Technology design Concrete works: -establish the concrete mix proportions according to NE 012-1999 1 .

Concrete mix The concrete composition will be established in two situations: A) Normal mix , without additional agents; B) Concrete mix with additives for additives for delaying the setting for the concrete. A) Normal mix , without additional agents: Concrete mix parameters: -the concrete type is: C20/25/P8/G100-T3-1 32.5(R)/31mm-II -the concrete workability is T3 with a cone settlement of 7020 mm (annex 1.4 , table 1.4.3, table 1.4.3, line 2 foundations of reinforced concrete , columns , beams, structural walls); -the cement type, according to table 1.2.1, is I 32.5 or II/A 32.5, depending on: a. service and exposure conditions; b. erection condition and the used technologies; c. the concrete class. It chosen the cement with the class II/A 32.5 R -the maximum grain size is according to point 3.7, from annex 1.4: max1/4(1/3D, in case of slabs, D-the minimum thickness of the structural element); max1/3150 mm, hp=15 cm; maxd-5mm=50-5=45 mm, d=50, the minimum distance between bars; max1,325=32,5 mm, c=25 mm, thickness of the concrete cover, max,aggregate=31 mm The concrete class used is C20/25 for the superstructure: beams, girders, columns and slabs. Standard mix for one cubic meter: C20/25-T3-II/A32,5R-31

1. Evaluation of the water quantity is according to the concrete class and the concrete workability (annex 1.4, table 1.4.2). A=1851/m3, for aggregate=31 mm 2. Evaluate of the water-cement ratio depends on the concrete class an the concrete workability (annex 1.4, table 1.4.2)

3. Evaluation of the cement quantity (table 5.5) C=

3

From table 1.4.5: Cmin =290 kg/m3 C=336 kg/m3 4. Evaluation of dry quantity of aggregates 1 m3 = 1000 dm3 = a = 20 dm3/m3 beton s = 2 % c=3kg/dmc aggregate=2,7kg/dmc Gag = ag (1000 Gag = 2,7 (1000 A -a ) - 185 -20 )=1844kg/m3

5. Grading the aggregates The area of granularity recommended according to the concrete workability and the cement quantity (300-400 kg/mc) is: II(annex 1.4, table 1.4.5). The limits for the granularity area II, for aggregates with dimensions between 0-31 mm are(annex 1.4, table 1.4.8):

Passing throught the sieves Area II Limit max min average rounded 0,2 7 2 4,5 4 1 30 21 25,5 25 3 40 31 35,5 35 7 60 51 55,5 55 16 80 71 75,5 75 31 100 95 97,5 100

N0 3 = N3 7 = P7 16 = P16 31 = 1844kg/m3 Laboratory mix for one cubic meter: For the laboratory work mix 185 l/m3 water is used, in order to obtain T3 workability. From the tests resulted bef=bcomputed. The standard mix becomes the laboratory mix A=183 l/m3; A/C=0,55 ; C=336kg/m3; Gag=1844 kg/m3, N0-3=635 kg/m3, N3-7=369 kg/m3, P7-16=369 kg/m3, P16-31=461 kg/m3. b= 336+185+1844=2365 kg/m3 Working mix for one cubic meter: The natural moisture of the aggregate is considered. The quantity of aggregates is corrected taking into account their humidity: -fine aggregates 0-7 mm: Us=2%; -coarse aggregates 7-71 mm: Ug=1%. This humidity represents a quantity of water that has to be subtracted from the quantity of water. The aggregates moisture is evaluated with the formulas:

= = = =

13 l/m3

= 7 l/m3
=

4 l/m3
=

7 l/m3 29 l/m3

1873 kg/m3

The water quantity introduced for one cubic meter is: W=W=185-29=156 l/mc

b= W+C+Gag=156+336+1871=2363

Working mix for a composition: All the above computation has been made for one cubic meter of concrete. In reality, there are mixers with different capacities. For a mixer of g=550dm3, the result becomes: r- reduction coefficient by mixing and compaction, r=0,7 = = 54,6 l/m3

