New word pattern drainage

mu, m hnh Mng li sng ngi a hnh Thnh phn, kt cu Nm di S hnh thnh C hnh cy, dng cy

were going to discuss the 4 major types of patterns theyre determined by the climate, the topography and the composition of the rock that underlies the formations the most familiar pattern is the dendritic drainage pattern

New Word recall arrangement channel Draw conclusion relief

Nh li Sp xp Knh, ng, mng Rt ra kt lun a hnh

youll recall that a drainage pattern is the arrangement of channels we can draw conclusions about the structural formation and relief of the land as well as the climate In addition to the structure of a tree, it also resembles the human circulation system

topography composition underlie formation dendritic

In addition to st resemble circulation system is referred to radial uplift direction slope isolate

Ngoi ra Tng t, ging H tun hon mu Nhc n, ni n, Ta ra t tm S nng ln Chiu, hng, ng Sn dc, ch dc c lp, tch bit, bit lp Gc vung Ch r, ch ngot Xi mn y, lp nn, a tng Hnh thnh, to thnh Lp nn

fairly

kh

the overall length of any one branch is fairly short It kind of looks like the spokes that radiate out from the hub of a wheel

This drainage pattern is referred to as a radial pattern you know that the area has experienced uplift and that the direction of the drainage is down the slopes of a relatively isolated central point

kind of spoke radiate hub wheel rectangular

Phn no, i cht Nan hoa Xe ra Trc, trung tm Bnh xe Hnh ch nht

Be typical of

fracture Joint (N) fault tributary drain

c trng c th ca, tiu biu cho Rn nt, gy Khe nt S t on Nhnh sng Rt i

This is called a rectangular pattern and I think you can see why The rectangle patterns typical of a landscape thats been formed by fractured joints and faults

right-angle turn erode bed carve bedrock Joint (V) band Resistant to erosion A alternate with B dictate

Just look at all those right-angle turns because this broken rock is eroded more easily than unbroken rock, stream beds are carved along the jointed bedrock

trellis

Gin mt co

here in this example you can see quite clearly how the tributaries of an almost parallel structure drain into valleys and form the appearance of a garden trellis This often happens when a horizontal plain folds and outcroppings appear

Chu c, khng c c S xi mn Ht A li n B, B xy ra sau A Sai khin, quy nh, iu khin

I mean that the bands of rock that are very strong and resistant to erosion alternate with bands of rock that are weak and easily eroded

horizontal plain fold

Nm ngang ng bng, khu t Gp li

So, as I said, as a whole, the patterns are dictated by the structure and relief of the land

outcropping occasionally

Hot ng tri ln, nh ln Thnh thong

sync

S ng b ha

I should also mention that drainage patterns can occasionally appear to be, well, out of sync with the landscape

course

ng i, hng

the pattern appears to be contrary to the expected course of the stream

Drawing

V tranh, hi ha

Drawing is a very basic art form

appealing envision

Li cun, hp dn Hnh dung, mng tng Bc phc ha Hnh dung, mng tng Quy m, kch c, kh

visual aid

inspiration later on rendering Conceive of in its entirety

Phng tin nhn ( dy hc, ngm,..) S cm hng Trong tng lai, sau khi Bn tch, bn chia nh Ngh ra, tng tng ra Trn vn, hon ton

a drawing can serve as a visual aid for the artist to remember a certain moment of inspiration and maybe use it for a more detailed work later on And large renderings, sketches of parts of the whole, these can be helpful in the creative process when a huge image might be more difficult to conceive of in its entirety

sketch visualize proportions

Its appealing because it can be used to make a very quick record of the ideas that an artist may be envisioning such sketches allow the artist to visualize the proportions and the shapes without much attention to details

face crowd

m ng

Or, a sketch of just one face in a crowd can allow the artist to focus on creating just that part of the image in many artists studios, countless drawings are strewn about as the final painting or sculpture takes form Its rare, in fact, for an artist to use permanent materials to begin a piece of art architects are especially prone to sketches because, of course, there buildings are so large that an image in smaller scale is necessary to the imagination and implementation of such projects some artists who later achieve recognition, still continue to use this practice to hone their skills or . . . or simply to pay homage to another artist, as is often the case

countless strew take form About (adv)

