Malaysia

The Malaysian Department of Agriculture began registration of local durian clones since 1934 and currently 197 clones have been registered. Three durian cultivars or clones D24, D99 (Gob kecil), D123 (Chanee) are officially recommended for commercial planting in their respective agroclimatic zones. These 3 clones are in Class I and have undergone extensive performance evaluation for at least 10 fruiting seasons.

Cultivar D24 and Agroclimatic Zones

Cultivar D99 and Agroclimatic Zones

Cultivar D123 and Agroclimatic Zones Another 4 cultivars or clones D145 (Beserah), D158 (Gan Yau), D159 (Monthong), and D169 (Tok Litok) have interim recommendation for commercial planting in certain areas only. They are in Class II and have also undergone extensive performance evaluation for at least 5 fruiting seasons. They have the potential to be upgraded to Class I. D145 (Beserah) is suitable for planting in the District of Kuantan, Pahang. D158 (Gan Yau) and D159 (Monthong) are suitable for commercial planting in the Kuala Muda District in Kedah. D169 (Tok Litok) is recommended for commercial planting in the Tanah Merah District in Kelantan ================================================ The Malaysian Department of Agriculture has published a descriptors list of 13 durian varieties which have been registered with the department. It's in Bahasa Malaysia and you can get a free copy HERE.

=========================================== The Malaysian Agricultural and Research Development Institute (MARDI) has released 3 hybrids durian clones which are high-yielding, of superior quality, early fruiting (5 to 6 years) and also show moderate to good tolerance

toPhytophthora patch canker disease. MDUR78 (registered as D188) and MDUR79 (registered as D189 ) were released in September 1991 and MDUR88 (registered as D190) was released in June 1992. Although these 3 hybrids clones are not officially recommended by the Department of Agriculture for commercial planting, they have undergone extensive evaluation by MARDI and can be considered as good quality commercial clones.

Recommended durian clones of Malaysia ================================================= Besides planting the commercial clones recommended by the Department of Agriculture and MARDI, many durian farmers also planted their preferred clones which are NOT officially recommended. In Penang, popular clones planted are D163 (Hor Lor), D164 (Ang Bak), and D175 (Ang Hea).

In Perak, D120 (Manong or KK5), D146 (Lempur Mas), D148 (Durian Paduka)

and D150 (Empang Mas). In Selangor, D160 (Buluh Bawah), D162 (Tawa) and Penu (MDUR 505). In Johore, D168 (Mas Hajah Hasnah). ========================================

Some of the recommended as well as popular durian cultivars or clones are described below:

Clone No: D 2 Local Name: Dato Nina Date Registered: 1934 Origin (Owner/Place): Melaka

Remarks: A medium -large, erect tree which flowers well but yields poorly. It exhibits good tolerance to Phytophthora stem canker. Its average fruit size is about 1.3-1.8 kg. The fruit is mostly deformed, kidney-shaped, lopsided with small sharp spines and difficult to open despite its thin wall. Its aril is thick, bronze- yellow, firm and of excellent taste. Its deformed shape means only a few locules are present and each has 1-2 arils. =======================================================

Clone No: D 24 Local Name: Sultan Date Registered: 1937 Origin (Owner/Place): Bukit Merah, Perak

Remarks: Most popular clone. The tree is large with a broad, pyramidal canopy. It flowers regularly and bears 100-150 fruits/tree/year. Each fruit is about 1-2 kg, ellipsoid to oval shape with thick, light green rind and 1-4 arils/locule. The flesh is yellow, thick, firm, smooth, sweet and nutty with a slightly bitter taste. Unfortunately, it is extremely susceptible to Phytophthora and also exhibits physiological uneven pulp ripening.

====================================================== Clone No: D 98 Local Name: Katoi Date Registered: Origin (Owner/Place): Introduced from Thailand

Remarks: Large fruit with thick white pulp. Average flesh quality. Use as pollinater clone.

