PIN Dec10 Web

ISSUE 006
DECEMBER 2010
ALL WRAPPED UP
Europe
Pipelayers Swamp construction Oando supplies southeast Nigeria
contents
DEEP CONNECTIONS
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REGULARS
From the Editor Pipes & people Advertisers Index Subscription form Coming in future issues Enbridge set to expand North Americas crude oil pipeline network Leighton awarded pipelay contract offshore Iraq Colombia moves toward construction of its longest oil pipeline OPAL Germanys pipeline gem GSPL to construct Indias two longest pipelines World Wrap Project briefs Energy security and pipeline politics in Europe A pipelayer for every season: choosing the right equipment for your next challenge Padding machines WorldWide Inside and out: benefits of pipeline coating Weld smarter: CRC-Evans new welding system with laser vision technology Getting the job done in swamp, marsh and wetland terrain Punj Lloyd: specialising in swamp pipeline construction Oando nearing completion on Nigerian pipeline
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technical
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Dealing with the technicalities of CO2 pipelines Cleaning pigs maintaining pipeline integrity Fitness-for-service assessment of unpiggable pipelines Kick start a successful business year at PPIM 2011 A snapshot of engineering contractors and their capabilities Committed to corrosion prevention: NACE International The Salaya Mathura Pipeline System HSE keeping UKs pipelines safe PLM and ek pass team-up to provide pipeline training Emerson launches Shafer SH Series gas-over-oil pipeline actuator Maats and Liebherr develop environmentally-friendly equipment Galaxy pencil brushes on trial in Gulf of Suez Industry converges on Calgary for IPC 2010 Pipeline convention down under Rehabilitation conference hits the target Get to the premier CO2 transportation event in June 2011 Solve the unpiggable pipeline puzzle in Houston this March Be the best in the business, meet the best in the business
issue 006 | December 2010
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Pipelines International | December 2010
from the editor
Editor-in-Chief: John Tiratsoo Associate Editor: Lyndsie Mewett Product Manager: Scott Pearce Journalists: Stephanie Clancy Sales Manager: Tim Thompson Senior Account Manager: David Marsh Sales Representative: David Entringer Design Manager: Michelle Bottger Designers: Lela Sablic Venysia Kurniawan Benjamin Lazaro Publisher: Chris Bland
any were injured to various degrees and eight people died in the gas pipeline explosion at around 6:11 pm on 9 September in San Bruno, California. The Pacific Gas and Electric (PG&E) Line 132 Pipeline ruptured at a road intersection in the small town in the southern suburbs of San Francisco, releasing approximately 1.7 MMcm of gas, destroying 37 houses and damaging 18 more. The effect of events such as these has the potential to impact surrounding communities in increasingly devastating ways. The scenario is becoming every pipeline operators worst nightmare as owners and operators deal with issues of encroachment. In this case since 1956, but in many other cases around the world for varying lengths of time, communities have expanded to spread into areas that were open countryside at the time of the pipelines construction. The 30 inch diameter X42 steel pipeline with 0.375 inch wall-thickness was constructed in 1956, originally coated with hot-applied asphalt, and was cathodically protected. According to the operator, the pipelines specified maximum operating pressure (MOP) was 2,586 kPa and the maximum allowable operating pressure (MAOP) for the line was 2,759 kPa. According to the US National Transportation Safety Boards (NTSB) preliminary review of the incident, a short while prior to the accident PG&E was working on its uninterruptable power supply (UPS) system at its Milpitas Terminal, around 63 km southeast of the accident site. The report states: During the course of this work, the power supply from the UPS system to the SCADA system malfunctioned so that instead of supplying an output of 24 volts, the UPS system supplied 7 volts or less to the SCADA system. Because of this anomaly, the electronic signal to the regulating valve for Line 132 was lost, resulting in the valve moving from partially open to fully open, as it had been designed to do. The pipeline pressure then increased to 2,662 kPa. The over-protection valve, which was pneumatically activated and did not require electronic input, maintained the pressure at 2,662 kPa. At about 5:45 pm, the SCADA system indicated that the pressure at PG&Es Martin Station downstream of the rupture location exceeded 2,586 kPa. The SCADA system showed that the pressure at the station continued to rise until it reached 2,689 kPa at about 6:00 pm, and at 6:08 pm, the pressure dropped to 2,662 kPa; at 6:11 pm, the pressure at Martin Station decreased to 2,492 kPa; within one minute, the pressure dropped further to 1,999 kPa.
PG&E dispatched a crew at 6:45 pm to isolate the ruptured pipe section by closing the nearest mainline valves. The upstream valve was closed at about 7:20 pm, and the downstream valve (at Healy Station) was closed at about 7:40 pm. Once the ruptured section was isolated and the gas flow was stopped, the resulting fire from the damaged pipeline self-extinguished. Later that evening, PG&E isolated the gas distribution system serving residences in the area, and within a minute of stopping the gas flow at about 11:30 pm, fires from escaping natural gas at damaged houses went out. The NTSB reports that its initial investigation of the pipe segments involved have shown that there were longitudinal fractures in the first and second pup of the ruptured segment, and a partial circumferential fracture at the girth weld between these two pups. There was also a complete circumferential fracture at the girth weld between the fourth and fifth pups in the ruptured segment. The longitudinal fracture in the first pup continued into the pipe, ending in a circumferential fracture in the middle of the pipe. It will take some time for the NTSB investigation to establish the final cause of this incident. Meanwhile, PG&E has reacted fast and responsibly, and has rapidly set up considerable funding to help the residents of San Bruno. The company has also introduced its Pipeline 2020 programme, the five areas of which will strengthen the utilitys 67,425 km of gas distribution pipelines, and 10,300 km of gas transmission pipelines, through a combination of targeted investments, research and development, improved processes and procedures, and tighter co-ordination with public agencies according to a company statement. With relation to encroachment, it is certainly not unknown for developers to have no idea that they are constructing new homes across hazardous pipelines. Vigilant operators are well aware of this issue, and work hard to maintain safe distances and rights-of-way. Increased internal inspection, route walking and overflying are all carried out, but the problem of how to manage a pipeline that was in the country and is now in the town is becoming seriously significant. The issue of encroachment is certain to be a key industry issue now and in the future.
ISSUE 006
DECEMBER 2010
d up
ALL WRAPPED UP
Europe
Cover shows construction works on the OPAL Pipeline in Germany.
Pipelayers Swamp construction Oando supplies southeast Nigeria
ISSN: 1837-1167
John Tiratsoo Editor-in-Chief
Around the world
Enbridge set to expand North Americas crude oil pipeline network