V s, v k Tri (tri thm) C hnh dng, hnh thi, Khp xung quanh C nh, thng xuyn

insight

S thu hiu, hiu bit su sc Tranh sn du Pht, bi Cht nhum, phm mu Hn na

And this gives us insight in the creative process And some painters, for example, even sketch onto the surfaces of canvas before applying the pigments Drawing has several other functions besides as a temporary reference By copying the great works, especially of the Old Masters, aspiring artists could learn a lot about proportion, how to capture light and shadow and so forth

Permanent (adj)

canvas apply pigments besides

Prone to scale

Ng v, thin v T l, quy m

imagination

reference Aspire after/to so forth/on

S tham kho C tham vng l, khao kht Vn vn

implementation recognition practice hone pay homage to sb

Tr tng tng, kh nng sng to S thc hin, thi hnh S tha nhn, s cng nhn Thi quen, thong l Ci tin T lng knh trng

come to mind

Le ra, ny ra

One that comes to mind is the Study of Michelangelos Bound Slave by Edgar Degas

Medium of

Phng tin truyn t cho

Marble (adj) Sketchpad/ sketch-book

Ging cm thch V nhp

preserve real-time account

Bo tn, lu gi Bn miu t

cite take guillotine cart

Trch dn, vin dn a, dn n My chm Xe ko (bng nga, b)

The original by Michelangelo was a marble sculpture that was, oh, about seven feet in height, but the small drawing was made in a sketchpad prior to the use of photographs to record historical events, a quick drawing by an artist was about the only way to preserve a realtime visual account of an important moment Probably the most often cited example of a sketch that preserved an historical record would be the small drawing of Marie Antoinette as she was taken to the guillotine in a cart through the streets of Paris Some critics have argued that he was just laughing at the art world, which was willing to pay outrageous sums for anything with his name on it what Im saying is that drawing when its elevated to a finished piece, it must be done with confidence and it must show a high degree of creativity and mastery of the art form it harkens back to the beginnings of art itself, when some unknown artist must have stuck a finger in the earth to draw an image You can do the first one

serve

p ng, tha mn

when a work of art originally created in another medium like a sculpture . . . when its recreated in the form of a drawing What additional purposes might be served by the medium of drawing?

render

Din t, nu ra

Although a more permanent visual impression might be rendered later, it would be based on memory and not on the artists actual observation Jacques-Louis David sketched this famous drawing on a piece of paper about the size of the palm of his hand But the sketchbook has . . . other possibilities. Sometimes a drawing is the final execution of the art think about how difficult it really is to produce a quick drawing with a few lines and, uh, no opportunity to . . . to recreate the original, either by painting it out or remodeling the clay or changing the building materials, or . . . or any of the other methods for revision of a finished artistic work that artists have at their disposal

palm

Lng bn tay

sketchbook execution

V nhp Biu din, th hin ng, nt Tu sa, lm li Cht to hnh S sa li C sn cho h ty s dng bt c lc no

Willing to

Mun, sn sng Xc phm, lng nhc, S tin Nng (gi tr, a v,) S t tin Cp , trnh S tinh thng, thnh tho Lng nghe

lines remodel clay revision At their disposal

outrageous sum elevate confidence degree Mastery of st Harken to Hearken to

assignment

Bi tp v nh

stroke

Nt v, n

crayon

Bt ch mu

refer

Tham kho,

as a first assignment, I want you to make a couple of sketches yourself I just want you to use a few basic strokes to capture an image well refer to your

chalk charcoal

Phn Ch than

in pencil, crayon, ink, chalk, or even charcoal . . . whatever you like

xem, nhc n

sketches as examples

mixed-up go over selfexplanatory selfexplaining home country staff gradually Move st into st host country national

Bi ri, lung tng Kim tra, xem li R rng, khng cn gii thch g thm

I got a little mixed-up when I started to go over my notes from the last class Thats fairly selfexplanatory

