Name: Andrea Atencio The Developing System

Universidad de Playa Ancha Applied linguistics Test 3 I 2013 Prof: L. Vera Text Chapter 3: The Development System (From Input to Output by Bill Van Patten)

A. State whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F)
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. __T__ The linguistic system serves communication __T__ The linguistic system also includes sign languages and written language __F__ Language and communication are the same thing __F__ Animals can communicate because they have a linguistic system __T__ In language, communication is the expression, interpretation, and negotiation of meaning in a given context 6. __T__ Comprehension is similar to interpretation 7. __T__ Learning tends to happen through communication 8. __T__ a linguistic system is dependant on social interaction 9. __T__ The language learners development system consists of a variety of linguistic components that interact in complex ways: the lexicon, phonology, morphology, syntax, etc. 10. __T__vast networks of forms and lexical items make up the linguistic system of a person 11. ___F_ L2 learners create L1-like systems 12. __T__ parameters are language variations

B. Fill in the blanks with one of the terms in the box

abstract properties of syntax / formal relationship / the network / a network based on root form and meaning / lexical relationship / both natives and non-natives / semantic relationship 1. 2. An example of a network based on root form and meaning is interest, interesting, uninteresting, disinterest {the network is a vast map of lexical items and grammatical forms that are linked to each other via connections that demonstrate some kind of semantic relationship, a lexical relationship abstract properties of syntax or a formal relationship A semantic relationship is a relationship based on meaning A lexical relarionship is a relationship based on a root words form, as in interest and interesting A formal relationship is a relationship based on grammatical form that doesnt change the meaning of the root but when added creates a new word, as in boring and bored Both natives and non-natives create these networks based on the same learning processes Abstract properties of syntax are what form the syntactic component of both native and non-native speakers

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C. Choose a, b, c or d
1. An L1 syntactic system is somehow completed when a) a child begins elementary school b) a child is able to communicate with adults c) the linguistic system is developed d) a child is able to understand A linguistic system is made up of the following components:

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a. comprehension, speech production, & learning b. social interaction, comprehension, grammar & communication c. Comprehension, speech production, learning & social interaction d. Learning, phonology, morphology & syntax 3. A language learners development system consists of a. lexicon, phonology, morphology & syntax b. network association, interpretation and negotiation c. syntactic rules d. comprehension and interpretation The three fundamental components of a language system are a) grammar, syntax, & morphology b) parameters in language variation, a formal relationship & a network based on root form c) semantic relationship, properties of syntax & pragmatic competence d) a network association, a syntactic component of rules & a set of competencies related to language use L2 words are connected based on a. knowledge of the linguistic system b. abstract properties of syntax and language variations c. semantic, lexical, and formal relationships d. N. A. Having knowledge of a language also involves having a. pragmatic competence and sociolinguistic competence b. the ability to infer meaning c. pragmatic competence & a network of words d. sociolinguistic competence & exposure to comprehensible input Pragmatic competence refers to a) being able to compete linguistically b) being able to infer meaning when something is not said c) being able to determine what is appropriate in a given context d) being able to create a developing system Sociolinguistic competence refers to a. a vast network of forms and lexical items b. the rules that govern sentence structure c. the underlying knowledge of the syntactic component d) the underlying knowledge that determines what is appropriate in a given context The system changes through a. accommodation and restructuring b. accommodation and hierarchy c. hierarchy and restructuring

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d. only accommodation

D. Match the following statements

1. _G__ Accommodation is the process by which 2. _A__Restructuring is the process by which 3. __D_ When a form or structure is accommodated, 4. _H__ With the linguistic development system, 5. ___ Accommodation operates on 6. ___ Restructuring operates on sentence 7. _C__ Explicit rules 8. _E__ Without input, 9. _B__ Explicit knowledge can play 10. ___ Explicit knowledge is not input A. the developing system accepts a new grammatical form or structure after it has been mapped onto meaning during input processing B. only a supporting or ancillary role C. are not part of the implicit system D. changes can take place in other parts of the linguistic system E. there is not acquisition F. words and forms G. parts of the developing system change as the result of the accommodation of a new form or structure H. changes happen and the learner does not know they are happening, even though learners may notice they are doing something different I. structure and the possible types of sentences in a language

E. Choose one and comment 1. 2. 3. L2 learners need to build up sociolinguistic competence and thus lots of exposure to different contexts to learn how language is used Conversations are full of interchanges in which listeners must use pragmatic competence to correctly interpret a speakers intent (both L1 & L2 speaker s) The learners internal system is dynamic. This means that it undergoes change provided that the learner is constantly interacting with input

2. Firstly, we have to consider that communication is the expression, interpretation, and negotiation of meaning in a given context.