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WORD ROOTS A root, as its name suggests, is a word or word part from which other words grow, usually through the addition of prefixes and suffixes. The root of the word vocabulary, for example, is voc, a Latin root meaning "word" or "name." This root also appears in the words advocacy, convocation, evocative, vocal, and vociferous. Understanding the meanings of the common word roots can help us deduce the meanings of new words that we encounter. But be careful: root words can have more than one meaning and various shades of meaning. In addition, words that look similar may derive from different roots. So when you meet up with a new word, be sure to rely on a dictionary to check its definition. The table below defines and illustrates 30 of the most common Greek and Latin roots. The letter in parentheses indicates whether the root word is Greek (G) or Latin (L). Word Roots
ROOT -auto- (G) -bene- (L) -bio- (G) -chrono- (G) -dict- (L) -duc- (L) MEANING self good life time say EXAMPLES automatic, autopsy benefit, benign biography, biology chronic, synchronize dictate, diction

lead, make deduce, produce

-gen- (L) -geo- (G) -graph- (G) -jur-, -jus- (L) -log-, -logue- (L) -luc- (L) -man(u)- (L) -mand-, -mend- (L) -mis-, -mit- (L) -omni- (L) -path- (G) -phil- (G) -phon- (G) -photo- (G) -port- (L) -qui(t)- (L) -scrib-, -script- (L) -sens-, -sent- (L) -tele- (G) -terr- (L) -vac- (L) -vid-, -vis- (L)

give birth earth write law thought light hand order send all feel love sound light carry write feel far off earth empty see

gene, generate geography, geology autograph, graph jury, justice logic, obloquy lucid, translucent manual, manure demand, recommend missile, transmission omnivorous empathy, pathetic philosophy, bibliophile phonics, telephone photograph, photon export, portable ascribe, script resent, sensitive telecast, telephone terrain, territory evacuate, vacate visible, video

quiet, rest acquit, tranquil

COMMON ROOT WORDS AND WORD ORIGINS

ROOTS MEANING

WORD

alter ami, amic-

other love

Alternate (one after the other), alter ego(second self, trusted friend) Amiable (friendly), amicable (lovable)

aqua, aque

water

Aquatic(watery), aquarium(fish tank), aqueduct(conveyance of water)

bell

war

Belligerent(to wage war), bellicose(of war)

brev cap

short take, seize

Brief(short), abbreviate(to shorten) Capture(take into ones possession or control by force), captivate(person or animal imprisoned or confined), captivity(the condition of being imprisoned or confined), captor(a person that catches or confines another)

corp

body

Corpus(a collection or body of written texts of a particular author or of a subject) , corpse(a dead body of a human being), corporal(relating to the human body)

derm-

skin

Dermatology(study of skin diseases), epidermis(outer layer of skin), hypodermic(of medical tools used to inject drugs under a

persons skin)

duo dynamego equ fac fil frater gamgeograd, gress

two power self equal make, do threadlike brother marriage earth step

duo dynamo, hydrodynamics egotist, egomania equal, equity, equanimity, equate, equidistant manufacture, factory, benefactor filament fraternal, fraternize monogamy, polygamy, bigamy geopolitical, geology, geography, geothermal gradual, progression, transgression

hemo, hema, hem holo iso ject jud leg, lect liter loc

blood

hemophilia, hematology, hemoglobin

whole, entire holograph equal, isolate identical throw inject, reject, subject, projection judge judicial, judge, adjudicate read, choose legible, lectern, lecturer, election letter place literature, illiterate, literal local, location

mar mater meta, met

sea mother behind, between

marine, mariner maternal, maternity, matriarchy, matricide metacognitionbehind the thinking

neuro nov nym, onym odonto orthopac pater path

nerve

neurology, neurosis, neurobiology

new novel, renovate, innovation, novella word, name synonym, acronym, anonymous, pseudonym tooth straight, correct peace father feeling, suffering orthodontistone who straightens teeth orthodox, orthodontist, orthopedic pacify, Pacific Ocean, pacifist paternal, paternity, patricide, patrilineal, patriotic sympathy, apathy, empathy, telepathy, pathology

psychpugna quer, quis sci

soul, spirit, mind fight ask

psychology, psychic, psychobiography pugnacious, pugilist query, inquisition,

know

scientific

spec, spic spir spont stat tang, tact temp

look, see coil

spectacles, spectator, inauspicious, prospect spiral

by one's own spontaneous force stay, station position touch tactile, tangible time temporary, temporize

thermtrophy uro ver vert zoo

heat nutrition, food urine truth turn animal

thermal, thermos, thermometer atrophywithout nutrition urologist veracity, verify, verity introvert, irreversible, vertigo zoo, zoology, zoolatry

