Cefotaxime

Molecular formula: C16H17N5O7S2 Molecular weight: 455.5 CAS Registry No.: 63527-52-6 (cefotaxime), 64485-93-4 (cefotaxime sodium)

SAMPLE

Matrix: bile, blood, urine Sample preparation: Serum. 0.5 mL serum + 0.5 mL MeCN mix in 7 mL tube on vortex mixer, shake by rotation (20 rpm) 10 min, centrifuge 10 min 1000 g, transfer supernatant to another tube, add 7 aliquots dichloromethane, equilibrate 10 min, shake by rotation (20 rpm) 10 min, centrifuge 10 min 1000 g, inject aliquot of upper aqueous layer. Urine. Centrifuge urine and dilute 1:20. Bile. Centrifuge bile and dilute 1:10.
HPLCVARIABLES

Column: 250 X 4.6 5 |xm Ultrasphere ODS Mobile phase: 8:92 MeCN: 20 mM ammonium acetate adjusted to pH 5 with glacial acetic acid Flow rate: 1 Injection volume: 50 Detector: UV 254
CHROMATOGRAM

Retention time: 8.4 Limit of detection: 200 ng/mL

OTHER SUBSTANCES

Also analyzed: ampicillin, azlocillin, aztreonam, cefmenoxime, cefoperazone, cefsulodin, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cloxacillin, desacetylcefotaxime, mezlocillin, penicillin G, piperacillin, ticarcillin
KEYWORDS

serum
REFERENCE
Jehl, R; Birckel, P.; Monteil, H. Hospital routine analysis of penicillins, third-generation cephalosporins and aztreonam by conventional and high-speed high-performance liquid chromatography. J.Chromatogr., 1987, 413, 109-119

SAMPLE

Matrix: blood Sample preparation: 100 |JLL Serum H - 1 mL MeCN, vortex, centrifuge at 2000 g for 10 min. Remove the aqueous phase and add it to 2.5 mL dichloromethane, vortex, centrifuge, inject a 25 |xL aliquot of the upper aqueous layer.
HPLCVARIABLES

Column: 150 X 3.9 5 |xm C18 (Waters) Mobile phase: MeCN: 100 mM phosphate 8:92, pH 5.6 Flow rate: 1.2 Injection volume: 25 Detector: UV 254

CHROMATOGRAM Internal standard: cefotaxime OTHER SUBSTANCES Extracted: cefaclor KEYWORDS serum; mouse; cefotaxime is IS REFERENCE
Onyeji, CO.; Nicolau, D.P.; Nightingale, C.H.; Quintiliani, R. Optimal times above MICs of ceftibuten and cefaclor in experimental intra-abdominal infections. Antimicrob.Agents Chemother., 1994, 38, 1112-1117

SAMPLE Matrix: blood Sample preparation: Condition a C8 SPE cartridge with 1 mL MeOH: DMF 90:10 and 1 mL 1% phosphoric acid, do not allow to go dry. 200 |xL Plasma + 1 mL 1 |xg/mL cefaclor in 1% phosphoric acid + 200 jxL MeCN : 1 % phosphoric acid 1:99, add to the SPE cartridge, wash with 1 mL MeOH: 1% phosphoric acid 5:95, wash with 500 jxL 1% phosphoric acid, elute the contents of the SPE cartridge onto the analytical column with the mobile phase. HPLCVARIABLES Guard column: 12 X 4.6 7 jxm Newguard C8 Column: 250 X 4.6 5 |xm IB-SIL C18 (Phenomenex) Mobile phase: MeCN:MeOH:50 mM pH 6.0 sodium acetate buffer 4:4:92 (After elution of IS inject 1 mL MeCN: water 90:10 to remove late eluting peaks.) Flow rate: 2 Detector: UV 254 CHROMATOGRAM Retention time: 18.2 Internal standard: cefaclor (14.1) OTHER SUBSTANCES Extracted: caffeine, cefpodoxime Noninterfering: acetaminophen, amikacin, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, gentamicin, nafcillin, phenytoin, ticarcillin, tobramycin, vancomycin Interfering: theophylline KEYWORDS SPE; plasma REFERENCE
Steenwyk, R.C.; Brewer, J.E.; Royer, M.E.; Cathcart, K.S. Reversed-phase liquid chromatographic determination of cefpodoxime in human plasma. J.Liq.Chromatogr., 1991, 14, 3641-3656

