A
V E O VA
SC:3037-01 / HELOXY Modifier Selection Guide
Page 2
Introduction
HELOXY Modifiers serve several functions. They are used to reduce viscosity in order to improve handling and application characteristics, or to modify performance properties such as strength, adhesion and flexibility. It is the intent of this product bulletin to provide guidance in choosing the appropriate modifier for many applications. For many applications, solvents are used to reduce system viscosity. This practice is especially true for coatings applications, but is not useful for sections thicker than a few thousandths of an inch since the solvent may become trapped, resulting in degradation of performance properties. Besides affecting mechanical strength and chemical resistance properties, pinholing or blistering may result. Although the use of nonvolatile plasticizers can aid viscosity reduction, the formulator should be aware that migration of nonreactive diluents to the interface is possible. Whenever migration of these materials occurs, adhesion loss results. In many cases the nature of a particular application precludes the use of a volatile compound or a non-reactive plasticizer.
Classification and Properties of HELOXY Modifiers
HELOXY Modifiers are epoxy functional materials that react into the resin system. Once reacted, they become permanently bound into the polymer network and do not migrate to the interface under normal conditions. HELOXY Modifiers can be categorized according to class and type, where class refers to chemical nature and type refers to functionality. Classes include the aromatic, the cycloaliphatic and the aliphatic compounds, while functionality refers to the number of epoxide groups per molecule. Modifiers may be either aromatic, cycloaliphatic or aliphatic; and monofunctional or polyfunctional. Tables 1, 2 and 3 on the following pages classify each HELOXY Modifier according to product class and type, and contain data on weight per epoxide and viscosity values. Chemical Abstract Service numbers are also included for reference. On pages 7 and 8, monofunctional modifiers are depicted in Figures 1 and 2, while Figure 3 illustrates difunctional and polyfunctional modifiers.
Page 3
Table 1/ Aliphatic Monofunctional HELOXY and CARDURA Modifiers

Molecular structure
R1 O O R2 C C O CH2 CH CH2C R3

Product CARDURA Glycidyl Ester E10
CAS number
Weight per epoxide
Viscosity at 25 C, cP
R1 + R2 + R3 = C10
26761-45-5
244-256
5-10
HELOXY Modifier 7
R OCH2CHCH2 O
R = C8 C10
68609-96-1
220-235
3-5
HELOXY Modifier 8
R OCH2CHCH2
R = C12 C14
68609-97-2
280-295
6-9
Table 2/Aromatic Monofunctional HELOXY Modifiers

Molecular structure
O CH3 O CH2 CH CH2
Product
HELOXY Modifier 62
HELOXY Modifier 63
O O CH2 CH CH2
HELOXY Modifier 64
C9H19
O O CH2 CH CH2 O O CH2 CH CH2

HELOXY Modifier 65
(CH3)3C
HELOXY Modifier 116
O CH3 (CH2)3 CH CH2 O CH2 CH CH2
CH3 CH2
HELOXY Modifier 61
O CH3 (CH2)2 CH2 O CH2 CH CH2
2426-08-6
145-155
1-2
2461-15-6
215-225
2-4
CAS number
Weight per epoxide
2210-79-9
175-195
5-10
122-60-1
150-165
4-7
147094-54-0
300-325
90-130
3101-60-8
225-240
20-30
Page 4
Table 3/Polyfunctional HELOXY Modifiers

Molecular structure
O CH2 O CH2 CH CH2 O CH3 CH2 C CH2 OCH2 CH CH2 O CH2 O CH2 CH CH2

Product
CAS number
Weight per epoxide
HELOXY Modifier 71
CH2CHCH2OCRCOCH2CHCH2 R=C34H68
O CH O (CH2 CH O)8 CH2 CH CH2
CH3
O CH2 O (CH2 CH O)8 CH2 CH CH2
CH3
HELOXY Modifier 505
O =
O O CH2 CH CH2
CH2 O C (CH2) 7 CH=CH CH2 CH (CH2) 5 CH3
CH O C (CH2) 7 CH=CH CH2 CH (CH2) 5 CH3 O O O CH2 CH CH2
CH2 O C (CH2) 7 CH=CH CH2 CH (CH2) 5 CH3 O O O CH2 CH CH2
HELOXY Modifier 107
O CH2 CH CH2 O CH2
O CH2 O CH2 CH CH2
HELOXY Modifier 84
O CH2 O (CH2 CH O)8 CH2 CH CH2
CH3
HELOXY Modifier 68
O O CH2 CH CH2 O CH2 C(CH3) 2 CH2 O CH2 CH CH2
HELOXY Modifier 67
O O CH2 CH CH2 O CH2 (CH2) 2 CH2 O CH2 CH CH2
HELOXY Modifier 48
30499-70-8
135-160
125-250
2425-79-8
120-135
13-18
17557-23-2
130-145
13-18
68475-94-5
390-470
400-900
37237-76-6
620-680
200-320
14228-73-0
155-165
55-75
74398-71-3
550-650
300-500
Page 5
General Information
HELOXY Modifiers are sometimes referred to by acronym. For example, HELOXY Modifier 61 is frequently referred to as BGE, since the principal chemical component is n-butyl glycidyl ether. Similarly, HELOXY Modifier 63, phenyl glycidyl ether, is referred to as PGE. Commonly used acronyms for each HELOXY product are listed below in Table 4. These acronyms are sometimes useful when trying to identify an offset for a product supplied by another manufacturer. Generic products are compositionally similar, but significant differences exist between available commercial materials. Differences include purity level, relative freedom from contaminants such as epichlorohydrin or starting alcohol, and relative concentrations of chemical components. HELOXY Modifiers are designed to be essentially free from contaminants and to demonstrate optimum performance properties for most applications.
Table 4/HELOXY Modifier Acronyms

