nnovation is a major directive at corporations worldwide.

But how do you drive innovation and growth as the global business landscape becomes increasingly unpredictable and diverse? Western corporations can no longer just rely on the old formula that sustained innovation and growth for decades: a mix of top-down strategies, expensive R&D projects and rigid, highly structured innovation processes. Jugaad Innovation argues that the West must look to places like India, China, and Africa for a new, bottom-up approach to frugal and flexible innovation. Building on their deep experience of innovation practices with companies in the US and around the world, the authors articulate how jugaad (a Hindi word meaning an improvised solution born from ingenuity and cleverness), is leading to dramatic growth in emerging markets - and how Western companies can adopt jugaad to succeed in our hypercompetitive world. Delving into the mindset of jugaad innovators, the authors discuss the six underlying principles and show these principles in action by sharing previously untold stories of resourceful jugaad entrepreneurs and innovators in emerging markets. These include the story of Mansukh Prajapati, an Indian villager who invented an affordable fridge made entirely of clay, and of M-PESA, a service that enables millions of Kenyans to save, spend, and transfer money using their cell phones without having a bank account. The authors also describe how forward-thinking Western firms like 3M, Apple, Best Buy, Facebook, GE, Google, IBM, and PepsiCo are already applying these principles of jugaad to innovate faster, cheaper and better. From Procter & Gamble's reinvention of its core business model to profitably serve economically marginalised American consumers to Renault-Nissan's focus on designing cars that cost less but deliver more value, the Western firms profiled in the book show how you can win by practicing jugaad. A groundbreaking book, Jugaad Innovation shows leaders everywhere why the time is right for jugaad to emerge as a powerful business tool in the West - and how to bring the jugaad mindset and practices to their organisations.

ugaad
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

For the Hindi film directed by Anand Kumar, see ''Jugaad'' (2009 film). For selling low-cost products to the poor, see frugal innovation.

Jugaad vehicle powered by an agricultural water pump engine

Jugaad means a creative idea, a quick, alternate way of solving or fixing problems. Jugaad is very popularly used in India and now used by many others countries too. So when Joanna Turnbull, managing editor, English Dictionaries, Oxford University Press (OUP), UK, visited India for the English workshop in Pune, India,[when?] she made clear that there are many words in English from the Indian usage and Jugaad is one from that[citation needed]. For Example, locally made motor vehicles that are used mostly in small villages as a means of low-cost transportation in rural India. Jugaad (also sometimes jugard) literally means an improvised arrangement or work-around, which has to be used because of lack of resources. This is a Hindi term widely used by people speaking other Indian languages, and by people of Indian origin around the world. The same term is still used for a type of vehicle, found in rural India, made by carpenters by fitting a diesel engine on a cart. Jugaad colloquially means a creative idea, or a quick workaround to get through commercial, logistical, or law issues. As such, the jugaad movementhas gathered a community of enthusiasts, believing it to be the proof of Indian bubbling creativity, or a cost-effective way to solve the issues of everyday life.[1] Basically jugaad is originated from Sanskrit word yukti, colloquial yugat later converted as jugat, jugad, and jugaad in modern use.[citation needed] It seems the idea to manage the situation was taken from jugaad as it is an abstract idea that does not turn into a tangible reality; however, by applying jugaad, the immediate effects of said abstract idea can be felt and seen on the applied object.
Contents
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1 Low-cost vehicle 2 Vehicle variants 3 Jugaad as a concept 4 See also 5 References 6 Further reading

[edit]Low-cost

vehicle

Jugaad carrying passengers to a political rally in Agra, India

Jugaads cost around Rs. 85,000 (less than US$ 2,000). They are powered by diesel engines which were originally intended to power agriculturalirrigation pumps. They are known for having poor brakes, and can not go faster than about 60 km/h (37 mph). The vehicle is used to carry more than 20 people at a time in remote locations and poor road conditions. Today, a jugaad is one of the most cost-effective transportation solutions for rural Indians. Though no statistical data is available, it is reported that there are a number of instances of failing brakes, requiring someone to jump off and manually apply a wooden block as a brake. These vehicles do not have any vehicle registration plate as they are not registered with the Regional Transport Office(RTO). Hence, no road tax is paid on them. Jugaad are not officially recognized as road-worthy, and despite a few proposals to regulate them, vote-bank politics have time and again trumped any safety concerns. The improvised vehicles have now become rather popular as a means to transport all manner of burdens, from lumber to steel rods to school children.[2]

[edit]Vehicle

variants

A non-motorized Meen Body Vandijugaad-style improvised vehicle, in Tamil Nadu, India.

A variant of this vehicle from Tamil Nadu in South India is the Meen Body Vandi. This roughly translates to "fish bed vehicle" because they originated among local fishermen who needed a quick and cheap transport system to transport fish. It is a motorized tri-wheeler (derived from the non-motorized variant)[3] with a heavy-duty suspension and a motorcycle enginetypically recycled from the Czech Yezdi or Enfield bullet vehicles. Its origins are typical of other Jugaadu innovationsdead fish are typically considered unhygienic, and vehicles that carry them cannot be typically used to carry anything else. There are similar vehicles to be found in much of Southeast Asia.[4]

[edit]Jugaad

as a concept

Jugaad engine being hand-started

Jugaad is also a colloquial Hindi word that can mean an innovative fix or a simple work-around,[5] sometimes pejoratively used for solutions that bend rules, or a resource that can be used as such, or a person who can solve a complicated issue. It is used as much to describe enterprising street mechanics as for political fixers. This meaning is often used to signify creativity to make existing things work or to create new things with meagre resources. The jugaad concept can be contrasted with the Western (originally American) concept of a hack or kludge. Although in its general meaning "hack" is very similar to "jugaad", a jugaad can be thought of more as a survival tactic, whereas a hack, especially nowadays, is seen an intellectual art form. Both concepts express a need to do what needs to be done, without regard to what is conventionally supposed to be possible. Jugaad is increasingly being accepted as a management technique[6] and is recognized all over the world as an acceptable form of frugal engineeringpioneered in India.[7] Companies in India are adopting Jugaad as a practise to reduce research and development costs.[8] Jugaad also applies to any kind of creative and out of the box thinking which maximizes resources for a company and its stakeholders