SAMPLE Matrix: blood Sample preparation: 500 |xL Serum + 500 |xL ice-cold 100 |xg/mL cefoperazone in MeOH: 100 mM pH 5.2 sodium acetate 70:30, vortex for 30 s, hold at -20 for 10 min, centrifuge at 1500 g for 10 min, inject 15 jxL of supernatant. HPLCVARIABLES Guard column: 10 |xm C18 Guard-PAK

Column: 300 X 3.9 10 |xm ixBondapak C18 Mobile phase: MeCN: 10 mM pH 7.5 phosphate buffer containing 10 mM hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide 18:82 Flow rate: 2 Injection volume: 15 Detector: UV 254
CHROMATOGRAM

Internal standard: cefoperazone Limit of detection: 800 ng/mL

KEYWORDS

serum
REFERENCE
Deeter, R.G.; Weinstein, M.P.; Swanson, K.A.; Gross, J.S.; Bailey, L.C. Crossover assessment of serum bactericidal activity and pharmacokinetics of five broad-spectrum cephalosporins in the elderly. Antimicrob.Agents Chemother., 1990, 34, 1007-1013

SAMPLE

Matrix: blood Sample preparation: Mix 100 IJLL plasma + 300 |xL 5 |xg/mL cefotaxime in pH 3.5 10 mM acetate buffer and keep at 4. Inject 100 |xL onto column A with mobile phase A. After 5 min backflush column A with mobile phase B onto column B for 3 min. Re-equilibrate column A with mobile phase A for 16 min.
HPLCVARIABLES

Column: A 40 X 2 37-50 ^m Corasil RP C18; B 20 X 4 25-40 |xm Lichrosorb RP-8 + 250 X 4 Partisil ODS-3 Mobile phase: A 10 mM pH 3.5 acetate buffer; B MeCN: 20 mM pH 4.3 acetate buffer 15:85 Flow rate: 1 Injection volume: 100 Detector: UV 254
CHROMATOGRAM

Retention time: 10.3 Internal standard: cefotaxime Limit of detection: 500 ng/mL
OTHER SUBSTANCES

Simultaneous: cefoxitin, cefuroxime, cephalexin, cephaloridine Noninterfering: alclofenac, aspirin, caffeine, cefadroxil, cefamandole, cefazolin, cefoperazone, cefotiam, cephalothin, diclofenac, ibuprofen, indomethacin, ketoprofen, lonazolac, mefenamic acid, naproxen, phenylbutazone, piroxicam
KEYWORDS

plasma; column-switching; cefotaxime is IS; rat; human

REFERENCE
Lee, YJ.; Lee, H.S. Simultaneous determination of cefoxitin, cefuroxime, cephalexin and cephaloridine in plasma using HPLC and a column-switching technique. Chromatographia, 1990, 30, 80-84

SAMPLE Matrix: blood

Sample preparation: 500 |JLL Plasma 4- 1 mL MeCN, vortex for 3 s, centrifuge for 5 min. Remove the upper layer and add it to 3 mL dichloromethane, shake for 5 min, centrifuge, inject a 20 |xL aliquot of the aqueous phase. HPLCVARIABLES Column: 250 X 4.6 7 |xm Eicompak MA-ODS (Eicom Corp.) Mobile phase: MeCN: 10 mM pH 4.2 acetate buffer 15:85 Injection volume: 20 Detector: UV 254 CHROMATOGRAM Retention time: 4.1 Internal standard: cefotaxime OTHER SUBSTANCES Extracted: cefotiam KEYWORDS plasma; cefotaxime is IS REFERENCE
Chiba, K.; Tsuchiya, M.; Kato, J.; Ochi, K.; Kawa, Z.; Ishizaki, T. Cefotiam disposition in markedly obese athlete patients, Japanese sumo wrestlers. Antimicrob.Agents Chemother., 1989, 33, 1188-1192