Material HELOXY Modifier 7 HELOXY Modifier 8 CARDURA Glycidyl Ester E10 HELOXY Modifier 61 HELOXY Modifier 62 HELOXY Modifier 63 HELOXY Modifier 64 HELOXY Modifier 65 HELOXY Modifier 116 HELOXY Modifier 67 HELOXY Modifier 68 HELOXY Modifier 71 HELOXY Modifier 107 HELOXY Modifier 48 HELOXY Modifier 84 HELOXY Modifier 505 Description C8 -C10 Alkyl Glycidyl Ether C12 -C14 Alkyl Glycidyl Ether Neodecanoic Acid Glycidyl Ester Butyl Glycidyl Ether Cresyl Glycidyl Ether Phenyl Glycidyl Ether p-Nonylphenyl Glycidyl Ether p-t-Butyl Phenyl Glycidyl Ether 2-Ethylhexyl Glycidyl Ether 1,4-Butanediol Diglycidyl Ether Neopentyl Glycol Diglycidyl Ether Dimer Acid Diglycidyl Ester Cyclohexane Dimethanol Diglycidyl Ether Trimethylolpropane Triglycidyl Ether Aliphatic Polyglycidyl Ether Castor Oil Polyglycidyl Ether Acronym C8 -C10 GE C12 -C14 GE E10 BGE CGE PGE NPGE p-t-BPGE EHGE 1,4-BDGE NPDGE DADGE CHDMGE TMPTGE APGE COPGE
Page 6
Shipping and Safe Handling Information
Shipping and safe handling characteristics are an important consideration for deciding which modifier should be used for an intended application. With the exception of HELOXY Modifier 61, all HELOXY Modifiers have flash points greater than 200 F. While most of these products are not regulated by the U.S. Department of Transportation, many are skin and eye irritants. Material Safety Data Sheets are the appropriate source for identifying hazards. Shipping and safe handling information is summarized below in Table 5.
Table 5/Shipping and Safe Handling Information
Material HELOXY Modifier 7 HELOXY Modifier 8 CARDURA Glycidyl Ester E10 HELOXY Modifier 61 HELOXY Modifier 62 HELOXY Modifier 63 HELOXY Modifier 64 HELOXY Modifier 65 HELOXY Modifier 116 HELOXY Modifier 67 HELOXY Modifier 68 HELOXY Modifier 71 HELOXY Modifier 107 HELOXY Modifier 48 HELOXY Modifier 84 HELOXY Modifier 505
Flash point > 200 F > 200 F > 200 F 130 F > 200 F > 200 F > 200 F > 200 F > 200 F > 200 F > 200 F > 200 F > 200 F > 200 F > 200 F > 200 F
Physical hazard Moderate eye and skin irritant, possible sensitizer Moderate eye and skin irritant, possible sensitizer Moderate eye and skin irritant, possible sensitizer Severe eye and skin irritant, sensitizer Severe eye and skin irritant, sensitizer Severe eye and skin irritant, corrosive, possible sensitizer Moderate eye and skin irritant, possible sensitizer Moderate eye and skin irritant, possible sensitizer Severe eye, moderate skin irritant Severe eye and skin irritant, sensitizer Moderate eye and skin irritant, possible sensitizer Mild eye and skin irritant, mild sensitizer Moderate eye and skin irritant, possible sensitizer Severe eye, moderate skin irritant Possible skin and eye irritant Slight skin irritant, possible sensitizer
DOT proper shipping name Not regulated Not regulated Not regulated Flammable liquid, toxic, N.O.S. (Butyl Glycidyl Ether) Not regulated Corrosive liquid, N.O.S. (Phenyl Glycidyl Ether) Not regulated Not regulated Not regulated Not regulated Not regulated Not regulated Not regulated Not regulated Not regulated Not regulated
Page 7
Performance Characteristics
HELOXY Modifiers vary considerably in their effects upon system properties. Because of the many applications for epoxy resin systems, it is impractical to consider only one modifier for every application. Data contained in Table 6 (see page 9) indicate the range of properties available with an 80/20 weight blend of EPON Resin 828 and each HELOXY Modifier. Mechanical strength, HDT and chemical resistance properties were determined using triethylene tetramine (TETA) as a curative. Property determinations are of specimens taken from 1/8-inch thick sheet castings. Graphs 1-11 indicate results of these property measurements ranked from low to high. While the incorporation of a modifier usually detracts from the performance of an unmodified system, HELOXY Modifiers provide viscosity reduction with minimum sacrifice of performance properties. Typically, monofunctional modifiers are more efficient than polyfunctional modifiers with respect to viscosity reduction, whereas polyfunctional modifiers are better at maintaining performance properties. Figures 1, 2 and 3 on the following pages compare the relative efficiency of reducing the viscosity of EPON Resin 828. Graph 1 (see page 10) ranks HELOXY Modifiers according to dilution efficiency when incorporated at 20% concentration into EPON Resin 828. As data indicate, aliphatic monoepoxides such as HELOXY Modifier 61 and HELOXY Modifier 7 are the most efficient in viscosity reduction, whereas the polyfunctional modifiers are least efficient. Mixed system viscosities generally follow the same pattern as resin blend viscosities, but differences in combining ratios can induce variations. Graphs 1 and 2 (see pages 10 and 12, respectively) rank HELOXY Modifiers according to effects upon neat resin blend and mixed system viscosities.
Viscosity Reduction
Figure 1/Monofunctional HELOXY Modifiers Effects on System Viscosity
35 30 Percent modifier 25 20 15 10 5 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 Viscosity at 25 C, cP
HELOXY Modifier 7 HELOXY Modifier 8 HELOXY Modifier 61 HELOXY Modifier 116 CARDURA Glycidyl Ester E10
Page 8
Figure 2/Aromatic Monofunctional HELOXY Modifiers Effects on System Viscosity
40 35 Percent modifier 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 Viscosity at 25 C, cP
HELOXY Modifier 62 HELOXY Modifier 65 HELOXY Modifier 63 HELOXY Modifier 64
Figure 3/Polyfunctional HELOXY Modifiers Effects on System Viscosity
40 35 Percent modifier 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 Viscosity at 25 C, cP