Enbridge will construct two new crude oil pipelines in Alberta, Canada, totalling 206 km, and has also launched an open season through its subsidiaries for the Bakken Expansion Programme, which will include the construction of approximately 266 km of crude oil pipeline in Canada and the USA.
The Wood Buffalo Pipeline
Enbridge has entered into an agreement with Suncor Energy to construct the 95 km, 30 inch diameter Wood Buffalo Pipeline in Alberta. The pipeline will connect Enbridges Athabasca Terminal situated adjacent to Suncors oil sands plant to the Cheecham Terminal, the origin point of Enbridges Waupisoo Pipeline, which delivers crude oil from several oil sands projects to the Edmonton mainline hub. The new pipeline will parallel Enbridges existing Athabasca Pipeline between the Athabasca and Cheecham terminals. An application has been filed with the Alberta Energy Resources and Conservation Board and is pending regulatory approval. Tenders for the construction of the pipeline are expected to be announced early 2011, and subject to obtaining regulatory approval, right-of-way (RoW) clearing and crossings construction is expected to begin in the third quarter of 2011 with construction of the pipeline expected to begin in mid-2012. The pipelines planned in-service date is mid-2013. planned to begin in July 2012, starting with the Clearwater River crossing. The facilities are expected to be in-service in the latter half of 2013. Pre-qualification for the pump station and terminal facilities tenders will start in June 2011, as will pre-qualification for the pipeline construction tender, with the tender of the pipeline construction to occur in September 2011.
PROPOSED NOREALIS PIPELINE PROJECT WOODLAND PUMPSTATION
Rio Pipeline
Conference & Exposition
2011
Athabasca River
SUNRISE ENERGY SITE
TWP-095
September 20-22
FORT MacKAY
PROPOSED NEW TERMINAL
ATHABASCA TERMINAL
TWP-092
Steepbank River
NOREALIS PIPELINE
Rio de Janeiro Brazil

TWP-089
Bakken Expansion Programme

Enbridge has launched a binding open season to solicit additional shipper interest in the Bakken Expansion Programme a series of projects to expand crude oil pipeline capacity in North Dakota, USA, and Saskatchewan, Canada, to meet the crude oil transportation needs of Williston Basin producers. In North Dakota Enbridge has proposed the Beaver Lodge Loop Project, which will involve the construction of a 72 km, 12 or 16 inch diameter looping pipeline along the existing Enbridge North Dakota System from the existing Beaver Lodge Station near Tioga to Berthold. The looping pipeline is expected to increase the capacity along the 72 km segment to approximately 315,000 bbl/d of oil. Tankage and new pump stations will also be constructed and the pipeline project will be undertaken by Enbridge Pipelines (North Dakota) LLC a subsidiary of Enbridge Energy Partners. The project is expected to be completed by the first quarter of 2013. The South of the River Truck Injection (SORTI) and Dunn projects will consist of the construction of a new 8 or 10 inch gathering pipeline system to expand the Enbridge North Dakota System, starting approximately 72 km south of its Beaver Lodge Station. The project also consists of two new stations and the associated work to prepare for two new truck facilities. The proposed expansion of Line 26/EX-02, including added facilities in North Dakota, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba, will include an expansion of the US portion of the Portal Link
Clearwater River
FORT McMURRAY
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Christina River Gordon Lake
ANZAC
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TWP-086
Call for Papers: December 17, 2010

