CALCULATION OF EXPOSURE TO ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS IN SERVICE OF BASE STATION ANTENNA SYSTEM

Darko Zigar1, Dejan Krsti1, Nenad Cvetkovi2, Momir Dunji3, Duan Sokolovi4
Abstract A large number of base stations, on which the operation of the GSM mobile telephony system is bassed, is necessary to maintain. These operations do service personnel of mobile provider. The roofs of tall apartment buildings are the locations where the antenna system are findings, and usually these are the sites are located antenna systems from other mobile operators. Often, these other anntene can not be excluded and service technicians often perform interventions in the vicinity of the antenna system which emit electromagnetic radiation. Therefore, it is important to calculate the intensity of the electric and magnetic fields which are exposed profesional workers, to be able to discuss about the adverse health effects of the exposed group

Introduction
Mobile phone or cell phones operate by communicating with a nearby base station which contains a transceiver and antenna system. The antenna is usually mounted on a tower, the roof of a building, or on another structure that provides the required height for proper coverage. In this proper sites, usually are mountened anntena sistems for several different operaters. Cellular systems most commonly employ a sectorized arrangement, with three sets of directional transmitting and receiving antennas oriented 120 degrees apart, aimed at the horizon. While most of the energy is contained in the narrow beam, as the beam progresses, a small amount of energy is directed behind of antenna. There are public concern about possible health risks of RF radiation from these installations, particularly for people residing close to the antennas and profesionnal workers which often perform interventions in the vicinity of the antenna system. Construction of antennas with reflector is that they are components of the electromagnetic field in front of the antenna is significantly higher than behind the antenna, as shown by the radiation pattern of the antenna [1]. In most cases, the service activities are carried out with the position of workers on the back of the antenna. This paper analyzes the case of exposure of man which is directly behind the antenna base station which emits electromagnetic radiation.

Fig. 1. Antena setup in real exposition situation

Electromagnetic model of a base station antenna for numerical simulation

Very important for modeling the antenna is the extraction of the electrically important geometrical shapes. A lot of parts of the antenna have only mechanical aim and do not significantly influence the emited performance of the antenna. A realistic model includes a plane perfect electric conductor (PEC) surface for the reflector and PEC wires for the dipole elements. The investigated antenna is a GSM900 base station antenna (Kathrein 736 078). Geometrical data and radiation characteristics are available from [2] and Kathrein data sheets [3]. In this example the antenna is investigated at a frequency of 900 MHz. The antenna design which implemented in simulation process shown in Fig. 2. The dipoles and the reflector are assumed to be lossless and modeled as perfect electric conductors. The dipoles are fed at the center point by a lumped port with an impedance of 50. The five ports are excited by signals with equal amplitude and phase, while avalaible power of anntena is 625W.

Result of numerical simulation in human model

For calculate the components of electromagnetic fields and specific absorption rate used an appropriate human body modehich is generated from the US Air Force Research Laboratory [4].with voxell resolutions from 3 mm. In this paper Finite Difference Time Domain Method (FDTD) [5] has been used to calculate distributions of electromagnetic field in the body. The results obtained by simulation for the component fields presened in Fig.3.

Fig. 3. a) position of men and antenna; b) and c) distribution of electrical field in body; d) and e) distribution of electrical field in body