HELOXY Modifier 67 HELOXY Modifier 68 HELOXY Modifier 107 HELOXY Modifier 48 HELOXY Modifier 84 HELOXY Modifier 505 HELOXY Modifier 71
Table 6/HELOXY Modifier Per formance Properties1
COMPOSITION 7 80 20 12.5 80 82 72 45 46 59 54 73 38 40 45 47 63 12.0 13.6 13.0 13.5 11.9 12.4 12.5 13.6 14.2 14.0 13.4 11.5 11.1 75 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 20 11.2 40 8 61 62 63 64 65 116 48 67 68 107 71 84 505 E10 80 20 12.3 74
REF.
HELOXY Modifier
EPON Resin 828
100
Modifier, phr
TETA, phr
Gel time, 360 560 215 1,060 865 3,150 2,350 442 3,450 875 1,415 2,050 3,200
44
100 grams at RT 5,000 3,120 995
Resin viscosity 245 330 166 500 400 1,300 905 320 1,310 507 725 1,090
13,250
at 25 C (77 F), cP 1,900 2,045 1,765 518
System viscosity, 55 6,680 9.2 23,460 12,762 0.91 1.41 0.57 0.51 0.6 0.72 0.92 14,258 20,867 20,519 18,472 20,618 13,605 17,806 0.92 32,610 30,330 38,640 25,770 30,410 32,950 33,030 8.9 7.4 6.3 6.4 5.4 6.5 6.6 4.1 6.6 37,130 17,185 1.23 6,582 6,504 11,350 11,120 10,640 11,750 7,060 10,450 10,120 56 53 69 71 74 74 59 99 91 77 10,300 6.1 32,820 17,549 0.94
at 25 C (77 F), cP 81 10,680 6.3 34,250 17,027 0.91 77 9,147 5.5 30,730 15,152 0.83 80 7,493 6.5 28,920 12,103 1.14 69 9,400 5.1 27,400 15,297 1.02 64 9,351 6 27,790 16,748 0.82
HDT, C
103
Tensile strength, psi
10,050
Tensile elongation, %
3.7
Compressive strength, psi 0.98
33,460
23,410
Flexural strength, psi
18,714
13,748
% Weight gain, 4.62 3.79 9.12 1.74 2.24 1.24 1.45 4.15
0.67
28 days/DI water 2.37 6.03 3.81 2.81 1.55 2.84 2.21 2.51
% Weight gain, 10.01 14.08 2.76 - 0.08 - 0.11 0.32 - 0.02
1.18
28 days/5% acetic acid 10.07 - 0.23 - 0.28 - 0.2 - 0.22 1.42 -0.02 2.02 2.74
Weight gain,
- 0.029
28 days/solvent
Cured with TETA one day at RT, plus 2 hours at 100 C. 50% Xylene/50% IPA mixture.
Page 9
Viscosity, cP
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
1000
0
100% EPON Resin 828 HELOXY Modifier 61
13250
Graph 1/Viscosity at 25 C (77 F) EPON Resin 828 Blended with Various HELOXY or CARDURA Products
Page 10
20% Polyepoxide
100% EPON Resin 828
20% Aliphatic Monoepoxide
20% Aromatic Monoepoxide
HELOXY Modifier 7
HELOXY Modifier 116
HELOXY Modifier 8
HELOXY Modifier 63
HELOXY Modifier 67
CARDURA Glycidyl Ester E10
HELOXY Modifier 62
HELOXY Modifier 68
HELOXY Modifier 107
HELOXY Modifier 65
HELOXY Modifier 505
HELOXY Modifier 64
HELOXY Modifier 71
HELOXY Modifier 48
HELOXY Modifier 84
Page 11
Reactivity
HELOXY Modifiers vary considerably in effects upon reactivity. Almost all tend to increase gel time relative to that of the unmodified system. HELOXY Modifiers based on aliphatic alcohols are inherently less reactive with conventional amine-based curing agents than those based on aromatic alcohols. For example, a system based on HELOXY Modifier 8 is significantly less reactive than the unmodified system, whereas HELOXY Modifier 63 exhibits reactivity similar to unmodified epoxy resin. Besides chemical type, epoxide concentration also significantly influences reactivity. Modifiers that have a low weight per epoxide exhibit significantly higher reactivity, and vice versa. It should be noted that, while reaction rates differ, heats of reaction with conventional curing agents do not significantly vary across modifier type or class. All glycidyl ethers liberate approximately 23,000 calories per gram mole of epoxide when reacted with amine curing agents. While reactivity can be measured in several ways, gel time of 100 grams at room temperature is a good method of measurement that does not require sophisticated analytical equipment. Graph 2 (see page 12) ranks the effect of various HELOXY Modifiers on gel time. While several techniques exist for measurement of thermal properties of epoxy resin systems, heat distortion temperature (HDT) is a widely used and valid method. This property is a measure of the maximum temperature achieved