Diploma Project 148 8.Rules of labour safety 8. Rules of labour safety 8.1.

General A principal objective of the construction process is to provide a safe working environment and to prevent harm to employees at work. To do this, it imposes duties of care on employers, employees, and others, and requires employers and employees to cooperate in ensuring that workplaces and work practices are safe and without risks to health. One of the employers primary obligations under the Law is to provide: such information, instruction, training and supervision to employees as are necessary to enable the employees to perform their work in a manner that is safe and without risks to health. Employers owe this same duty of care to independent contractors and their employees working at the workplace. In fulfilling this obligation, the construction industry should maintain a structured system of education and training to enable both employers and employees to: o identify and manage the risks involved in the manufacture, transportation and erection of concrete elements; o keep abreast of the current state of knowledge within the industry on the means of eliminating hazards and controlling risks to health and safety. 8.1. Training Employees need to work safely. They must be trained and instructed in safe systems of work and safe work practices. Employers must ensure an appropriately experienced person maintains close supervision of employees who are not yet sufficiently skilled and experienced to carry out their work safely. Training programs should emphasize occupational health and safety and should provide opportunities for individuals to have their existing skills recognized and to develop new knowledge and skills. Education and training programs should be structured to lead to nationally recognized qualifications and should be delivered by a registered training organization. Such training should be in addition to and not replace the requirement for site-specific induction.

Diploma Project 149 8.Rules of labour safety 8.2. Health and safety Employers should ensure that all employees have the opportunity to be fully involved in the development of procedures including hazard identification, assessment of risk and control of risk methodology. Employers have a general duty to ensure the health and safety of employees while at work. In particular they must take all practicable steps to: o provide and maintain a safe working environment; o provide and maintain facilities for the safety, health and welfare of employees; o ensure that machinery and equipment is designed, made, set up, and maintained to be safe for employees; o ensure that employees are protected from hazards in the course of their work; o provide procedures to deal with emergencies that may arise while employees are at work; Before commencing work on a project, employees must be informed by their employer of o o o o o emergency procedures; hazards they may be exposed to while at work; hazards they may create while at work that could harm other people; how to minimize the likelihood of hazards becoming a source of harm

to themselves and others; the location and correct use of safety equipment.

Employers must inform employees of the results of any health and safety monitoring. Employers are also responsible for the health and safety of people who are not employees. Employers must take all practicable steps to ensure that employees do not harm any other person while at work, including members of the public or visitors to the workplace. Employees are responsible for their own safety and health while at work and must also ensure that their actions do not harm or place others at risk. They must cooperate with their employer on health and safety matters and must not interfere with or misuse anything provided by their employer to protect health and safety.

Diploma Project 150 8.Rules of labour safety 8.3. Hazard Management Employers must have in place an effective method to identify hazards and to determine whether there are significant hazards that require further action. A hazard is an existing, new or potential situation or event that could jeopardize the safe and healthy working environment. In the precast and tilt-up concrete industry, risk is always present when handling, transporting and erecting elements. Under no circumstances should personnel stand below or work on an element that is leaning towards them. Although component failure is rare the consequences are always significant. To ensure appropriate hazard management, an assessment of the risks must be carried out by the builder in conjunction with the health and safety representatives of the contractors and workers involved in the work. A job safety analysis that lists the hazards and suggests safety procedures should also be prepared. The minimum requirements for this job safety analysis include: o o o o an identification of the hazards an assessment of the risks from the hazards identified control measures required to eliminate or minimise the risks from the hazards identification of the person responsible for implementing and monitoring the control measures Where possible, the hazard should be eliminated or the risk reduced by changing or modifying the proposed work method, construction method, or by use of alternative equipment. Where the hazard cannot be eliminated, control measures must be implemented to isolate the hazard and to minimize risk to employees. In these circumstances, measures such as barricading areas of danger, provision of specific safety training and work instructions, use of protective equipment, and posting of warning signs should be implemented. Such measures should be discussed with employees and evaluated to ensure that they are effective and do not create additional hazards.

Diploma Project 151 8.Rules of labour safety The accepted means of planning to prevent injury is to identify, assess and then control the risk. At the control stage there is a recognized hierarchy of hazard control measures that should be applied. These processes for managing risk are included in various occupational health and safety regulations, and should be followed as part of the hazard management process. 8.4. Norms regarding labour safety: o The Norms of Labour Protection elaborated based on the Law no. 90 from 25.06.1996 and promulgated through Decree no.290 from 11.06.1996. o The standing order regarding the labour protection and industrial sanitation in constructions published in the Constructions Gazette approved by MLPAT with Ord. 9/N/15.03.1993 o Labour protection norms in constructions montage activity approved cu Ord. M.C. Ind. Nr. 1233/D/29.12.1980 o IM006/1996 The specific labour protection norms for masonry, prefabricated montage and finishing works in constructions. o The law no. 90/1996 The law regarding labour protection and industrial sanitation o General labour protection norms edited by the Work and Social Protection Minister in collaboration with Health Minister o STATS 26112/87 protection against electric shock o STATS 12216-84 protection against electric shock at the portable electric equipment o STAS 12217-88 protection against electric shock at the mobile electric equipment o Specific Labour Security Norms for works at highness Decree 235/26.07.1995 o Specific Labour Security Norms for preparing, transport, and pouring concrete and execution of reinforced and precast concrete works Decree 136/17.04.1995