SAMPLE Matrix: blood Sample preparation: 200 |xL Serum + 100 |xL water + 1 mL MeCN, vortex for 5 s, centrifuge at 30 g for 5 min. Remove the supernatant and add it to 1.5 mL dichloromethane, vortex for 5 s, centrifuge for 5 min, inject a 10-20 fxL aliquot of the upper aqueous layer. HPLCVARIABLES Guard column: 50 mm long CO:PELL ODS Column: 300 X 3.9 pJBondapak C18 Mobile phase: MeCN: water .-glacial acetic acid 13:84.2:2.8 Flow rate: 1.5 Injection volume: 10-20 Detector: UV 310 CHROMATOGRAM Retention time: 9 Internal standard: cefotaxime Limit of detection: 250 ng/mL OTHER SUBSTANCES Extracted: ceftizoxime Simultaneous: cefamandole, cefazolin, cefoxitin, ceftriaxone, cephalexin, cephaloridine, cephapirin, moxalactam Noninterfering: amikacin, apalcillin, carbenicillin, cefoperazone, clindamycin, erythromycin, gentamicin, penicillin, piperacillin, ticarcillin, tobramycin, vancomycin KEYWORDS serum; cefotaxime is IS; this assay can be used for cefotaxime-see Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 1987; 31; 1177 REFERENCE
McCormick, E.M.; Echols, R.M.; Rosano, T.G. Liquid chromatographic assay of ceftizoxime in sera of normal and uremic patients. Antimicrob.Agents Chemother., 1984, 25, 336-338

SAMPLE

Matrix: blood Sample preparation: 300 [xL Plasma + 300 \xL IS in ice-cold MeOH: 100 mM pH 5.2 sodium acetate 70:30, vortex for 30 s, let stand at -20 for 10 min, centrifuge at 1500 g for 10 min, inject a 10 |xL aliquot.
HPLCVARIABLES

Guard column: 4 X 4 10 |xm C18 Column: 300 X 4 10 |xm ^Bondapak C18 Mobile phase: MeCN: MeOH: 100 mM sodium acetate 11.52:0.48:88, pH 5.2 Flow rate: 2.5 Injection volume: 10 Detector: UV 254
CHROMATOGRAM Retention time: 6

Internal standard: 8-chlorotheophylline (4) Limit of detection: 500 ng/mL

OTHER SUBSTANCES

Extracted: cefoperazone, cefoxitin, cephalexin, cephaloridine

KEYWORDS

plasma
REFERENCE
Signs, S.A.; File, T.M.; Tan, J.S. High-pressure liquid chromatographic method for analysis of cephalosporins. Antimicrob.Agents Chemother., 1984, 26, 652-655

SAMPLE

Matrix: blood Sample preparation: Mix serum with an equal volume of 250 |xg/mL 4'-nitroacetanilide in MeCN: MeOH 90:10, mix, let stand at room temperature for 10 min, mix, centrifuge at 12800 g for 2 min, inject a 25 |JLL aliquot of the supernatant.
HPLCVARIABLES

Guard column: RCSS Guard-Pak (Waters) Column: 100 X 8 C18 Radial Pak (Waters) Mobile phase: MeOH: 0.75% acetic acid 30:70, pH adjusted to 5.5 with triethylamine Flow rate: 3 Injection volume: 25 Detector: UV 254
CHROMATOGRAM