before a bar specimen stressed in flexure deflects by a specified amount when heated at a constant rate. For thermosetting plastics, this quantity is related to crosslink density within the plastic, and to molecular rigidity between crosslinking sites. Since high functionality typically indicates high crosslink density and low weight per epoxide, polyfunctional HELOXY Modifiers affect HDT less than the monofunctional modifiers. Aromatic modifiers, owing to rigidity of the aromatic nucleus, also detract less from HDT than do the aliphatic glycidyl ethers. Graph 3 (see page 13) compares the effects of various modifiers upon HDT values. Epoxy resin systems exhibit a range of mechanical strength characteristics, ranging in nature from brittle or cheesy to tough and horn-like. While the particular curing agent employed is the most important contributor to system properties, HELOXY Modifiers can strongly influence these characteristics. Performance properties are largely determined by molecular structure of the cured polymer network. Important factors are the ratio of total aromatic to aliphatic components, crosslink density and polar species present. In general, aromatic structures are more rigid than comparable aliphatic structures, while monoepoxides typically reduce crosslink density and overall mechanical strength properties. While general trends can be stated, firm rules on various cured-state properties are difficult to establish owing to a multitude of factors at work. Graphs 5-8 (see pages 15-18) rank the effects of HELOXY Modifiers upon tensile strength, tensile elongation, flexural strength and ultimate compressive strength.
Thermal Resistance Properties
Mechanical Strength Properties
Viscosity, cP
2000
2500
1000
1500
500
0
100% EPON Resin 828
Graph 2/Viscosity at 25 C (77 F) EPON Resin 828 Blended with Various HELOXY or CARDURA Products/ TETA
Page 12
20% Polyepoxide
HELOXY Modifier 7
HELOXY Modifier 116
HELOXY Modifier 8
HELOXY Modifier 63
HELOXY Modifier 62
HELOXY Modifier 67
HELOXY Modifier 68
HELOXY Modifier 65
HELOXY Modifier 107
HELOXY Modifier 64
HELOXY Modifier 48
HELOXY Modifier 505
HELOXY Modifier 71
HELOXY Modifier 84
Gel time, minutes
100
20
40
60
80
0
100% EPON Resin 828
Graph 3/Gel Time at 25 C (77 F) 100 g Mass of EPON Resin 828 Blended with Various HELOXY or CARDURA Products/TETA
Page 13
20% Polyepoxide
HELOXY Modifier 67
HELOXY Modifier 505
HELOXY Modifier 68
HELOXY Modifier 62
HELOXY Modifier 63
HELOXY Modifier 107
HELOXY Modifier 65
HELOXY Modifier 64
HELOXY Modifier 71
HELOXY Modifier 61
HELOXY Modifier 116
HELOXY Modifier 84
HELOXY Modifier 7
HELOXY Modifier 8
Temperature, C
100
120
20
40
60
80
0
100% EPON Resin 828
Graph 4/ Heat Deflection Temperature (HDT) of EPON Resin 828 Blended with Various HELOXY or CARDURA Products/TETA Cured 24 Hours at 25 C Followed by 2 Hours at 100 C
Page 14
20% Polyepoxide
HELOXY Modifier 7
HELOXY Modifier 8
HELOXY Modifier 116
HELOXY Modifier 62
HELOXY Modifier 505
HELOXY Modifier 63
HELOXY Modifier 64
HELOXY Modifier 65
HELOXY Modifier 71
HELOXY Modifier 68
HELOXY Modifier 84
HELOXY Modifier 107
HELOXY Modifier 67
HELOXY Modifier 48
Tensile strength, psi
10000
12000
2000
4000
6000
8000
0
Graph 5/ Tensile Strength of EPON Resin 828 Blended with Various HELOXY or CARDURA Products/TETA Cured 24 Hours at 25 C Followed by 2 Hours at 100 C
Page 15
20% Polyepoxide
100% EPON Resin 828
HELOXY Modifier 8
HELOXY Modifier 7
HELOXY Modifier 116
HELOXY Modifier 84
HELOXY Modifier 71
HELOXY Modifier 505
HELOXY Modifier 107
HELOXY Modifier 68
HELOXY Modifier 67
HELOXY Modifier 48
HELOXY Modifier 64
HELOXY Modifier 65
HELOXY Modifier 63
HELOXY Modifier 62
Percent elongation
10
0
Graph 6/ Tensile Elongation of EPON Resin 828 Blended with Various HELOXY or CARDURA Products/TETA Cured 24 Hours at 25 C Followed by 2 Hours at 100 C
Page 16
20% Polyepoxide