Submission Deadline
CHEECHAM TERMINAL
TWP-083
QUIGLEY
PROPOSED NOREALIS PIPELINE WOODLAND PIPELINE-CONSTRUCTION TO BEGIN LATE 2010 WAUPISOO PIPELINE ATHABASCA PIPELINE
September 2010
TWP-080
Christina River
CHARD
881
Bohn Lake
CONKLIN
RGE-12W4 RGE-9W4
Christina Lake
RGE-06W4 RGE-03W4
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Norealis Pipeline
Enbridge will construct a 112 km, 24 inch diameter pipeline from Hartley to the companys Cheecham Terminal as part of Huskys Sunrise Oil Sands Project, located in Alberta. Under the contract Enbridge will also construct a new originating terminal at Hartley, additional tankage at Cheecham, and provide additional pipeline transportation services on its existing Regional Oil Sands System for up to 90,000 bbl/d of diluted bitumen produced from Phase 1 of the Sunrise project. The estimated cost of the project is approximately $US475 million with an initial capacity of 90,000 bbl/d, expandable to 270,000 bbl/d. Subject to obtaining regulatory approval, RoW clearing is expected to begin in late 2011/early 2012. Pipeline construction is
The Norealis Pipeline route.
(Line 26) by EEP, and the construction of two new pumping stations and enhancements of the pipeline north of Berthold. It is expected that the project will begin construction in mid-2011 and be operational by early 2013. The Canadian portion of the Portal Link (Line EX-02) will be extended with the construction of a new 121 km, 16 inch diameter pipeline from Steelman, Saskatchewan, to the Enbridge terminal at Cromer, Manitoba. Enbridge said that it is anticipated that the Canadian section of the project will begin construction mid-2012 and be completed and in-service in early 2013. Tenders for both the US and Canadian portions of the project are expected to be announced between the second quarter of 2011 and the first quarter of 2012.
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Around the world
Leighton awarded pipelay contract offshore Iraq

Leighton Offshore has signed an engineering, procurement and construction contract with Iraqs South Oil Company to install 120 km of onshore and offshore pipelines and three single point moorings in the Persian Gulf, offshore Iraq.
he scope of work to be carried out under the contract includes the installation and commissioning of two 48 inch diameter parallel pipelines, with 10 km onshore and 40 km offshore, which will link the new Fao onshore terminal to the new single point moorings (SPMs). In addition, Leighton will install and commission approximately 20 km of in-field pipelines and the shore crossing for a third pipeline to be installed during future expansions. Leighton Offshore will also be responsible for the: Installation of SPMs complete with subsea pipeline end manifolds;
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Fabrication and installation of a subsea valve manifold; and, Dredging works to achieve pipeline burial. The project will provide enhanced export facilities from the Fao Terminal near Al Basrah, and forms a major part of the South Oil Companys strategic redevelopment programme for Iraq. Leighton Offshore will use its vessels, Eclipse, Stealth and Mynx, to complete the project. The contract forms part of the Iraq Crude Oil Export Expansion Project which is developing offshore loading facilities to enable export capability of 4.5 MMbbl/d of oil.
JAN 2011
FEB 2011
Leighton Offshores Stealth vessel, which will be used to complete work for SOC in the Persian Gulf.
TRAINING
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Around the world
Around the world
Colombia moves toward construction of its longest oil pipeline Maintaining Nigerias pipeline integrity
Nestoil has completed commissioning activities on Spread A of the 97 km Nembe Creek Oil Pipeline, which transports crude oil from the Bonny Export Terminal to Nigerias Atlantic coast as part of a programme to replace ageing pipelines in the Niger River delta. A new company has been incorporated in Colombia to construct and operate a new oil pipeline, which will run from the Casanare Department to the port of Coveas in order to facilitate oil exports from the Llanos region, considered one of the most prospective regions in Colombia.
he proposed Bicentennial Pipeline will be owned and operated by newly-formed company, Oleoducto Bicentenario de Colombia. The shareholders of the company are Ecopetrol (55 per cent), Pacific Rubiales (32.88 per cent), Petrominerales (9.65 per cent), Hocol (0.96 per cent), C&C Energa, Rancho Hermoso Canacol Energy Ltd and Vetra Exploracion & Produccion Colombia SAS (0.5 per cent each). The pipeline will consist of 42 inch and 36 inch diameter pipe, and have a capacity of 450,000 bbl/d of crude oil. The project will be constructed in three stages. The first stage includes the laying of 226 km of pipe from Araguaney to Banadia as well as infrastructure upgrades at the port of Coveas. Stage two of the project will see 387 km of pipe laid from Banada to Ayacuch, while the final stage will see construction of the 310 km section from Ayacucho to Coveas. The entire project is estimated to cost $US4.2 billion. An Ecopetrol spokesperson said that the bidding for the engineering, procurement and construction contact has closed and that the contract will be awarded soon. The pipeline is expected to be operational by 2012.
he existing Nembe Creek trunkline collects crude oil from 14 oil pumping stations across the Nembe Creek, Krakama, Awoba, Ekulama and San Bartholomew oil fields and transport it to the Cawthorne Channel field and Shell Petroleum Development Company (SPDC) of Nigerias Bonny Export Terminal for dehydration and export. The replacement pipeline has a greater capacity than the existing pipeline to accommodate a planned production increase, and security of the pipeline has been improved to stop crude oil theft. As a result of deterioration in the integrity of the existing trunkline due to the harsh Niger Delta environment, vandalism and agerelated deterioration, the replacement project was initiated to improve, modernise and restore the technical integrity of the facilities. The project involved the construction of three sections of pipeline including: 5 km of 12 inch diameter pipeline from the Nembe Creek III manifold to the Nembe Creek tie-in manifold; 44 km of 24 inch diameter pipeline from Nembe Creek to San Bartholomew; and, 46 km of 30 inch diameter pipeline from San Bartholomew to Cawthorne Channel. Spread A involved the construction of a 49 km pipeline, consisting of the 12 inch diameter, 5 km segment and the 24 inch diameter, 44 km segment. This section is located in the harsh mangrove swamp terrain of the Niger Delta region of Nigeria, and traverses five neighbourhoods consisting of approximately 100 communities in both the Bayelsa and Rivers states in the Niger Delta region.
The installation required six major river crossings, the longest being approximately 1.1 km. Another 44 river and creek crossings of various sizes required extensive dredging activities, and the fabrication and site installation of one main tie-in manifold, six block valve platforms, four pig traps and associated piping. The new line runs parallel to the existing Nembe Creek Pipeline, within an expanded right-of-way (RoW). The existing line is now to be decommissioned. The contract for Spread B of the pipeline 46 km of 30 inch diameter pipeline from San Bartholomew to Cawthorne Channel was awarded to Saipem in 2007.
Benefiting the community