Shoot! source of personnel

Ni i! Ngun nhn lc

staffing pattern

M hnh qun tr nhn lc

Nc ngun, nc u t B tr nhn s vo v tr T t, dn dn em, xp ci g t vo a im mi Nc nhn u t Kiu dn, kiu bo (Vit kiu) B nhim, phn cng Cp cao Chu trch nhim trc ai, c quan, hi ng Nhn ra ang lm g m khng c nh, k hoch Ngi sng xa qu hng, ngi xa x

one pattern is to rely on home country managers to staff the key positions when the company opens, but gradually moving more host country nationals into upper management as the company grows

indefinitely

Mp m, khng r rng

I understand the three basic sources of personnel for multinational companies staffing patterns may vary depending on the length of time that the multinational company has been operating but in a developing country, then home country nationals manage the company sort of indefinitely they might send Swiss management to provide leadership for a Swiss company in Zimbabwe Many Scottish or English managers have been hired for top management positions at United States subsidiaries companies in the United States view overseas assignments as temporary generalities are always a little tricky, but for the most part, that would be a typical scenario

send Leadership

ui, tng kh B phn lnh o Cng ty con

subsidiary

assign senior-level Report to sb/st

companies tend to assign senior-level home country managers to overseas locations they may actually find themselves reporting to a senior-level manager from the host country

assignment View st as st generality

Nhim v Coi ci g nh Ci chung chung, tng qut Kh khn Kch bn, vin cnh V mt Trch nhim, nhim v

tricky scenario

Find yourself doing st

expatriate

Because living as a permanent expatriate is a career move in Japan, but a temporary strategy in the United States

in terms of commitment Go in

I wasnt thinking in terms of living abroad for my entire career. That really is a huge commitment, and something to ask about going in

diameter grapefruit

ng knh Qu bi

yard

1 thc =

the Sun is about five inches in diameter and thats about the size of a large grapefruit wed have to walk

Mercury Venus Mars Jupiter Saturn

Sao Thy Sao Kim Sao Ha Sao Mc Sao Th

graduate dormitory mile orbit

0,914m K tc x cho sinh vin sau i hc 1 dm = 1,6 km Qu o

lead sharpen

Ngi ch Vt nhn, gt

another 75 yards which would take us all the way to the graduate dormitory towers wed end up about one third of a mile want you to think about the orbits of the planets in those locations most of the planets are smaller than the lead on a sharpened pencil Even though I knew the distances intellectually I dont think it would have captured it anyway

Uranus Neptune Pluto orbit Comfortably A scattering of asteroid comet eye-opener

intellectually

V mt tr tu, tr thc, kin thc

Coast

Sao Thin Vng Sao Hi Vng Sao Dim Vng Di chuyn theo qu o thoi mi 1 lng nh ri rc Hnh tinh nh Sao chi Gy ngc nhin, m rng tm mt B bin

Clearly, the first four planets could orbit fairly comfortably in this room there are some moons around a few planets, and a scattering universe of asteroids and comets Its an eye-opener

hike

i b ng di

we have to hike all the way to the West Coast

Milky Way Galaxy

Di Ngn H

accommodate

Cung cp phng

enormous emptiness

To ln, khng l Trng rng

the surface of the Earth wouldnt be large enough to accommodate a model at the scale of 1 to 10 billion. Well, for one thing, the enormous distances and the vast emptiness in space defense mechanisms protect us from bringing painful thoughts or feelings to the surface of our consciousness The function of defense mechanisms is to keep from being overwhelmed I think repression is an unconscious response hes treated you unfairly in some way could cause you to lose your scholarship Maybe he failed you on an examination that didnt really cover the material that hed gone over in class, and an F

To be off

Here we are on the East Coast of the United States To make a model of the Milky Way Galaxy would require a completely different scale This is important because you can be off by almost 100 billion

appreciate universe

Hiu r gi tr V tr

also begin to appreciate the fact that the Earth isnt the center of the universe our minds simply cant tolerate these thoughts we repress the real problem And theres a huge distinction between repression and suppression were trying to repress may include, just to mention a few, anger, depression, competition, uh . . . fear, envy, hate, and so on you might employ to repress the feelings of disappointment, rage perhaps, and . . . and even violence

defense mechanism consciousness

C ch t v thc

tolerate repress

Chu ng Ngn chn, n p, kim ch S kim ch, s nn li S t nn li, kim ch S chn nn S k, ghen t

overwhelm

p o, ln t

repression suppression depression envy

unconscious treat scholarship

V tnh, khng thc i x Hc bng

fail go over sponsor

nh trt n tp Nh ti tr

employ rage

S dng S gin d, thnh n

rationalization come up with

S hp l ha a ra, pht hin ra

grade in the course is going to be unacceptable to your sponsors in rationalization, you come up with some reasons why the professor might have given an unfair test another example of rationalizing is to excuse the sponsor for refusing to hear your side of the situation I hate him for destroy depriving me of my opportunity that brings us to projection, which is a defense mechanism that tricks your mind into believing that someone else is guilty of the negative thought or feeling that you have displacement serves as a defense mechanism when a less threatening person or object is substituted for the person or object thats really the cause of your anxiety regression, which includes immature behaviors that are no longer appropriate, like, uh, maybe expressing temper in the same way that a preschooler might respond to having a toy snatched away