100% EPON Resin 828
HELOXY Modifier 505
HELOXY Modifier 64
HELOXY Modifier 71
HELOXY Modifier 68
HELOXY Modifier 62
HELOXY Modifier 107
HELOXY Modifier 63
HELOXY Modifier 65
HELOXY Modifier 84
HELOXY Modifier 116
HELOXY Modifier 67
HELOXY Modifier 61
HELOXY Modifier 8
HELOXY Modifier 7
Flexural strength, psi
25000
20000
10000
15000
5000
0
Graph 7/ Flexural Strength of EPON Resin 828 Blended with Various HELOXY or CARDURA Products/TETA Cured 24 Hours at 25 C Followed by 2 Hours at 100 C
Page 17
20% Polyepoxide
100% EPON Resin 828
HELOXY Modifier 8
HELOXY Modifier 116
HELOXY Modifier 7
HELOXY Modifier 61
HELOXY Modifier 71
HELOXY Modifier 505
HELOXY Modifier 107
HELOXY Modifier 67
HELOXY Modifier 68
HELOXY Modifier 48
HELOXY Modifier 64
HELOXY Modifier 63
HELOXY Modifier 65
HELOXY Modifier 62
Compressive strength, psi
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
5000
0
100% EPON Resin 828
Graph 8/ Compressive Strength of EPON Resin 828 Blended with Various HELOXY or CARDURA Products/TETA Cured 24 Hours at 25 C Followed by 2 Hours at 100 C
Page 18
20% Polyepoxide
HELOXY Modifier 8
HELOXY Modifier 64
HELOXY Modifier 505
HELOXY Modifier 84
HELOXY Modifier 62
HELOXY Modifier 65
HELOXY Modifier 71
HELOXY Modifier 61
HELOXY Modifier 68
HELOXY Modifier 116
HELOXY Modifier 48
HELOXY Modifier 107
HELOXY Modifier 67
HELOXY Modifier 63
Page 19
Chemical Resistance Properties
As with thermal and mechanical properties, chemical composition and molecular architecture largely determine chemical resistance properties of epoxy systems. However, a few guidelines can be stated. Water resistance is directly related to hydrocarbon content and the relative absence of polar groups, while solvent resistance is more of a function of high crosslink density. Acid and alkali resistance is more related to curing agent type than to HELOXY Modifier type, but differences can be observed. Graphs 9-11 (see pages 20-22) rank HELOXY Modifiers according to resistance to water, 5% acetic acid or a solvent mixture composed of 50 percent isopropyl alcohol and 50 percent xylene. Using rank ordering of performance properties, selection of the appropriate modifier for a prospective application can be conveniently accomplished. Table 7 (see page 23) is a ranking chart intended to aid in this exercise. Table 7 ranks HELOXY Modifiers from best to worst (highest to lowest) performer according to a numerical scale. In this scale, the best performer is assigned the lowest number. The HELOXY Modifier Selection Guide Worksheets (see pages 24-27) are designed to help the user select a HELOXY Modifier to meet his/her specific applications needs. To use the HELOXY Modifier Selection Guide Worksheets, the user must first determine properties of interest from the available set. High performance for all properties listed is not necessarily required for every application. Once the preferred property list is determined, the user simply sums each row and enters a total in the Sum column. Each HELOXY Modifier can then be assigned a relative ranking for the property set of interest based on the sum. Again, lower numbers reflect higher performance. As described, all factors are weighed equally. If desired, weights may be assigned to any item of interest. For example, if water resistance is judged to be twice as important as HDT, the user should multiply the water resistance factor by 2, then sum and rank the order as previously indicated. The selection guide can be extended to include other important properties not currently listed, such as shipping and handling characteristics. To do this, the user would first construct a ranking of the desired characteristic using appropriate criteria, then complete the chart as described. The selection guide also works well in the form of a computerized spreadsheet file.
HELOXY Modifier Selection Guide
Percent weight gain 0.0