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Clone No: D 99 Local Name: Kop Kecil or Gob Date Registered: 17.6.1970 Origin (Owner/Place): Thailand

Remarks: A medium-sized tree, low branching with loose canopy and it exhibits biennial bearing. A 10-15 years old tree produces 100-130 fruits/season. This variety crops early and is tolerant to Phytophthora as well as to dry environment. This variety is a good pollinizer clone for other varieties. Fruits are usually bell-shaped to lychee shaped sometimes round with a slight depression at the apical end, lobed with distinct grooves delineating the locules. Average fruit weighs 1-1.5 kg, yellowish-brown, light green with densely packed, long spines which are recurved at the tip. The fruit peduncle is medium length and thick. The rind is uniformly thin and easily split open exposing the very thick, creamy , sweet, nutty, firm and golden-yellow flesh. The aroma is pleasant. There are usually 2 -3 large arils/locule. =======================================================

Clone No: D 114 Local Name: Kampun Date Registered:

Origin (Owner/Place): Kuala Kangsar, Perak, Malaysia. Probably introduced from Thailand Remarks: Use as pollinater clone. ======================================================

Clone No: D 123 Local Name: Chanee Date Registered: 14.7.1971 Origin (Owner/Place): Pertab Singh, Rim Nursery, Sg. Buluh, Selangor

Remarks: Thai origin. Big and elongated, brownish-green fruit with moderately thick rind and rough spines, brown at the tips. Peduncle short and thick. The flesh is creamy, firm, sweet, golden-yellow with a strong aroma. =================================================

Clone No: D 145 Local Name: Tuan Mek Hijau or Beserah Date Registered: 30.10.1981 Origin (Owner/Place): En. Khidzir Engku Ali; Beserah, Pahang

Remarks: It ripens green and produces moderately large, 1.3-1.5 kg, round to oval fruits. It bears less frequently but yields a good crop. The fruit rind is moderately thick and encloses 1-4 arils/locule in a single row. The flesh is thick, bright yellow, fine-textured, sweet and nutty with a good aroma. This clone is susceptible to Phytophthora.

===================================================== Clone No: D 146 Local Name: Lumpur Mas or Golden Mud Date Registered: 2.4.1985 Origin (Owner/Place): Kg. Ulu Lumpur, Kuala Kangsar, Perak

Remarks: It won the top prize at the Perak State Durian Competition in Taiping in 1983. The fruit weighs 1-3 kg, ellipsoid in shape and dark green. The aril is large with yellowish, sweet and delicious flesh.

===================================================== Clone No: D 148 Local Name: Paduka Date Registered: 2.4.1985 Origin (Owner/Place): Kg. Gajah, Perak

Remarks: Winner in the Durian State Competition held in Perak in 1985. The fruit is moderately large, round with delicate spines. The sweet yellow flesh is of moderate quality. ===================================================== Clone No: D 150 Local Name: Emping Mas Date Registered: 2.4.1985 Origin (Owner/Place): Bukit Sempeneh, Batu Kurau, Perak

Remarks: Won second prize in the 1985 Perak Durian competition held at Kg. Gajah. The fruit is elongated, tapering at the apical end and brownish green, with a moderately long, 9 cm peduncle. The aril is thick and large with fine-textured, yellow flesh. =====================================================

Clone No: D 158 Local Name: Kan Yau or Gaan Yaow or Tangkai Panjang Date Registered: 30.6.1987 Origin (Owner/Place): Hj. Omar Hj. Bin, Kg. Raja, Guar Cempedak, Kedah

Remarks: It produces round or globose, brownish -yellow fruit with moderately thick rind and sharp, straight, dense spines. There are 3 large arils/locule. The flesh is thick, creamy, firm, sweet, golden-yellow with a pleasant aroma which is not strong. =============================================

Clone No: D 159 Local Name: Bantal Mas or Golden Pillow or Monthong Date Registered: 30.6.1987 Origin (Owner/Place): Hj. Ahmad Yaakob, Bukit Besar, Kota Sarang, Semut,

Kedah

Remarks: This clone was introduced from Thailand and bears very large, elongated, oval fruit with a tapering sharp apex, weighing 4-6 kg,. The large, yellow aril is sweet and of excellent quality.

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Clone No: D 160 Local Name: Buluh Bawah Date Registered: 30.6.1987 Origin (Owner/Place): Lim Hai Chua, Banting, Selangor

Remarks: The fruit is large, 3 kg, oval to ellipsoid, green and rough, with short, widely spaced spines. The thin rind can be easily opened. The large aril has thick, firm, brownish-yellow, creamy sweet flesh of excellent quality. ================================================== Clone No: D 162 Local Name: Tawa Date Registered: 30.6.1987 Origin (Owner/Place): Lim Hai Chua, Banting, Selangor

Remarks: The fruit is medium large, elongated, and yellowish-green. The aril is medium large with firm, yellow-white pulp of excellent bitter but creamy sweet taste.