revoke

Rt li, hy b, thu hi

you could tell your friends that theyd never revoke your scholarship Because youd be rationalizing providing a reason that justifies an otherwise mentally intolerable situation If you use a reaction formation as a defense mechanism, youll proclaim the opposite of your feelings you might insist that you have no hard feelings So you would project attribute your feelings to someone else instead of confronting the professor about the unfair test, you might direct your anger toward the friend fantasy, which includes daydreaming or watching television maybe to escape the problems at school

justify otherwise mentally intolerable reaction proclaim

Excuse sb/st for st

Th li cho ai/ci g v vic g

Bo cha khc V mt tinh thn Qu qut Phn ng, phn x Tuyn b

Deprive sb/st of st projection Trick sb into st Be guilty of negative

Ly i ci g ca ai/ci g

insist

Khn khng

La ai lm g C li v, chu trch nhim v Tiu cc

project Attribute st to sb/st Confront sb Direct sb/st to/toward

Hng, chiu Quy ci g cho ai/ci g ng u vi Hng ai/ci g vo

displacement Substitute for sb/st anxiety

S thay i, thay th Thay th cho ai/ ci g S lo lng, bn khon S thoi lui Non nt, tr con Khng cn na Thch hp Tnh tnh Tr cha n tui i hc V ly

fantasy daydreaming escape

Kh nng tng tng S m mng ho huyn Trn trnh, thot Nh tm l hc thn kinh

regression immature no longer appropriate temper preschooler snatch

cognitive psychologist

broad perspective excite coping skill

R rng, khi qut Quan im, cch nhn Gy hng th K nng i ph, ng u

cognitive psychologists showed a renewed interest in research in this area youll find that Freud is easier to understand and gives us a broader perspective What is exciting about the modern studies is the focus on coping skills

name

Some of the possibilities include batteries, methanol, natural gas, and, well, you name it ng c, mt. my Like batteries, fuel cells run on electric motors

Fuel cell radical departure conventional combustion fundamental

motor

Pin nhin liu C bn, gc r L trnh Kiu thng, c t chy C bn

Now fuel cells represent a radical departure from the conventional internal combustion engine and even a fairly fundamental change from electric battery power

Be with sb

C th hiu iu ai ang ni Cp nng lng Chy bng X t Khi nim

Are you with me

Potential (N) revolutionize

Kh nng, tim lc Cch mng ha tm quc t c lit, d di Thng mi ha S tc nghn, nh tr Bao gm 2 phn

power powered automobile concept

the goal of fuel cell technology is the introduction of fuel cell powered vehicles I guess all of the leading automobile manufacturers worldwide have concept cars that use fuel cells the infrastructure to, uh, support the fueling of the cars But, unfortunately, major funding efforts get interrupted gasoline driven buses have been replaced with fuel cell the private sector will combine efforts with government agencies in the public sector the STEP program which is an acronym for the Sustainable Transportation Energy Program Japan leads the way in addressing the issues of modifying the infrastructure when a nationwide system is completed

Internationally fierce commercialize holdup twofold

its obvious that fuel cell technology has the potential to revolutionize the energy industry Internationally, the competition is fierce to commercialize fuel cell cars whats the holdup the problem in introducing fuel cell technology is really twofold were going to achieve a successful transition to fuel cell products the funding dries up

fuel

Cung cp nhin liu Qu ti tr S c gng xng Ph thuc Khu vc, lnh vc

transition

S chuyn tip

funding effort gasoline Driven (adj) sector

Dry up

Cn sch, cn ro Nh my lc, nh my tinh ch (du, ng)

refinery

I think that British Petroleum is the supplier of the hydrogen fuel, which is produced at an oil refinery in Kwinana, south of Perth Another collaborative research effort is being undertaken by the European Union and the United States Several fueling stations that dispense hydrogen by the cubic meter are already in place fleets of vehicles have significant advantages for the introduction of fuel cell powered transportation

Sustainable

collaborative undertake

C tnh hp tc m nhn

modify

Thay i

dispense cubic meter place fleet

nationwide

Ton quc

Phn pht, phn phi Mt khi Ch thch hp i, on (tu, xe,..)