0.3
0.6
0.9
1.2
1.5
Graph 9/ Weight Gain (Water 28 Day Immersion) of EPON Resin 828 Blended with Various HELOXY or CARDURA Products/TETA Cured 24 Hours at 25 C Followed by 2 Hours at 100 C
Page 20
20% Polyepoxide
100% EPON Resin 828
HELOXY Modifier 62
HELOXY Modifier 64
HELOXY Modifier 65
HELOXY Modifier 71
HELOXY Modifier 8
HELOXY Modifier 107
HELOXY Modifier 116
HELOXY Modifier 48
HELOXY Modifier 68
HELOXY Modifier 7
HELOXY Modifier 505
HELOXY Modifier 84
HELOXY Modifier 67
HELOXY Modifier 61
Percent weight gain
10
0
100% EPON Resin 828
Graph 10/ Weight Gain (5% Acetic Acid 28 Day Immersion) of EPON Resin 828 Blended with Various HELOXY or CARDURA Products/TETA Cured 24 Hours at 25 C Followed by 2 Hours at 100 C
Page 21
20% Polyepoxide
HELOXY Modifier 65
HELOXY Modifier 71
HELOXY Modifier 62
HELOXY Modifier 505
HELOXY Modifier 63
HELOXY Modifier 48
HELOXY Modifier107
HELOXY Modifier 84
HELOXY Modifier 8
HELOXY Modifier 68
HELOXY Modifier 116
HELOXY Modifier 7
HELOXY Modifier 67
HELOXY Modifier 61
Percent weight gain
12
15
-3
- 0.029 100% EPON Resin 828 - 0.28 HELOXY Modifier 67
Graph 11/ Weight Gain (50/50 IPA/Xylene 28 Day Immersion) of EPON Resin 828 Blended with Various HELOXY or CARDURA Products/TETA Cured 24 Hours at 25 C Followed by 2 Hours at 100 C
Page 22
20% Polyepoxide
100% EPON Resin 828
- 0.23
HELOXY Modifier 48
- 0.22
HELOXY Modifier 107
- 0.20
HELOXY Modifier 68
- 0.11
HELOXY Modifier 63
- 0.08
HELOXY Modifier 62
- 0.02
HELOXY Modifier 65
- 0.02
HELOXY Modifier 84
HELOXY Modifier 64
HELOXY Modifier 71
HELOXY Modifier 505
HELOXY Modifier 61
HELOXY Modifier 7
HELOXY Modifier 116
HELOXY Modifier 8
Table 7/HELOXY Modifier Property Ranking1
Product 2 16 15 12 4 7 10 1 14 9 7 6 11 13 6 9 8 13 9 5 15 10 11 16 8 14 10 2 6 8 11 3 5 13 10 16 2 1 3 4 15 11 6 14 8 9 13 5 7 11 8 7 16 4 6 1 2 15 12 3 10 9 13 5 12 14 4 7 15 1 8 5 13 11 6 9 14 16 10 3 12 3 14 12 3 13 7 11 3 14 16 4 12 10 15 6 11 4 9 5 7 2 7 2 6 4 8 10 7 3 7 2 9 12 8 4 14 4 6 5 9 2 8 3 5 6 11 1 10 1 11 1 16 16 3 12 1 13 1 5 16 5 13 7 12 10 12 9 16 4 14 15 2 15 15 2 15 14 1 13
Viscosity reduction
Compressive
Reactivity strength
Mixed system viscosity HDT Tensile strength Elongation Water resist. Acid resist. Flexural strength 14 16 12 2 13 6 5 9 7 1 4 10 8 3 15 11
Solvent resist.
HELOXY Modifier 7
HELOXY Modifier 8
HELOXY Modifier 48
HELOXY Modifier 61
HELOXY Modifier 62
HELOXY Modifier 63
HELOXY Modifier 64
HELOXY Modifier 65
HELOXY Modifier 67
HELOXY Modifier 68
HELOXY Modifier 71
HELOXY Modifier 84
HELOXY Modifier 107
HELOXY Modifier 116
HELOXY Modifier 505
Rank Ordering
Highest (Best) = 1
Lowest (Worst) = 16
Page 23
HELOXY Modifier Selection Guide Worksheet
Product
Viscosity reduction
Compressive
Reactivity
Mixed system viscosity HDT Elongation strength Tensile strength Water resist. Other Sum Acid resist. Flexural strength Solvent resist.
Rank
HELOXY Modifier 7 16 13 7 12 12 5 8 12 10 9 12 4 2 15 7 11 14 15 15 16
15
2 1 16 12 14
15
14
13
14
HELOXY Modifier 8
CARDURA Glycidyl Ester E10 1 11 5 6 9 8 2 4 10 14 7 12 3 14 10 9 3 13 13 11 3 8 9 5 15 16 6 4 12 15 13 6 11 9 11 5 7 6 11 16 8 14 10 7 4 2 6 7 10 7 7 3 2 9 2 6 8 11 3 5 13 12 14 14 8 4 4 5 8 1 9 2 3 1 3 4 15 11 6 14 8 9 13 6 10 10 2 11 1 1 1 3 7 16 16 16 12 16 4 6 1 2 15 12 3 10 9 13 5 13 16 4 10 7 1 5 5 2 13 6 5 9 7 1 4 10 8 3 15 11
HELOXY Modifier 48
15
HELOXY Modifier 61
HELOXY Modifier 62
HELOXY Modifier 63
HELOXY Modifier 64
13
HELOXY Modifier 65
11
HELOXY Modifier 67
HELOXY Modifier 68
HELOXY Modifier 71
14
HELOXY Modifier 84
16
HELOXY Modifier 107
10
HELOXY Modifier 116
HELOXY Modifier 505
12
Rank Ordering
Highest (Best) = 1
Lowest (Worst) = 16
Page 24
Product
Viscosity reduction
Compressive
Reactivity Elongation strength
Mixed system viscosity HDT Tensile strength Water resist. Other Sum Acid resist. Flexural strength Solvent resist.
Rank
HELOXY Modifier 7 16 2 12 9 12 8 5 12 15 11 13 7 12 10 4 14 15 15 7 16
2 1 16 14
15
15
14
13
12
14