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Clone No: D 163 Local Name: Horlor or Labu Date Registered: 30.6.1987 Origin (Owner/Place): Chat Fatt Hin, Balik Pulau, Penang

Remarks: Won overall winner prize in the durian competition in Balik Pulau in 1987. The fruit is oval, cylindrical, medium size fruit with a thick rinds and short peduncle. The spines are closely spaced and of medium length. There are 2-3 arils/locule. The arils are moderately thick, yellow coloured and the flesh is smooth, creamy sweet and of excellent quality. ======================================================

Clone No: D 164 Local Name: Ang Bak or Red Flesh or Isi Merah Date Registered: 30.6.1987 Origin (Owner/Place): Teoh Eng Eng, Balik Pulau, Penang

Remarks: It won the third prize in the durian competition at Balik Pulau in 1987. It bears medium size, elongated to ellipsoid fruit with medium length, sharp, conical, densely spaced spines; medium thick rind and short peduncle. The pulp is moderately thick, orange yellow, fine textured, creamy sweet and of excellent quality.

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Clone No: D 165 Local Name: Cheh Chee or Green Fruit Date Registered: 30.6.1987 Origin (Owner/Place): Lee Toh Sem, Balik Pulau, Penang

Remarks: It produces medium size fruit, ellipsoid to round with large, long, densely spaced spines. The large aril has cream coloured, medium thick, smooth, creamy, excellent quality flesh. =================================================

Clone No: D 166 Local Name: Balik Pulau 604 Date Registered: 30.6.1987 Origin (Owner/Place): Lee Toh Sem, Balik Pulau, Penang

Remarks: The fruit is medium large, oval, green with large, short, sharp and widely spaced spines. The aril is moderately thick and the flesh is yellow, sweet and of good quality. The tree yields well. ===================================================

Clone No: D 168 Local Name: Mas Hajah Hasmah or Mas Muar or Muar Gold Date Registered: 24.5.1989 Origin (Owner/Place): Hjh. Hasmah Hj. Hashim. Muar, Johore

Remarks: The tree is moderately large and bears frequently with high yields. The fruit is round, weighs 1.4-1.6 kg, brownish green with a short peduncle. The fruit is easily open exposing 3-4 moderately large arils per locule. The pulp is orange yellow, firm, sweet and creamy. Some of the seeds are small and shrunken. =================================================

Clone No: D 169 Local Name: Tok Litok Date Registered: May 1989 Origin (Owner/Place): Wee Chong Beng, Tanah, Kelantan

Remarks: The fruit is fairly large 1.5-3 kg, ellipsoid, yellowish-green with sharp, long spines. The flesh is thick, yellow with a slight bitterness. ====================================================

Clone No: D 175 Local Name: Udang Merah or Red Prawn Date Registered: 4.6.1990 Origin (Owner/Place): Penang

Remarks: The fruit is fairly large (1.5-3 kg) elongate-ellipsoid with brown green rind and small spines. The flesh is creamy sweet, thick, soft, fine and yellow. ====================================================

Clone No: D 188 Local Name: MDUR 78 Date Registered: 30.8.1991 Origin (Owner/Place): MARDI

Remarks: A hybrid of D 10 (female) X D 24 (male). A small but high yielding tree which is comparatively resistant to Phytophthora stem canker. It bears ellipsoid, yellowish light green, 1.5-1.8 kg fruit. The flesh is thick with orange-yellow, fine textured, sweet, creamy and nutty flesh. The fruit has a shelf-life of 70 hr.

=================================================

Clone No: D 189 Local Name: MDUR 79 Date Registered: 30.8.1991 Origin (Owner/Place): MARDI

Remarks: A hybrid of the reciprocal cross of D 24 (female) X D 10 (male). A small tree which fruits regularly but produces average yields. It is resistant to Phytophthora stem canker. It bears oval, ellipsoidal dark green fruit that weighs 1 -1.6 kg. The aril is thick and large with orange yellow, fine textured, creamy, sweet and nutty flesh. The fruit is easily open and has a short storage life of 27 hr. =========================================================

Clone No: D 190 Local Name: MDUR 88 Date Registered: 1.7.1992 Origin (Owner/Place): MARDI

Remarks: This is also the reciprocal hybrid of D 24 (female) X D 10 (male). The tree is medium large, high yielding and a consistent bearer. At 7 yrs 2 fruiting season/year have been observed. It produces oval to ellipsoid, light green or yellowish green fruit with short peduncle, straight, sharp, pyramidal, quite closely spaced spines. Each fruit averages1.5- 2 kg. The pulp is thick, golden-yellow, dry, sweet and nutty. There are on the average 3-4 arils/locule ie. with 15-20 arils per fruit. This variety has a long storage life of 78-86 hr.