PREFIXES PREFIX a-, anabMEANING not, without away from EXAMPLES amoral, anesthetic, apolitical, asocial abduction, abstain, abnormal

adambianaantiapoautobenecata-, catcentro, centricircumcomconcontradedia-, didisdyseectoen-, emendoepiesoeuexheterohomohyperhypoilimiminininterintrairmacromal, malemetamicromononeoobpalin-, pali-

to, toward both up, back, again against from, away from self good down, against around, center around with, together with, together against down, away through, across apart, not ill, difficult, bad out of, from on the outside in within, inside upon inward, within well, good out of, from other, different same over under not not into not into between within not large bad, evil beyond small one, single new, recent against back, again

adjoin, adjacent (lying near to) ambidextrous, ambivalent analogy, anatomy, anagram antipathy, antiwar, antisocial apology, apologize autobiography, automobile, autocracy, automaton benediction benevolent benefactor catastrophe--a turning down concentric, centrifugal circumlocution circumference, circumvent communal, community connect, confide conspire contradict, contravene descend, deject (cast down) diameter, division disengage, discord, discomfort dysfunctional, dysentery elect (choose out of), eject (throw out) ectoderm--outer skin empathy--feeling in endoscope--instrument for observing inside epitaph epidermis, epicenter esoteric--more inward, esophagus euthanasia--good death exhume, exhale, exodus heterosexual, heterodoxy, heterodox heterogeneous homosexual, homogeneous, homogenized hypertension, hypersensitive, hyperactivity hypotension, hypodermic illegitimate, illicit, illegal, illegible imperfect, impolite, impossible imbibe (drink in, take in) indiscreet, invisible incorporate (take into the body) intervene (come between), interstate intrastate, intramural irregular, irrational, irredeemable macrocosm, macroeconomics malediction malevolent, malnutrition metaphysical microscope, microcosm, microeconomics monologue, monotheism, monarchy, monogamy neologism, neo-liberal, neonatology. neolithic object, obstruct (build against) palindrome

panparaperperiphil-, philopolypostpreproprosprotopseudo reretrosesubsur-, supersyn-, sym-, syl-, systeletransSUFFIXES SUFFIX -agog, -agogue -cide -ectomy -ia, -y -ic, -tic, -ical, -ac -ics -isk, -iscus -ism -ist -ite -logy -oid -or, -er -phobia -sis

all, every false through around like, lover of many, several after before for, forward toward, in front first false again, back back away from under over, above with, together distant, far off across

pantheism, Pan-Hellenic, panorama, pandemic paramilitary, paralegal, parachute percolate (flow through) perforate (punch through) perimeter, periscope philosophy, Francophile, bibliophile, philanthropy polygon, polygamy, polytechnic, polytheism postgraduate, posthumous postpone precede, predict (tell before) promote, project prospectview in front, something coming up prototype, protoplasm, protobiology pseudonym, pseudoscience repeat, recede, regress (step back) retrogression, retroactive seduce (lead away), secede submarine, subject, subhuman subterranean superhuman, superego, superintend, surpass symphony, synonym, system, syllable telephone, telepathy, television, telegram transient, Transatlantic, transport (carry across)

DEFINITION leader kill(ing) cutting act, state having to do with

EXAMPLE demagogue, pedagogue

patricide, infanticide, herbicide. suicide appendectomy, splenectomy amnesia, mania, democracy, anarchy anthropomorphic, dramatic, biblical, cardiac things having to do with optics, physics small asterisk--a little star the belief in pacifism, terrorism, socialism, communism one who believes in pacifist, terrorist, socialist, communist one connected with meteorite, polite, cosmopolite study field of biology, geology, etymology, cardiology resembling, like-shaped asteroid, spheroid one who takes part in doctor, actor, teacher, driver exaggerated fear photophobia, claustrophobia, agoraphobia act, state, condition of analysis