The replacement project is being undertaken by a joint venture comprising of the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (55 per cent), SPDC Ltd (30 per cent), Total E&P Nigeria Ltd (10 per cent) and the Nigerian Agip Oil Company Ltd (5 per cent). The Nembe Creek Pipeline construction is currently the largest single project under the SPDC joint ventures ongoing asset integrity programme that has replaced more than 1,000 km of major pipelines and flowlines in the last five years.
River Niger
Building an export industry

Colombias crude oil production forecast for 201015 shows that the countrys total production will continue to increase rapidly to figures of nearly 1.3 MMbbl/d in 2013. Ecopetrols Executive Downstream Vice President Pedro Rosales said The production forecasts of recent years have been far exceeded by reality due to the increase in investments in exploration and production in Colombia and a success rate higher than expected. This increase has necessitated the upgrade of existing pipeline infrastructure as well as the construction of new export pipelines to export the oil.
The location of Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigerias Bonny Export Terminal.
Map of the proposed Bicentennial Pipeline.
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Around the world
Around the world
OPAL Germanys pipeline gem

Construction crews on the Ostsee Pipeline Anbindungs Leitung (OPAL), which will connect Germany and Europe to the major natural gas reserves in Siberia via the Nord Stream Pipeline, have reached the Czech Republic border a year after the commencement of construction.
GSPL to construct Indias two longest pipelines

Indias Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board (PNGRB) has awarded a contract to a consortium led by Gujarat State Petronet Ltd (GSPL) to build and operate two cross-country natural gas pipelines.
he 1,585 km Mallavaram Bhilwara Pipeline will transport gas from the D6 gas fields in the Krishna Godavari Basin on the east coast of Andhra Pradesh to Bhilwara in Rajasthan. The pipeline will have the capacity to transport 30 MMcm/d of gas. The GSPL consortium has also been awarded the contract to construct and operate the 1,670 km Mehsana Bhatinda Pipeline, which will connect west India to the north of the country and will transport a
he 470 km OPAL project is being built by Wingas on behalf of OPAL NEL Transport GmbH and E.ON Ruhrgas AG. It will run from the German Baltic Sea coast through Mecklenburg-West Pomerania, Brandenburg and Saxony to the Czech Republic. With a 56 inch diameter and a capacity of 36 Bcm/a, the OPAL Pipeline is the largest natural gas pipeline to be laid in Europe. We are very satisfied with the progress of the construction work so far, said Managing Director of OPAL NEL Transport Bernd Vogel. Despite the long winter and difficult weather conditions at the start of the year, we are on schedule. We want to bring OPAL on stream in October 2011 together with the Nord Stream Pipeline, he said. A significant portion of the construction work in Mecklenburg-West Pomerania and
Saxony is expected to be completed toward the end of the year. There are currently 2,500 people working on the entire pipeline track between Greifswald and the Ore Mountains. The builders will have to cross 172 roads, four highways, 27 rail lines and 39 rivers and streams before completing the construction work.
The topsoil has been removed from more than 400 km of the pipeline track; over 400 km of pipe has been welded together, said Wingas Chief Construction Manager Michael Muth, detailing the progress of construction work. Mr Muth is confident that the pipeline will be completed on schedule. We have already begun recultivating the farmland in some areas.
Despite the long winter and difficult weather conditions at the start of the year, we are on schedule. We want to bring OPAL on stream in October 2011 together with the Nord Stream Pipeline.
opal net transport managing director bernd vogel
mix of domestic and imported gas. The consortium expects to commission both pipelines between 2013 and mid-2014. The pipelines are expected to cost $US1.3 billion each. GSPL holds a 52 per cent interest in the consortium, Indian Oil Corporation has a 26 per cent stake, and Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited and Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited each hold interests of 11 per cent.
GSPLs pipeline network in India.
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Pipeline works underway on the OPAL Pipeline.
PIP_HPH.indd 1 22/11/10 5:38 PM
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world wrap
world wrap
Arad Szeged gas pipeline inaugurated