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Clone No: D 197

Local Name: Raja Kunyit or Musang King or Mau Shan Wang or Cat Mountain King Date Registered: 9.12.1993 Origin (Owner/Place): Wee Chong Beng, Tanah Merah, Kelantan

Remarks: Fruit shape is oval to ellipsoid and has a light green husk. It has a thick, golden yellow flesh, very smooth with little or no fibres. Sticky and creamy texture. Sweet and bitter taste. Mau Shan Wang is the most popular variety at present. Price S$13-15/kg. It is very interesting to note that the word "musang" here does not referred to the civet cat but rather to the region "Gua Musang" where this clone was first planted and became very popular among the farmers there. ==================================================

Thai Clones or Cultivars

Most of the information on Thai clones or cultivars are reported in Thai and is scanty. There are more than 200 cultivars of which about 60-80 clones are commercially cultivated. They are generally divided into 3 group according to maturity indices:

Early maturity (103-105 days) - Chanee, Gradum-tong and Lueng Medium maturity (127-130 days) - Monthong. Gob, Kan Yau, and Late maturity (140-150 days) - Gumpan, Enak, Tong-yoi-chat.

Of all the cultivated durian areas in Thailand, Monthong comprises 41%, Chanee 33%, Kan Yau 5%, Gradum-tong 2% and the rest are minor clones.

Monthong
The most important and famous durian cultivar of Thailand. It means "golden Pillow" in Thai. It produces large, elongated, oval-cylindrical fruits tapering at the stylar end. The large fruit has a pronounced beak, lobed, yellowish-brown each weighing about 2-6 kg. The peduncle is thick and moderately long and the rind is thick and covered with sharp, pointed, small, conical, densely packed spines. Each fruit has 10-15 arils and many small, shrunken (aborted) seeds. Each locule has usually 3 large, thick, creamy, smooth, pale yellow arils. The pulp has mild odour and of excellent quality, constituting more than 30% edible portion and has little physiological disorders. This cultivar is very good for processing into preserved frozen pulps. It bears fruit after 8 years of planting. Its poor fruit characters include the coarse-texture flesh, the high fibre and the flesh exhibit non-uniform ripening. It is susceptible to Phytophthora.

Chanee
"Chanee" means gibbon in Thai and belongs to the Luang cultivar group. This is an early variety which bears fruit 4-6 years after planting. The fruit is 2-4.5kg, oval to broad cylindrical, lobed and greyish brown. The peduncle is thick and moderately long, and the rind is brownish yellow, thin with blunt, large, widely spaced spines. Each locule has 3-4 arils. The bright yellow pulp is thick, fine textured, firm, creamy smooth, sweet and of excellent taste. The flesh exhibits uniform ripening. The inferior qualities include high flesh fibre, frequent physiological disorder, watery at full ripening stage, poor fruit setting and is susceptible to phytophthora and fruit borer.

Kan Yau or Gaan Yaow

"Gaan Yaow" or "Kan Yau" means long stalk in Thai. The fruit is characterized by a long, thick peduncle of 10-14cm. The fruit is lychee-shaped to globose, greyishbrown, rough with a moderately thick rind bearing short, sharp, straight, moderately dense spines. There are 3-4 large, thick arils per locule. The pulp is golden-yellow, smooth, creamy, sweet with a pleasant aroma. This cultivar has little fruit physiological disorder, low flesh fibre and good fruit setting characteristics. Each fruit weighs 2-4.5kg. The inferior fruit characters include the large seed and the high number of seeds/fruit. high incidence of wet core, branch dieback, low phytophthora resistance and poor processing properties.

Gradumtung
"Gradumtung" or "Kradumtung" means golden button in Thai. This cultivar bears fruit 4-6 years after planting and is also an early season variety in Thailand., fruiting around March. The fruit is large 2-4kg oval and symmetrically or uniformly distinctly lobed. The rind is brownish-green, thin and bears short, sharp densely packed spines. The fruit peduncle is moderately long . There are 3-4 large, thick arils/locule with yellow flesh. ================================================ Bioversity International has published a booklet on "Descriptors for Durian" and you can get a free copy HERE..