HELOXY Modifier 8
HELOXY Modifier 48
15
HELOXY Modifier 61
HELOXY Modifier 62
HELOXY Modifier 63
HELOXY Modifier 64
13
HELOXY Modifier 65
11
HELOXY Modifier 67
HELOXY Modifier 68
HELOXY Modifier 71
14
HELOXY Modifier 84
16
HELOXY Modifier 107
10
HELOXY Modifier 116
HELOXY Modifier 505
12
Rank Ordering
Highest (Best) = 1
Lowest (Worst) = 16
Page 25
Product
Viscosity reduction
Compressive
Rank
HELOXY Modifier 7 16 2 12 9 12 8 5 12 15 11 13 7 12 10 4 14 15 15 7 16
2 1 16 14
15
15
14
13
12
14
HELOXY Modifier 8
HELOXY Modifier 48
15
HELOXY Modifier 61
HELOXY Modifier 62
HELOXY Modifier 63
HELOXY Modifier 64
13
HELOXY Modifier 65
11
HELOXY Modifier 67
HELOXY Modifier 68
HELOXY Modifier 71
14
HELOXY Modifier 84
16
HELOXY Modifier 107
10
HELOXY Modifier 116
HELOXY Modifier 505
12
Rank Ordering
Highest (Best) = 1
Lowest (Worst) = 16
Page 26
Product
Viscosity reduction
Compressive
Rank
HELOXY Modifier 7 16 2 12 9 12 8 5 12 15 11 13 7 12 10 4 14 15 15 7 16
2 1 16 14
15
15
14
13
12
14
HELOXY Modifier 8
HELOXY Modifier 48
15
HELOXY Modifier 61
HELOXY Modifier 62
HELOXY Modifier 63
HELOXY Modifier 64
13
HELOXY Modifier 65
11
HELOXY Modifier 67
HELOXY Modifier 68
HELOXY Modifier 71
14
HELOXY Modifier 84
16
HELOXY Modifier 107
10
HELOXY Modifier 116
HELOXY Modifier 505
12
Rank Ordering
Highest (Best) = 1
Lowest (Worst) = 16
Page 27
Resolution Performance Products P.O. Box 4500 Houston, Texas 77210-4500 For product prices, availability, or order placement, call our toll-free customer service number at:
1.877.859.2800
For sales in North and South America outside the United States, call:
1.832.366.2365
For literature and technical assistance, visit our website at:
www.resins.com
SAFETY & HANDLING These products are capable of producing adverse health effects ranging from minor skin irritation to serious systemic effects. Exposure to these materials should be minimized and avoided, if feasible, through the observance of proper precautions, use of appropriate engineering controls and proper personal protective clothing and equipment, and adherence to proper handling procedures. None of these materials should be used, stored, or transported until the handling precautions and recommendations as stated in the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for these and all other products being used are understood by all persons who will work with them. Questions and requests for information on Resolution Performance Products LLC (RPPLLC) products should be directed to your RPPLLC sales representative, or the nearest RPPLLC sales office. Information and MSDSs on non-RPPLLC products should be obtained from the respective manufacturer. WARRANTY NOTHING CONTAINED HEREIN CONSTITUTES AN OFFER FOR THE SALE OF ANY PRODUCT. ALL PRODUCTS SUPPLIED BY RESOLUTION PERFORMANCE PRODUCTS LLC (RPPLLC) ARE SUBJECT TO THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF THE APPLICABLE SALES CONTRACT AND NOTHING CONTAINED HEREIN SHALL AMEND OR MODIFY ANY SUCH CONTRACT. SUBJECT TO THE FOREGOING, RPPLLC WARRANTS ONLY THAT ITS PRODUCTS WILL MEET SPECIFICATIONS SET FORTH IN THE APPLICABLE SALES CONTRACT. RPPLLC MAKES NO OTHER WARRANTIES, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WITH RESPECT TO ITS PRODUCTS OR THE RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED FROM THE USE THEREOF, OR WITH RESPECT TO ANY INFORMATION PROVIDED BY RPPLLC, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION THAT ANY PRODUCT WILL BE MERCHANTABLE OR FIT FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE USE OF ANY PRODUCT OR INFORMATION PROVIDED BY RPPLLC WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY PATENT OR OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS. ALL SUCH WARRANTIES ARE HEREBY DISCLAIMED AND EXCLUDED.
2002 Resolution Performance Products LLC. All rights reserved. Printed in the U.S.A.
SC:3037-01 08/02 1.5M
E P I KOT E
EPON
E P I KURE
EPI-REZ
H E LOX Y
C A R D U R A
V E O VA