Hungarian company FGSZ and Romanias Transgaz have inaugurated the 109 km Arad Szeged Pipeline, which connects the gas transmission systems of the two neighbouring European countries. The pipeline received 17 million from the European Union as part of the European Energy Economic Recovery Programme budget.
Construction commences on South Stream Pipeline in Serbia Willbros to build export pipelines
CB&I has awarded Willbros Group an engineering, procurement and construction contract for 72 km of export pipelines associated with a new gas processing plant to be built in California, USA. The new gas plant, to be owned and operated by Occidental of Elk Hills Inc., will be constructed by CB&I. The project is scheduled for completion in the first half of 2012. Construction on the South Stream Pipeline has begun in the southeastern Serbian town of Nis. The 120 km Serbian section of the pipeline will transport gas 52 km from Nis to Leskovac, and then on to Vranje. The Nis to Leskovac section is expected to be completed by May 2011.
Leighton Offshore wins pipeline contract

Leighton Offshore has signed an engineering procurement and construction contract with Iraqs South Oil Company for the installation and commissioning of two 48 inch diameter parallel pipelines, with 10 km onshore and 40 km offshore in the Persian Gulf, offshore Iraq. In addition, Leighton will install and commission approximately 20 km of infield pipelines and the shore crossing for a third pipeline to be installed during future expansions.
Georgia and Iraq to feed Nabucco Pipeline

Two pipelines are planned to be constructed to the Turkish Georgian border and the Turkish Iraqi border respectively, to supply gas into the proposed 3,300 km Nabucco Pipeline. The planned routes of the feeder pipelines offer a wide range of supply sources for the pipeline, which will receive gas from Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan and Iraq. A decision on the feeder pipelines was made after the projects shareholders agreed on a modification of the original feeder line concept, which included sourcing gas from Iran.
Construction kicks off on Chinese section of Myanmar China Pipeline

Construction has begun on the Chinese portion of the Myanmar China Pipeline project in Anning City, located in southwest China's Yunnan Province. China National Petroleum Corporation will build and operate the pipeline, which is anticipated to be completed in 2013. The pipeline project involves the construction of a 2,402 km oil pipeline and a 2,500 km gas pipeline running between the two countries.
Agreements signed for TAPI Pipeline

Representatives of the four countries involved in the Turkmenistan Afghanistan Pakistan India (TAPI) gas pipeline project have signed a Heads of Agreement (HoA) for a Gas Sales Purchase Agreement. The four countries have also signed a Gas Pipeline Framework Agreement, following a Steering Committee Meeting, which was held in Turkmenistan. Valued at more than $US3 billion, the 1,680 km TAPI gas pipeline will have a total transmission capacity of 90 MMcm/d of gas.
GAIL commences construction of new gas pipeline

The Gas Authority of India Limited (GAIL) has commenced construction of its Karanpur Moradabad Kashipur Rudrapur Pipeline at Kashipur in India. The new pipeline will extend 182 km from a point at Karanpur on GAILs 24 inch diameter Auraiya Sahajahanpur Babrala Dadri Pipeline to Rudrapur. With a planned capacity of 2.5 MMcm/d of gas, the pipeline will supply gas to a planned power plant in Kashipur, Uttarakhand and to industrial customers in Moradabad, Kashipur and Rudrapur.
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project Briefs
Project briefs
Dabhol Bangalore Natural Gas Pipeline
PROMOTER: Gas Authority India Limited (GAIL), 16 Bhikaiji Cama Place, R.K. Puram, New Delhi 110066, India. PROJECT SCOPE: This 1,400 km long pipeline will run from Dabhol through Kinjalkarvadi, Kasari, Kharaklat, Tappalkatti Harva, Gadag, Gannaikanahalli, Gullur, Sarajapur, Palmaner, Chittoor, Kattivakkam to Chennai. All works associated with construction of the pipeline from Dabhol to Bangalore have been divided into ten spreads. Included in these are two spur lines, which will extend from Gokak in Belgaum District, Karnataka to Goa and from Sulivara in the South Bangalore District, Karnataka to Bangalore. PROJECT UPDATE: GAIL has awarded pipeline construction contracts for the natural gas pipeline. Punj Lloyd has been awarded the construction contracts for seven of the ten spreads, comprising 820 km of the pipeline. Two spreads have been awarded to KSS-KSSIIPL Consortium and the remaining spread has been awarded to Advance Stimul Consortium. PIPELINE LENGTH: 1,400 km PIPELINE CAPACITY: 16 MMcm/d of gas EXPECTED COMPLETION DATE: March 2012
PLATUINUM SPONSOR
UNLOCK THE UNPIGGABLE!