Retention time: 3.0 Internal standard: 4'-nitroacetanilide (12.4) Limit of detection: 3 (xg/mL
OTHER SUBSTANCES

Extracted: cefamandole, cefazolin, cefoxitin, cephapirin, chloramphenicol Simultaneous: acetaminophen, N-acetylprocainamide, cefaclor, cephalexin, cephalothin, cimetidine, miconazole, moxalactam, procainamide, sulfamethoxazole, theophylline, tobramycin, vancomycin
KEYWORDS

serum

REFERENCE
Danzer, L.A. Liquid-chromatographic determination of cephalosporins and chloramphenicol in serum. Clin.Chem., 1983, 29, 856-858

SAMPLE Matrix: blood Sample preparation: Prepare an anion-exchange SPE cartridge in a 6 mL syringe barrel with a filter paper disc in the bottom. Pack with DEAE-A-25 Sephadex in PBS to a bed volume of 3 mL, wash with PBS, place filter paper on top. Add 500 |xL serum to SPE cartridge, add 500 jxL PBS to SPE cartridge, wash with 4 mL PBS, elute with 5 mL 1 M NaCl, inject a 100 |xL aliquot of the eluate. (PBS was 8 g NaCl, 1.15 g Na2HPO4, 0.2 g KCl, and 0.2 g KH2PO4 in 1 L water, pH 7.2.) HPLCVARIABLES Column: 300 X 4 10 |xm octadecylsilane Mobile phase: MeCN: buffer 13:87 (Buffer was water adjusted to pH 2.8 with acetic acid, about 1.5 mL/L.) Flow rate: 1.5 Injection volume: 100 Detector: UV 270 CHROMATOGRAM Retention time: 7.7 Limit of quantitation: 1 jxg/mL OTHER SUBSTANCES Extracted: metabolites, cephapirin Noninterfering: amikacin, amphotericin B, azathioprine, carbenicillin, chloral hydrate, cimetidine, dopamine, fluphenazine, furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide, insulin, levothyroxine, methylprednisolone, nitroglycerin, oxacillin, prednisone, procainamide, sulfamethoxazole, tolazamide, tolbutamide, triamterene, trimethoprim Interfering: cefoxitin KEYWORDS serum; SPE REFERENCE
Fasching, CE.; Peterson, L.R. Anion-exchange extraction of cephapirin, cefotaxime, and cefoxitin from serum for liquid chromatography. Antimicrob.Agents Chemother., 1982, 21, 628-633

SAMPLE Matrix: blood, urine Sample preparation: Plasma. 200 JJLL Plasma + 20 |xL 0.45 N phosphoric acid + 100 |JLL methanol + 20 jxL 270 |xmol/L cephalexin, vortex 15 s, centrifuge for 3 min, remove 100 |JLL supernatant, inject 20 |xL. Urine. 10 |xL Urine + 0.5 mL water + 20 |xL 270 |xmol/L cephalexin, vortex 15 s, remove 100 |JLL supernatant, inject 20 |xL. HPLCVARIABLES Guard column: 100 X 4.7 Co:Pell ODS Column: 120 X 4.7 LiChrosorb RP-18 Mobile phase: MeOH: 10 mM tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate and 20 mM K3PO4 and 20 mM KH2PO4 20:80 Flow rate: 1 Injection volume: 20 Detector: UV 254

CHROMATOGRAM Retention time: 11 Internal standard: cephalexin Limit of detection: 1 nmol/mL (plasma); 50 nmol/mL (urine) OTHER SUBSTANCES Simultaneous: cefotiam KEYWORDS plasma REFERENCE
Lecaillon, J.B.; Rouan, M.C.; Souppart, C; Febvre, N.; Juge, F. Determination of cefsulodin, cefotiam, cephalexin, cefotaxime, deacetylcefotaxime, cefuroxime and cefroxadin in plasma and urine by highperformance liquid chromatography. J.Chromatogr., 1982, 228, 257-267

