DET 308: Power System II (SEM I 2012/2013)

Tutorial 1

Tutorial 1: Tariff 1. Billing for a domestic customer: (a) A homeowner consumes 900 kWh during the month of August. Calculate the electricity bill using the residential rate schedule given in Table 2. (b) Table 1 shows the energy consumption by various electrical appliances found in a particular modern house for the month of August. This modern house consists of five family members and equipped with an automatic washing machine and a dishwasher. Calculate the electricity bill and average cost of energy for this house using the residential rate scheduled given in Table 2. Table 1: Energy Consumption by Various Electrical Appliances Appliances kWh consumed Hot water heater 500 Freezer 100 Automatic Washing Machine 100 Stove 100 Lighting 100 Dryer 70 Dishwasher 30 Electric Kettle 20 Electric Skillet 15 Electric Iron 12 Coffee Maker 9 Stereo System 9 Radio 7 Lawn Mower 7 Vacuum Cleaner 4 Toaster 4 Clock 2 2. Billing for a medium-power customer: A small industry operating night and day, 7 days a week, consumes 260 000 kWh per month. The maximum demand is 1200 kW, and the maximum kVA demand is 1700 kVA. Note that the demand in this factory is measured for both active power (kW) and apparent power (kVA). Calculate the electricity bill using the medium-power rate schedule in Table 2. 3. Billing for a large-power customer (a) A paper mill consumes 28 million kilowatt-hour of energy per month. The demand meter registers a peak demand of 43 000 kW. Calculate the monthly bill using the large-power rate schedule given in Table 2.

DET 308: Power System II (SEM I 2012/2013)

Tutorial 1

(b) A wood mill consumes 30 million kilowatt-hour of energy per month. The demand meter registers a peak demand of 43 000 kW. Calculate the monthly bill using the schedule given in Table 2 and average cost of energy.

Table 2: Typical Rate Structures Residential rate structure Typical clauses: 1. This rate shall apply to electric service in a single private dwelling 2. This rate applies to single-phase alternating current at 60 Hz... Rate schedule Minimum monthly charge : $5.00 plus first 100 kW.h per month at 5 cents/kW.h next 200 kW.h per month at 3 cents/kW.h excess over 200 kW.h per month at 2 cents/kW.h General Power Rate Structure (medium power) Typical contract clauses: 1. The customers maximum demand for the month, or its contract demand, is at least 50 kW but not more than 5000 kW 2. Utility company shall make available to the customer 1000 kW of firm power during the term of this contract 3. The power shall be delivered at a nominal 3-phase line voltage of 480 V, 60 Hz 4. The power taken under this contract shall not be used to cause unusual disturbances on the Utility Companys system. In the event that unreasonable disturbances, including harmonic currents, produce interference with communication systems, the customer shall at his expense correct such disturbance 5. Voltage variations shall not exceed 7% up or down from the nominal line voltage 6. Utility Company shall make periodic tests of its metering equipment so as to maintain a high standard of accuracy 7. Customer shall use power so that current is reasonably balanced on the three phases. Customer agrees to take corrective measures if the current on the more heavily loaded phase exceeds the current in either of the two other phases by more than 20%. If said unbalance is not corrected, Utility Company may meter the load on individual phases and compute the billing demand as being equal to three times the maximum demand on any phase 8. The maximum demand for any month shall be the greatest of the demands measured in kilowatts during any 30-minute period of the month 9. If 90% of the highest average kVA measured during any 30-minutes period is higher than the maximum demand such amount will be used as the billing demand Rate schedule Demand charge: $3.00 per month per kW of billing demand Energy charge : 4 cents/kW.h for the first 100 hours of billing demand 2 cents/kW.h for the next 50 000 kW.h per month 1.2 cents/kW.h for the remaining energy

DET 308: Power System II (SEM I 2012/2013)

Tutorial 1

General Power Rate Structure (large power) Typical contract clauses: 1. Customers maximum demand for the month or its contract demand is greater than 5000 kW 2. Clauses similar to clauses 2 to 8 listed in the General Power (medium power) contract given above. 3. Contract shall be for a duration of 10 years 4. The minimum bill for any one month shall equal 70% of the highest maximum demand charge during the previous 36 months 5. Utility Company shall not be obligated to furnish power in greater amounts than the customers contract demand Rate schedule Demand charge: First 75 000 kW of demand per month at $2.50 per kW Excess over 75 000 kW of demand per month at $2.00 per kW Extra charge for any demand in excess of customers contract demand at $2.20 per month per kW Energy charge : First 20 million kW.h per month at 6.1 mills per kW.h Next 30 million kW.h per month at 6.0 mills per kW.h Additional energy at 5.9 mills per kW.h
*1 mill = one thousandth of a dollar, or one tenth of a cent