Humanism position philosophical dignity

movement Associate with The

Quan im Theo trit hc Phm cht khin ngi khc tn trng; chn gi tr Phong tro Lin kt, kt hp Phong tro ci

Humanism is a philosophical position that places the dignity of the individual at the center of its movement

principle rational predisposition

Nguyn l/tc Sng sut Khuynh hng thin v

a primary principle of humanism is that human beings are rational and have an innate predisposition for good

humanism is associated with the beginning of the Reformation

innate measure echo

Bm sinh Tiu chun nh gi Nhc li, lp li

mankind was the measure of all things. this idea was echoed by

Reformation ideal

cch tn gio Ty u TK 16 Chun mc

Sophocles Man as the ideal at the center of all creation in a sense personification The deity exalt clergy dissemination theologian Scholar set the stage for st Renaissance harmony balance Contrast with Theo 1 cch no S hin thn Cha Tri cao Gii tu s, tng l S ph bin Nh thn hc Hc gi Chun b cho ci g Thi k phc hng S hi ha S cn i Tng phn vi, tri ngc vi Thi trung c Hnh v ngi Lm mu To nh ngi tht ng tin cy And, in a sense, isnt this personification of the deity just another way to exalt human beings As the clergy and upper classes participated in the rediscovery and dissemination of classical literature, humanism became popular among theologians and scholars, and soon set the stage for the Renaissance Art returned to the classical principles of harmony and balance a scale that contrasted with the Medieval Gothic buildings of the previous era nude figures were modeled in life-sized images

rediscovery translation Manuscript coincide with printing press catalyst

S khm ph li Gii thch Tc phm vit tay Xy ra cng lc vi My in Cht xc tc

it was precisely the rediscovery and translation of classical manuscripts that coincided with the invention of printing presses around the mid15th century, which provided a catalyst for the humanistic movement throughout Europe we see both religious and secular buildings styled after ancient Roman designs Public works such as bridges and aqueducts from the Roman occupation were repaired, restored, or rebuilt realism became the standard for painting, with a preference for naturalistic settings and the placement of figures in . . . realistic proportion to those settings Dancing increased in popularity with a concurrent trend toward music that had rhythm and invited movement as a pleasurable activity

secular Style after

C M phng phong cch Cng dn nc Thng tr

aqueduct occupation

Medieval figure model life-sized

realism Preference for st setting placement Increase in concurrent rhythm invite pleasurable To be true to faithful

Ch ngha hin thc S thch hn. a thch S b tr S b tr Tng v phng din Xy ra, tn ti cng lc vi Nhp iu em li Mang li s thch th Trung thnh vi Trung thnh

authentic

recognizable

C th nhn bit c

portraits tended to be more personal and authentic Renaissance painters placed recognizable human beings in this world classical Latin became the basis for an international language of the intellectuals throughout Europe Latin as a universal language for clerics and the aristocracy legitimized in a sense the presumption that mankind was at the center a close association, almost a partnership was forged between art and science In effect, they became

intellectual

Ngi tr thc

aristocracy

Tng lp qu tc Hp php ha S gi nh, suy on S lin hp, s kt hp rn Thc ra, trong

To be true to humanism, and all it represented, it was necessary to be knowledgeable about, and, uh, . . . and faithful to the ancient philosophies as expressed in their writing

legitimize presumption

association forge In effect

anatomist demonstrate geometrical Biu th Thuc v hnh hc the one by Leonardo da Vinci which demonstrates the geometrical proportions of the human body The quality that was most admired in the Renaissance was the extraordinary, maybe even . . . universality of talents . . . in diverse fields of endeavor so-called (adj) Emerge

thc t Nh gii phu Ci gi l Xut hin

anatomists perhaps you can see why the so-called Renaissance man emerged

quality admire extraordinary universality diverse endeavor

Phm cht, nng lc Say m, khm phc Phi thng Tnh ph bin Khc nhau, a dng S n lc

interest

broad leap

Phm cht, nng lc c bit, ng ch R rng S nhy

a Renaissance man would be talented, as you said, but would also have to demonstrate broad interests . . . in both the arts and the science. It was not difficult for the Renaissance man to make the leap of logic from classical humanism to political humanism