SAMPLE Matrix: bulk, formulations Sample preparation: Dissolve in water, inject a 20 |xL aliquot. HPLCVARIABLES Column: 300 X 3.9 10 |xm ixBondapak C18 Mobile phase: MeOH: water: acetic acid 30:70:0.1 Flow rate: 1 Injection volume: 20 Detector: UV 254 CHROMATOGRAM Retention time: 8.5 Limit of quantitation: 760 ng/mL OTHER SUBSTANCES Simultaneous: impurities, cefaclor, cefadroxil, cefamandole, cefamandole nafate, cefazolin, cefoperazone, cefoxitin, ceftizoxime, cephalexin, cephalothin, cephapirin, cephradine REFERENCE
Ting, S. Reverse-phase liquid chromatographic analysis of cephalosporins. J.Assoc.Off.Anal.Chem., 1988, 71, 1123-1130

SAMPLE Matrix: cell suspensions Sample preparation: Filter (0.45 |xm). HPLCVARIABLES Column: 150 X 4.6 5 |xm Ultrasphere IP ion pair Mobile phase: MeOH: 100 mM sodium perchlorate adjusted to pH 2.5 with concentrated sulfuric acid 35:65 Flow rate: 1 Injection volume: 20 Detector: UV 254 CHROMATOGRAM Retention time: 4.6

OTHER SUBSTANCES Extracted: cefpirome Interfering: carumonam (UV 295), ceftriaxone REFERENCE
Bellido, R; Pechere, J.-C; Hancock, R.E.W. Novel method for measurement of outer membrane permeability to new p-lactams in intact Enterobacter cloacae cells. Antimicrob.Agents Chemother., 1991,

35, 68-72 SAMPLE Matrix: formulations Sample preparation: Mix an aliquot with an equal volume of 5 mg/mL cefoxitin, dilute with water, inject a 20 |xL aliquot. HPLCVARIABLES Column: 150 X 3.9 5 p,m Resolve (Waters) Mobile phase: MeCN:buffer 18:86 (Buffer was 2.46 g anhydrous sodium acetate, 8 mL glacial acetic acid, and 200 mg tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate in 1 L water, pH 3.0.) Flow rate: 1.2 Injection volume: 20 Detector: UV 254 CHROMATOGRAM Retention time: 2.3 Internal standard: cefoxitin (3.0) OTHER SUBSTANCES Simultaneous: metronidazole KEYWORDS stability-indicating; injections; saline REFERENCE
Belliveau, P.P.; Nightingale, C.H.; Quintiliani, R. Stability of cefotaxime sodium and metronidazole in 0.9% sodium chloride injection or in ready-to-use metronidazole bags. Am.J.Health-Syst.Pharm., 1995,52, 1561-1563

SAMPLE Matrix: formulations Sample preparation: Dilute 1:5 with water, inject a 20

JJLL

aliquot.

HPLCVARIABLES Column: 150 X 3.9 4 um jxBondapak C18 Mobile phase: MeCN.buffer 7:93 (Buffer was 20 mM KH2PO4 and 5 mM triethylamine adjusted to pH 4.8 with NaOH.) Flow rate: 1.5 Injection volume: 20 Detector: UV 270 CHROMATOGRAM Retention time: 8.44 OTHER SUBSTANCES Simultaneous: desacetylcefotaxime, metronidazole

KEYWORDS stability-indicating; injections; water REFERENCE

Rivers, T.E.; McBride, H.A.; Trang, J.M. Stability of cefotaxime sodium and metronidazole in an i.v. admixture at 80C. Am.J.Hosp.Pharm., 1991, 48, 2638-2640