This two-day forum will address capabilities and guidance concerning tools for corrosion and mechanical damage inspection of unpiggable oil, gas and hazardous liquids pipelines. The focus will be on existing, new, and developing in-line tools as well as those in research and development. Advances and best practices in guided-wave technologies will also comprise a signicant part of the program. Live-line access techniques, combined with low-ow restriction robotic and wire-line-powered internal inspection tools, will also be a special focus, especially for pipeline segments that cannot be taken out of service when these tools suggest a need for further integrity inspections. Contact us today for information on registration or about sponsorship & exhibiting options. PROGRAM CHAIRMAN Dr. Keith Leewis, P-PIC PROGRAM ADVISORY COMMITTEE Mark Andraka, PECO Energy Drew Hevle, El Paso Corp. Richard Kania, TransCanada Pipelines Garry Matocha, Spectra Energy Bryan Melan, Marathon Oil Co. Andrew Pulsifer, CenterPoint Energy Albert Van Roodselaar, Chevron Energy Technology
Nord Stream Pipeline Gazelle Pipeline

PROMOTER: NET4GAS, s.r.o, Na Hrebenech II 1718/8, 140 21 Prague 4 Nusle, Czech Republic. Tel: +420 220 221 111. PROJECT SCOPE: The Gazelle Pipeline will bring Russian gas to the Czech Republic via interconnections with the OPAL and Nord Stream pipelines. The pipeline, which is currently under construction, will extend 169 km from Brandov to the border transfer station Rozvadov/Waidhaus. Designed to follow a route along existing gas pipelines, the Gazelle Pipeline will be connected to the Czech Republics gas system via interconnections at Brandov, Jirkov, Svinomazy and Primda. PROJECT UPDATE: NET4GAS has begun construction on a new border transfer station in Brandov, Czech Republic, for the Gazelle gas pipeline. PIPELINE LENGTH: 169 km PIPELINE CAPACITY: 3033 Bcm/a of gas EXPECTED COMPLETION DATE: Late 2012 PROMOTER: Nord Stream AG, Znamenka, 7, Building 3, 119019, Moscow, Russia. Tel: + 7 495 229 65 85. PROJECT SCOPE: The 48 inch diameter twin-line Nord Stream Gas Pipeline system will transport 55 Bcm/a of gas from Russia to Germany, where it will enter the European energy grid. PROJECT UPDATE: The Castoro Dieci, a pipelay vessel designed to lay pipes in shallow waters, has laid 27 km of the Nord Stream Pipeline in the Bay of Greifswald. A second vessel, the Castoro Sei, has reached German waters off the island of Rgen to continue laying the pipeline towards Bornholm, Denmark. Meanwhile, two of the worlds heaviest ball valves have arrived in Greifswald. The 102 t through-conduit valves were engineered and manufactured in Italy for the Nord Stream consortium by Petrolvalves Srl. The valves will be installed in Germany and Russia at either end of the pipeline. PIPELINE LENGTH: 1,224 km PIPELINE CAPACITY: 55 Bcm/a of gas EXPECTED COMPLETION DATE: The first pipeline is scheduled to be operational in 2011, the second one in 2012.
Four Bears Pipeline

PROMOTER: Bridger Pipeline, PO Drawer 2360, Casper, Wyoming 82602, USA. Tel: +1 307 237 9301. PROJECT SCOPE: The 124 km, 12 inch diameter Four Bears oil pipeline will originate approximately 25 km west of the Four Bears Bridge on the Fort Berthold Indian Reservation and connect with another line approximately 30 km northwest of Dickinson, North Dakota. PROJECT UPDATE: North Dakotas Public Service Commission has approved the 124 km pipeline, which will transport oil through North Dakota to regional markets. PIPELINE LENGTH: 124 km PIPELINE CAPACITY: Initial capacity of 60,000 bbl/d of oil, with the possibility of expanding capacity to 110,000 bbl/d. EXPECTED COMPLETION DATE: Mid-2011
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pipes and people
Region Review
Pipes & people

Enbridges Stephen J.J. Letwin to retire
Stephen J.J. Letwin has retired from his positions with Enbridge and its affiliate companies. Mr Letwin currently serves as Enbridge Gas Transportation & International Executive Vice President and holds Managing Director roles at Enbridge Energy Company and Enbridge Energy Management. Steve Letwin has been a significant contributor over his 11 years as a member of Enbridges leadership team, said Enbridge President and Chief Executive Officer Patrick D. Daniel. Mr Letwin joined Enbridge as President and Chief Operating Officer of Energy Services in 1999. He was responsible for leading the relatively new retail energy services business unit to profitability.
Works underway on the Medgaz Pipeline.

Yang Hua.
for me to carry on the success of CNOOC, and deliver long-term return to shareholders. Ill do my best, said Mr Hua.
Gordie Tieberg.
TDW joins forces with Offshore Independents BV

TDW Offshore Services (TDW) has joined forces with Offshore Independents BV to offer integrated solutions for companies interested in securing a full range of pipeline services and emergency pipeline repair systems from a single source. Dirk Rook. The two companies have agreed that there is a gap in the market for an organisation that offers pipeline recertification and project management services, in addition to core inspection, repair and maintenance services. Together we offer a truly comprehensive range of special services to the worlds pipeline industry, said Offshore Independents Commercial Director Dirk Rook.
John M. Katok named Willbros Upstream International Operations Senior Vice President
John M. Katok has been named Willbros Upstream International Operations Senior Vice President. In this role, Mr Katok will be responsible for the companys upstream international business development and operations outside the United States and Canada. Mr Katok joins Willbros after two years with Global Industries where he served as Worldwide Business Development Senior Vice President and earlier as Middle East Business Unit Vice President. Mr Katok also held the position of Technip US Commercial Operations Vice President for five years and spent 25 years with Kellogg, Brown & Root and its predecessor companies in a variety of roles.
at Caterpillar offices in Chile, Peru, France, Germany, Austria, and various US and Canadian locations. Cat Financial Territory Manager Anthony Zaccari will be taking over the pipeline financing business effective 1 November 2010.
Energy security and pipeline politics in Europe