= 118l/m3

Gag=130+132+130+163=655kg/mix

TS1.Technological sheet for the concrete mix Component Concrete type Standard 185 0,55 336 645 369 369 461 1844 2365 C16/20-T3-II/A32,5R-31 Working 3 1m 550 dm3 156 54,6 0,55 0,55 336 118 658 230 376 132 373 130 466 163 1873 655 2365 -

Water A/C Cement N0-3 Aggregate N3-7 P7-16 P16-31 Gag Pb

B. Concrete mix with additives for delaying the setting of concrete The additives have the following purpose: - decrease the water content from the mix; - increase the concrete workability; -increase the time for the setting of the concrete; -increase the compression resistance of the concrete; -increase the durability of the concrete. Preliminary mix for a cubic meter of concrete: C16/20-T3-II/A32,5R-31/REPLAST 1. Evaluation of the water quantity- is reduced with 10% A=185-18=1671 l/mc 2. Evaluation of the water-cement ratio

3. Evaluation of the cement quantity C= 1 m3 = 1000 dm3 = a = 20 dm3/m3 beton s = 2 %

3

4. Evaluation of dry quantity of aggregates

c=3kg/dmc aggregate=2,7kg/dmc Gag = ag (1000 Gag = 2,7 (1000 A -a ) - 167 -20 )=1922 kg/m3

5. Grading the aggregates The area of granularity recommended according to the concrete workability and the cement quantity (300-400 kg/mc) is: II(annex 1.4, table 1.4.5). The limits for the granularity area II, for aggregates with dimensions between 0-31 mm are(annex 1.4, table 1.4.8):

Passing throught the sieves Area II Limit 0,2 max min average rounded 7 2 4,5 4 1 30 21 25,5 25 3 40 31 35,5 35 7 60 51 55,5 55 16 80 71 75,5 75 31 100 95 97,5 100

N0 3 = N3 7 = P7 16 = P16 31 =

6. Computation of additive quantity: Is delivered with a concentration p=30% S=2 =2 =6,1 /mc

Laboratory mix for one cubic meter: For the laboratory work mix 185 l/m3 water is used, in order to obtain T3 workability. From the tests resulted bef=bcomputed. The standard mix becomes the laboratory mix A=167 l/m3; A/C=0,55 ; C=304kg/m3; Gag=1922 kg/m3, N0-3=673 kg/m3, N3-7=384,5 kg/m3, P7-16=384,5kg/m3, P16-31=480 kg/m3.

b= 304+167+1922=2393 kg/m3 Working mix for one cubic meter: The quantity of aggregates is corrected taking into account their humidity:

= = = =

13 l/m3
=

8 l/m3 = 4 l/m3

= 5 l/m3 30 l/m3

1981kg/m3 The water quantity introduced for one cubic meter is: W=WS=2 =167-30=137 l/mc =2 =6,1/mc

The water quantity is modified: A=A-S=137-6=1311l/mc The density of the fresh concrete will be: b= A+C+Gag+Gs=131+304+1951+6=2392

Working mix for a composition: All the above computation has been made for one cubic meter of concrete. In reality, there are mixers with different capacities. For a mixer of g=550dm3, the result becomes: r- reduction coefficient by mixing and compaction, r=0,7

= 46 l/m3

= s=2+ =6+ =2,1/mc

= 106l/m3

Gag=240+137+136+170=683kg/mix TS2.Technological sheet for the concrete mix Component Concrete type Standard 167 0,55 304 673 384.5 384.5 480 1922 6 2392 C16/20-T3-II/A32,5R-31/REPLAST Working 3 1m 550 dm3 131 46 0,55 0,55 304 106 686 240 392 137 388 136 485 170 1981 683 6 2.4 2392 -

Water A/C Cement N0-3 Aggregate N3-7 P7-16 P16-31 Gag Additives S Pb