SAMPLE Matrix: solutions Sample preparation: Inject an aliquot of a 50 |xg/mL solution in water. HPLCVARIABLES Guard column: 4 x 4 5 |xm Lichrospher 100 C18 Column: 250 X 4 5 [xm Lichrospher 100 C18 Mobile phase: MeOHibuffer 20:80 (Buffer was 3.5 g KH2PO4 and 11.6 g Na2HPO4.12H2O in 1 L water.) FIo1W rate: 1 Injection volume: 20 Detector: UV 254 KEYWORDS comparison with CE REFERENCE
Fabre, H.; Castaneda Penalvo, G. Capillary electrophoresis as an alternative method for the determination of cefotaxime. J.Liq.Chromatogr., 1995, 18, 3877-3887

SAMPLE Matrix: solutions HPLC VARIABLES Column: 250 X 4 5 \xm Spherisorb ODS II Mobile phase: Gradient. A was MeOHibuffer 4:20. B was MeOHibuffer 7:20. A:B 100:0 for 8 min, to 0:100 over 21 min, maintain at 0:100 for 4 min. Re-equilibrate at initial conditions for 2 min. (Buffer was KH2PO4ZNa2HPO4.) Column temperature: 25 Flow rate: 1 Detector: UV 235 OTHER SUBSTANCES Simultaneous: impurities REFERENCE
Wetterich, U.; Mutschler, E. Quality of cefotaxime sodium preparations. Arzneimittelforschung, 1995, 45, 74-80

SAMPLE Matrix: solutions Sample preparation: Prepare a 2.5-5 |xg/mL solution, inject a 20 |xL aliquot. HPLCVARIABLES Column: 80 X 4.6 3.65 |xm Zorbax Rx-SIL (similar to Zorbax SB-C8 (Mac-Mod Analytical)) Mobile phase: MeCN: 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid 18:82 Flow rate: 1

Injection volume: 20 Detector: UV 254 CHROMATOGRAM Retention time: k' 2.6 REFERENCE
Kirkland, K.M.; McCombs, D.A.; Kirkland, J.J. Rapid, high-resolution high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of antibiotics. J.Chromatogr.A, 1994, 660, 327-337

SAMPLE Matrix: solutions Sample preparation: Dissolve in 100 mM pH 10.5 carbonate buffer at a concentration of 0.113 mM, inject 50 uX. aliquots. HPLCVARIABLES Column: 250 X 4.6 10 |xm Spherisorb ODS-2 Mobile phase: MeCN: 10 mM ammonium acetate 6:94, pH 6.50 Flow rate: 1.1 Injection volume: 50 Detector: UV 235 CHROMATOGRAM Retention time: 9.28 OTHER SUBSTANCES Simultaneous: degradation products REFERENCE
Vilanova, B.; Mufioz, R; Donoso, J.; Frau, J.; Garcia Blanco, F. Alkaline hydrolysis of cefotaxime. A HPLC and 1H NMR study. J.Pharm.ScL, 1994, 83, 322-327

SAMPLE Matrix: solutions Sample preparation: Separate buffer containing drug from human serum albumin by centrifuging at 37 at 700 g for 3 min using a Micropartition System MPS-I (Amicon) unit, inject a 10-20 (xL aliquot of the ultrafiltrate. HPLCVARIABLES Guard column: C18/Corasil (Waters) Column: 300 X 3.9 ixBondapak C18 Mobile phase: MeCN: 10 mM ammonium acetate 10:90 Flow rate: 1.5 Injection volume: 10-20 Detector: UV 240 OTHER SUBSTANCES Also analyzed: cefuroxime, cephacetrile REFERENCE
Terasaki, T.; Nouda, H.; Tsuji, A. Relationship between lipophilicity and binding affinity with human serum albumin for penicillin and cephem antibiotics. J.Pharmacobiodyn., 1992, 15, 99-106

SAMPLE Matrix: solutions

HPLCVARIABLES Column: 250 X 4 OmniPac PCX-500 (Dionex) Mobile phase: Gradient. A was MeCN: 90 mM perchloric acid 13.5:86.5. B was MeCN: 300 mM perchloric acid 45:55. A:B from 100:0 to 0:100 over 7 min, maintain at 0:100.