Europe currently imports 54 per cent of its energy needs each year, a figure set to rise as its indigenous petroleum resources decline. While a number of pipeline projects have been proposed to bring oil and gas from energy-rich neighbour Russia, ensuring a diverse source of petroleum imports has been a key theme in the European Unions energy security strategy. Pipelines International provides a review of the major pipeline projects currently proposed or under construction in the region.
urope is the second smallest of the seven continents by surface area, extending west from the Dardanelles, Black Sea, and Ural Mountains to the Atlantic Ocean. The European Commission, responsible for proposing legislation for the benefit of the European Union (EU), stated in its 2010 report entitled On the implementation of the transEuropean energy networks in the period 200709 Europes future economic growth and stability depend on timely and adequate investments in energy infrastructure. In March 2010, the European Commission announced 1,390 million in grants to over 30 gas projects throughout Europe, including pipelines, to ensure that the projects are developed without delay. The Commission said that the selected projects reflect the need to better interconnect all EU member states and reduce the isolation of the more remote nations such as the three Baltic states, Ireland and Malta and that the funding programme also responds to the need for greater security of gas supplies by supporting projects for reverse flow in nine member states as well as the pipeline projects aimed at diversifying gas imports, such as the Nabucco and Galsi pipelines.
Want to advertise your vacant positions?

Pipelines International Has created an online jobs portal: www.pipelinesinternational.com/jobs Pipelines International encourages pipeline industry companies to advertise jobs through the website as it is a targeted, cost-effective way to highlight your available positions to the rest of the industry. The new Pipelines International jobs website allows for job-seekers in the pipeline industry to search for and apply for jobs via region, and peruse specific, pipeline-related jobs. The Pipelines International jobs portal is the latest addition to the suite of pipeline industry resources that make up Pipelines International online. As the place to begin for magazine issues, the latest news, the directory, technical information and more, the Pipelines International website is a hightraffic, content-rich information portal for the pipeline industry. The website has over 25,000 page impressions each month. For information about job advertisement rates, contact Tim Thompson via email: tthompson@gs-press.com.au or call +61 3 9248 5100.
Bringing gas from Russia

In the introduction to a collection of essays published by the Centre for European Reform titled Pipelines Politics and Power, the Centres Deputy Director Katinka Barysch noted Russia is the worlds largest gas producer. The EU is the worlds biggest gas market. The two are neighbours. Logically, the EU and Russia should have a well-developed energy relationship. Currently there are a number of pipeline projects proposed or under construction to increase delivery of Russian gas to European markets.
Construction is underway on the 1,224 km Nord Stream Pipeline, which involves the construction of two offshore parallel 48 inch pipelines, each with a capacity of 27.5 Bcm/a. The pipeline will establish a direct link between Russias vast gas reserves, via Portovaya Bay in Russia, and the European gas transportation systems, and will deliver gas to Belgium, the United Kingdom, Germany, Denmark, the Netherlands, France, and the Czech Republic.
Continued on page 20
Changes in senior management at CNOOC

The board of directors of CNOOC Limited has advised that Fu Chengyu has resigned from his role as Chief Executive Officer of the company, but has continued in his position as Chairman of the Board. Yang Hua has been appointed as the companys new Chief Executive Officer and new Vice Chairman of the Board. Mr Hua resigned from his current role as President and Chief Financial Officer, while Li Fanrong was appointed as new company President. Mr Hua said that he has been honoured to have worked under the leadership of Mr Fu. It is a privilege as well as responsibility
New Sales Manager at PLM

