SPORTS MEDICINE 15

CARE, PREVENTION AND REHABILITATION

UNIT I: ANATOMY

Part 1 Anatomical Overview ~ BONES, JOINTS & ANATOMICAL POSITIONS~

Anatomy Part 1 - class notes Why is a proper understanding of Anatomy required in the field of Sports Medicine?

The body is made up of ______ different types of tissues: 1. Connective tissue such as

2. Muscle tissue, which is divided into _______ types:

3. Nervous tissue, which is divided into _______________, which conduct impulses involving the brain, the spinal cord, spinal nerves and cranial nerves; and _____________ which is involved in many cellular processes. 4. Epithelial tissue: which lines the surface of many body cavities. Why is proper vocabulary needed when discussing anatomy?

Beside the anatomical terms that describe movement, write down what they mean, and an example of how the term is used when discussing anatomy. Superior: Inferior: Anterior: Posterior:

Medial: Lateral: Proximal: Distal: Dorsal: Plantar: What are the five important functions of the skeletal system?

The human skeleton can be divided into two areas: 1. The Axial Skeleton, which includes: ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ __ 2. The Appendicular Skeleton, which includes: ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ __ The body contains ________ bones, which are classified by _______________.

Anatomy: Major bones of the body

What is the difference between the male and female pelvis structure? Why?

Which bone is the largest in the body?

The patella is other wise known as the __________________ and helps make up the ___________ joint. The shin bone or ______________ also helps make up part of the _________ joint. The Fibula is ___________ (anatomical position) to the tibia. Where are the tarsals located? What joint do they also help to make up? Where are the Metatarsals located? How many Metatarsal bones are there?

The bones in the ends of the toes are called the ________________, there are ______ phalange bones in total. The Vertebral column is divided up into five areas: The _________________ spine or neck has 7 vertebrae The _________________ spine or neck has 12 vertebrae The ________________, or lower back has _____ vertebrae The ____________ has 5 bones that are _________ into a single unit The tailbone or ______________ has _____ bones. The shoulder blade or _______________ is one of the three major bones that help make up the shoulder joint. Which bones are the other two? The collarbone or ____________ is in constant breathing. Why?

The main bone in your upper arm that helps make up your shoulder and elbow joint is ________________. The bones in your forearm are called the __________ and the ________. The __________ is lateral to the __________ (when the body is in the _________________ position). The carpals make up the __________ joint along with the ____________ and the ____________. How many metacarpal bones are there? ________ What are the fingertip bones called? _____________________________________

Do you feel confident enough to label the skeletons on this page? You may need a little help. Give it a try and we will go over it in class momentarily.

Which bones make up the following joint? Wrist: Elbow: Hip: Knee: Ankle: Shoulder: Metacarpalphalangeal: Below draw a diagram of the human body ( a matchstick man is fine)performing the terms of movement, complete with arrows showing which direction the limbs are moving, and which part of the body is doing the movement. Here is an example below:

Abduction:

Adduction:

Flexion:

Extension:

Continued on next page.

Dorsiflexion:

Plantarflexion:

Medial Rotation:

Lateral Rotation:

Supination:

Pronation:

Eversion:

Inversion:

Once you have mastered these movement terms, you will be well on the way to becoming an anatomy wizard!! Which of the joints only flexes or extends? ____________________ Which of the joints listed on the overhead do not perform abduction or adduction? What is the medical term used for the joint pain that people of all ages suffer from?

Complete the Group project below: 7

What body movements occur with each of the following activities? 1. Walking:

2. Kicking a soccer ball:

3. Crossover skating:

4. Setting a volleyball:

Joints: Joints are held together by __________________. The number and strength of these ligaments around the body vary. Two examples of joints that are strong are ___________________________ Other joints such as the ____________ and the _____________ joints rely heavily on the strength of surrounding muscles. There are _______ types of joints: 1. _____________________ , which do/do not move. Examples of these types of joints are the _______________ of the skull. 2. ______________________ , which move very little. Examples of these types of joints are the ________________________________ What happens to these types of joints with age?

3. ____________________ allow ______________ movement. This movement occurs as a result of ______________________________.

Below match the body part with the type of joint below: A. Saddle
B. Ellipsoid C. Pivot

_____ Knee
______ Thumb ______ Wrist

D. Hinge
E. Ball and socket F. Gliding

_____ Shoulder
______ Foot ______ Elbow

Fill in the following table:

Name of joint
Pivot Joint

movement plane

examples

Allows rotation in one plane (uni-axial) Saddle Joint

Joints in the foot between the tarsals or hand between the carpals. Movement in three planes of motion or about three axes. One bone has a concave surface that accommodates the spherical aspect of the other bone. Ellipsoid Joint