SC3037

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SC:3037-01 / HELOXY Modifier Selection Guide

Classification and Properties of HELOXY Modifiers

SC:3037-01 / HELOXY Modifier Selection Guide

Table 1/ Aliphatic Monofunctional HELOXY and CARDURA Modifiers

Product CARDURA Glycidyl Ester E10

Weight per epoxide

Table 2/Aromatic Monofunctional HELOXY Modifiers

O O CH2 CH CH2 O O CH2 CH CH2

HELOXY Modifier 116

O CH3 (CH2)3 CH CH2 O CH2 CH CH2

O CH3 (CH2)2 CH2 O CH2 CH CH2

Weight per epoxide

SC:3037-01 / HELOXY Modifier Selection Guide

Table 3/Polyfunctional HELOXY Modifiers

Weight per epoxide

O CH O (CH2 CH O)8 CH2 CH CH2

O CH2 O (CH2 CH O)8 CH2 CH CH2

HELOXY Modifier 505

CH2 O C (CH2) 7 CH=CH CH2 CH (CH2) 5 CH3

CH O C (CH2) 7 CH=CH CH2 CH (CH2) 5 CH3 O O O CH2 CH CH2

CH2 O C (CH2) 7 CH=CH CH2 CH (CH2) 5 CH3 O O O CH2 CH CH2

HELOXY Modifier 107

O CH2 CH CH2 O CH2

O CH2 O CH2 CH CH2

O CH2 O (CH2 CH O)8 CH2 CH CH2

O O CH2 CH CH2 O CH2 C(CH3) 2 CH2 O CH2 CH CH2

O O CH2 CH CH2 O CH2 (CH2) 2 CH2 O CH2 CH CH2

SC:3037-01 / HELOXY Modifier Selection Guide

Table 4/HELOXY Modifier Acronyms

SC:3037-01 / HELOXY Modifier Selection Guide

Shipping and Safe Handling Information

Table 5/Shipping and Safe Handling Information

SC:3037-01 / HELOXY Modifier Selection Guide

Figure 1/Monofunctional HELOXY Modifiers Effects on System Viscosity

SC:3037-01 / HELOXY Modifier Selection Guide

Figure 2/Aromatic Monofunctional HELOXY Modifiers Effects on System Viscosity

Figure 3/Polyfunctional HELOXY Modifiers Effects on System Viscosity

40 35 Percent modifier 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 Viscosity at 25 C, cP

Table 6/HELOXY Modifier Per formance Properties1

EPON Resin 828

SC:3037-01 / HELOXY Modifier Selection Guide

100 grams at RT 5,000 3,120 995

at 25 C (77 F), cP 1,900 2,045 1,765 518

Tensile strength, psi

Compressive strength, psi 0.98

Flexural strength, psi

% Weight gain, 10.01 14.08 2.76 - 0.08 - 0.11 0.32 - 0.02

SC:3037-01 / HELOXY Modifier Selection Guide

100% EPON Resin 828

20% Aliphatic Monoepoxide

20% Aromatic Monoepoxide

HELOXY Modifier 116

CARDURA Glycidyl Ester E10

HELOXY Modifier 107

HELOXY Modifier 505

SC:3037-01 / HELOXY Modifier Selection Guide

Thermal Resistance Properties

Mechanical Strength Properties

100% EPON Resin 828

SC:3037-01 / HELOXY Modifier Selection Guide

20% Aliphatic Monoepoxide

20% Aromatic Monoepoxide

HELOXY Modifier 116