894

Index NCs, see Numerical controllers Near-normal canonical form, 724725, 727, 729730, 735, 738 Needs (term), 269 Nervous system cell, 793 Network communications, 232 Neural network (NN) actuators, 804806 Neural network (NN) controllers: for discrete-time systems, 800 feedback linearization design, 795800 HJB equation in, 811813 HJI equation in, 813815 multiloop feedback structures of, 800 804 topologies of, 794795 Neural network functional approximation error, 793 Neural network (NN) observers, 806808 Neural networks (NNs), 791820 actuators in, 804806 approximate dynamic programming, 815817 in control topologies, 794795 force control with, 803804 functional approximation properties of, 796 historical development / future of, 817 820 observers in, 806808 optimal control using, 810815 preprocessing of inputs to, 799, 800 reinforcement learning control using, 807810 Nibbles, 845 Nichols charts / diagrams, 513517 closed-loop frequency response from that of open loop, 514516 for common transfer functions, 344, 346, 348, 350 obtaining, 340 sensitivity analysis using, 516517 Nichrome V Karma, 75 NIST, see National Institute of Standards and Technology NN reinforcement learning controllers, 808809 NNs, see Neural networks NN weight tuning for stability theorem, 796, 797 Nodes, 311, 312 Noise: and bridge transducers, 105111 characteristics of, 4 extracting signal from, 208 RTI / RTO, 104 Nominal group technique, 270 Nondiagonal Jordan canonical form, 726, 727, 730731, 736, 739 Nondistinct poles, 325 Nonelectric inner loops, 650651 Noninteractive algorithm, 406 Noninverting ampliers, 842843 Nonlinear control, 441 Nonlinear impedance matching, 54 Nonlinear in parameters, 793, 794 Nonlinear in tunable parameters, 796 Nonlinearity effects, 660, 661, 663665, 667669 complex, 668 computer simulation of, 668, 669 simple, 663665, 667668 Nonlinear optimal control design, 811 Nonlinear systems, 366376 and controller performance, 413, 414 describing function method, 368373 linearizing approximation method, 367 368 linear vs., 366367 phase-plane method, 371, 372, 374376 Non-Newtonian uids, 185 Non-self-generating responses, 105111 Nonuniform velocity, 183184 NOR (Boolean addition), 248 Normal canonical form, 724, 727729, 734, 737738 Normal distribution, 125126, 362363 Normal frequency distribution, 124 Normative synthesis of requirements, 268 Norton equivalent, 4445 NOT (Boolean inversion), 246 Notch lters, 638 Nozzleappers, 396398 Nozzle owmeters, 176, 177 Nth moment of distribution, 362 Nth-order hold, 464, 466468 Nth-order systems, 316 Nuclear reactor control, 444 Null hypothesis, 23