Exam 2 Review UNIV102 Test will cover sections 2.1-2.

7, as well as Radicals/Exponents/Factoring (AC Method) Important things to remember:

Exponent Rules:
When multiplying, the exponents are added: ! ! = !!! When dividing, the exponents are subtracted: ! = !!! ! When taking an exponent to another power, the exponents are multiplied: ( ! )! = ! ! Negative exponents? Take the reciprocal: 1 !! = ! Anything to the 0th power will always equal 1: ! = 1 Practice questions for exponents: Homework #2A (questions 5, 6, and 8) page A5 Additional practice:

(2 ! )! =
!

!! ! !! ! ! !

!! ! ! ! !!

Radicals
Refer to page A5 (Homework #2A) for questions about radicals. I worked out problem #2 from Homework #2A below:

48! !" 1) First, find perfect squares of 48. 1 48 = 48 2 24 = 48 3 16 = 48 16 is a perfect square. Use this. 2) Rewrite the number 48 inside of the radical, using the perfect square. 3 4 4 ! !" 3) Take the 4 out of the radical. 4 3 ! !" 4) Since ! has an odd exponent, we need to rewrite it to have an even exponent. ! = ! ! (Addition rule of multiplying exponents!) 4 3 ! ! !" 5) Take anything out of the radical that has an even exponent. Leave whatever is left over inside of the radical (couples go out, singles stay in!) When you take something out of the radical, you need to take the square root of it. If the exponent is even, just divide the exponent by 2 when you take it out. 4! ! 3 Here is the answer.

 Also remember to review solving equations. You can find examples of this on

pages A11, A12, and A15.

Inequalities
Solving inequalities is much like solving equations, except you need to be careful about which direction the inequality symbol points. For the most part, the inequality will not change direction. There are two instances where the inequality will flip. 1) If you multiply or divide by a negative number. 5 10 > 5 5 < 2 The sign flips because you divided by -5!

2) If you swap the answers on both sides. 5 > 10 10 < 5

Since you switched which sides the terms were on, you need to flip the inequality as well.

Factoring
We can factor expressions using guess-and-check or the AC Method. The AC method is useful when you have a coefficient before the first term. For example:

4 ! + 6 10
The equation is written in ! + + form. In the above example: A=4 B=6 C = -10 1) Multiply A and C together:

4 10 = 40
2) Find numbers that will multiply to -40 and add up to 6 (the middle term, B)

1 40 2 20 -4 and 10 will add up to 6 and multiply to -40.

3) Rewrite the original equation and break up the middle term:

4 ! 4 + 10 10

If you notice, this is still the same equation as the original question, except the middle term is broken up. 4) Treat each half of the expression as two separate parts.

4 ! 4 + 10 10

5) Factor out each half.

4 1 + 10( 1)
6) ( 1) is common to both terms. 7) Therefore, we can write the final answer like this:

( 1)(4 + 10)
8) Check using the FOIL method (first, outer, inner, last). 4 + 10 + 1 4 + 1 10 = 4 ! + 10 4 10 = 4 ! + 6 10

Percentages
There will be a couple questions on the test dealing with percentages. Percentages have many useful applications, such as calculating the tip at a restaurant, or seeing how much something will cost with the sales tax. Example 1: What percentage of 48 is 6? To solve this problem, think about it like this: 6 is some percentage of 48. That some percentage is our unknown and we can write an equation using a variable for our unknown: 6 = ( )(48) Then, solve for x. 6 = 48

= 0.125 In order to have the answer in the correct form, convert 0.125 into a percentage by moving the decimal place to the right two places (or, multiply by 100). Final answer: 6 is 12.5% of 48. Example 2: You spend $36.85 at your favorite restaurant, and you and your friend decide to tip the waitress 20%. How much of a tip will you give? To solve this, you need to know: What is 20% of $36.85? First, convert the percentage into a decimal. 20% = 0.20 = (0.20)(36.85) = 7.37 Final answer: The tip will be $7.37.