Flow rate: 1 Detector: UV 254

CHROMATOGRAM Retention time: 9.5 OTHER SUBSTANCES Simultaneous: 7-aminocephalosproranic acid, cefadroxil, cefazolin, cephalexin, cephaloridine, cephalosporin C, cephalothin, cephapirin, D-hydroxyphenylglycine REFERENCE
Slingsby, R.W.; Rey, M. Determination of Pharmaceuticals by multi-phase chromatography: Combined reversed phase and ion exchange in one column. J.Liq.Chromatogr., 1990, 13, 107-134

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

Changqin, H.; Shaohong, S.; Kaimin, W. The chromatographic behavior of cephalosporins in gel nitration chromatography, a novel method to separate high molecular weight impurities. J.Pharm. Biomed.Anal., 1994, 12, 533-541 [also cefadroxil, cefamandole, cefmenoxime, cefoperazone, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cephalexin, cephaloridine, cephalothin, cephradine] Fabre, H.; Fell, A.F. Comparison of techniques for peak purity testing of cephalosporins. J.Liq.Chromatogr., 1992, 15, 3031-3043 [also theophylline] Haginaka, J.; Yasuda, N.; Wakai, J.; Matsunaga, H.; Yasuda, H.; Kimura, Y. Internal-surface reversedphase silica support for direct injection determination of drugs in biological fluids by liquid chromatography. Anal.Chem., 1989, 61, 2445-2448 [direct injection; ISRP; serum; extracted cefamandole, cefmenoxime] Paap, CM.; Nahata, M.C. A novel micromethod for the simultaneous analysis of cefotaxime and desacetylcefotaxime from plasma using ion pair high performance liquid chromatography. J.Liq.Chromatogr., 1989, 12, 2385-2395 [plasma; cefoxitin (IS); also acetaminophen, caffeine, cefazolin, methicillin, theophylline, vancomycin; non-interfering ampicillin, gentamicin, ibuprofen, phenobarbital] Hakim, L.; Bourne, D.W.; Triggs, E.J. High-performance liquid chromatographic assay of cefotaxime, desacetylcefotaxime and ceftriaxone in rat plasma. J.Chromatogr., 1988, 424, 111-117 Hary, L.; Andrejak, M. [Analysis of serum cefotaxime and desacetylcefotaxime by high performance liquid ion exchange chromatography]. J.Chromatogr., 1987, 419, 396-400 Yost, R.L.; Derendorf, H. Rapid chromatographic determination of cefotaxime and its metabolite in biological fluids. J.Chromatogr., 1985, 341, 131-138 Bawdon, R.E.; Novick, W.J.; Hemsell, D.L.; Welch, W.D. High-pressure liquid chromatographic assay of cefotaxime and desacetylcefotaxime in human myometrium. J.Liq.Chromatogr., 1984, 7, 2483-2491 [SPE] Demotes-Mainard, F; Vingon, G.; Bouchet, J.L.; Jarry, C; Albin, H. [Assay of cefotaxime and desacetylcefotaxime in plasma and urine by high performance liquid chromatography]. Ann Biol.Clin.(Paris), 1984, 42, 301-305 LeBeI, M.; Ericson, J.F.; Pitkin, D.H. Improved high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay method for ceftizoxime. J.Liq.Chromatogr., 1984, 7, 961-968 [simultaneous ceftizoxime; cefotaxime is IS] Nygard, G.; Wahba Kahlil, S.K. An isocratic HPLC method for the determination of cephalosporins in plasma. J.Liq.Chromatogr., 1984, 7, 1461-1475 [plasma; cephapirin (IS); column temp 45; extracted cefamandole, cefazolin, cefonicid, cefoperazone, cefoxitin, cephalothin]