Gordie Tieberg has assumed the position of PipeLine Machinery International (PLM) Sales Manager in North America. He joins the management team at PLM and will hold responsibility for the sales team and machine business in the United States and Canada. Mr Tieberg has been working closely with PLM as the Cat Financial International Account Manager in charge of pipeline business globally since PLM was established in 2005. He has more than 30 years of equipment sales and financing experience. For the past 16 years he has been co-ordinating international business
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The route of the Interconnection Turkey Greece Italy Pipeline.
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Region Review
Possible Nabucco IGI link German utility and Nabucco Pipeline stakeholder RWE has proposed to link the Nabucco Pipeline to the proposed Interconnector Greece Italy (IGI). RWE said that it would be possible to connect IGI to Nabucco at two points; either in Turkey via a short interconnector or in Bulgaria through the Bulgaria-Greece Interconnector. According to RWE the connection of the two pipelines would open Greece and Italy to the secure and stable transportation route of Nabucco.
Construction is underway on the OPAL Pipeline in Germany.
Continued FROM page 19
At the landfalls at Portovaya Bay, Vyborg, and at the German Landfall at Lubmin, near Greifswald in Germany, both strings of the pipeline have also already been constructed and pulled ashore. The Castoro Sei pipelay vessel has commenced pipelaying activities in Danish waters after picking up the pipeline in German waters where the flat-bottomed Castoro Dieci pipelay vessel had completed the difficult shallow-water section at and near the German landfall ahead of schedule. At the other end of the pipeline, the worlds largest pipelay vessel, Allseas Solitaire, has reached the Finnish Exclusive Economic Zone after completing a key section of the pipeline in Russian waters. The pipeline is on schedule to start transporting gas from Russia to customers in the EU in late 2011. Construction works are on schedule for the 470 km Ostsee Pipeline AnbindungsLeitung (OPAL) in Germany. The pipeline will run from the German Baltic Sea coast through Mecklenburg-West Pomerania, Brandenburg and Saxony to the Czech Republic, and is one of two pipeline projects proposed to connect the Nord Stream Pipeline to the existing pipeline grid in middle and Western Europe, the other one being the Norddeutsche Erdgas Leitung (NEL) Pipeline. The OPAL Pipeline is being built by Wingas on behalf of OPAL NEL Transport and E.ON Ruhrgas AG and is scheduled to come on stream in October 2011.
The NEL Pipeline is a planned 440 km natural gas pipeline in Germany, which will run from Greifswald to Rehden. It will connect the Nord Stream Pipeline with the existing Rehden Hamburg and MIDAL gas pipelines. Together with MIDAL, the NEL Pipeline will create a GreifswaldBunde connection. The majority of pipeline works are scheduled to be completed during 201112 and the pipeline is expected to come online in 2012. The invitations of tender for the construction work of the NEL Pipeline are currently underway. Serbia has commenced construction on a 120 km pipeline, which will transport gas from Nis to Leskovac and then on to Vranje. It is anticipated to connect with the proposed South Stream Pipeline. Gazproms proposed South Stream Pipeline will include a 900 km offshore section traversing the Black Sea from the Beregovaya compressor station on Russias southwest coast to the Bulgarian coast. From Bulgaria the pipeline will transport up to 63 Bcm/a of natural gas to south and central Europe. Two possible routes are under review for South Streams onshore section from Bulgaria one heading northwest and the other heading southwest. A feasibility study is scheduled to be completed in early 2011, and construction is expected to start in 2013, with a commissioning date anticipated for late 2015. Intergovernmental agreements have been signed with Bulgaria, Serbia, Hungary, Greece, Slovenia, Croatia and Austria in order to implement the projects onshore section beyond Russia.
Importing Russian oil

Russian firm Transneft is continuing construction of the 1,170 km Second Baltic Pipeline System (BPS-2), after it reached the 960 km point in September. The BPS-2 will extend from the Unecha junction of the Druzhba Pipeline, near the RussiaBelarus border, to the UstLuga terminal on the Gulf of Finland. Construction of the project commenced in June 2009 and is expected to be completed in early 2012. The preliminary environmental impact statement for the Greek section of the Burgos Alexandroupolis Pipeline also known as the Trans-Balkan Pipeline was approved in August 2010. The oil pipeline project involves the transportation of Russian and Caspian oil from the Bulgarian Black Sea port of Burgos to the Greek Aegean port of Alexandroupoli. It would be an alternative route for Russian oil bypassing the Bosporus and the Dardanelles. However, Bulgarias Prime Minister Boyko Borisov has created uncertainty over Bulgarias commitment to the pipeline after he announced in June 2010 that Bulgaria would not take part in the pipeline. Despite this, Bulgarias Council of Ministers released a statement immediately following the Prime Ministers statement to clarify the
Governments position, The Bulgarian Government hasnt made a final decision regarding the construction of the Burgos Alexandroupolis Oil Pipeline. Bulgaria is going to wait for the completion of the environmental assessment of the oil pipeline, and only then will it make a final decision. A spokesperson for Greeces Deputy Minister of Environment, Energy and Climate Change said that the final investment decision is expected to be taken during the second half of 2011 after the approval of the environmental studies. Depending on the timely approval of the environmental studies by the governments of Greece and Bulgaria, construction on the pipeline is scheduled to commence by November 2013 with a scheduled commissioning date of the second quarter of 2016.
Gazproms proposed South Stream Pipeline will include a 900 km offshore section traversing the Black Sea from the Beregovaya compressor station on Russias southwest coast to the Bulgarian coast.
Increasing energy supplies from Algeria

The proposed Galsi Pipeline project aims at connecting Algerian gas resources to the Italian and European markets through a new route via Sardinia and the Italian mainland. The overall length of the system is 851 km, which includes a 285 km Algeria Sardinia section, a 272 km onshore Sardinia section and a 280 km section from Sardinia Tuscany. The pipeline is planned to have a total capacity of 8 Bcm/a. Construction on the Galsi Pipeline is scheduled to begin in 2011, and will see pipeline constructed at depths of 2,824 m. Operation is planned for 201213. Commissioning is underway on the 210 km Medgaz Pipeline. The pipeline is designed to transport up to 8 Bcm/a of gas from Beni Saf on the Algerian coast to Almera, Spain. Construction of the offshore pipeline was completed on schedule by Saipem. The Castoro Sei pipelay vessel laid the offshore section corresponding to the shallow areas up to a depth of 550 m, while the Saipem 7000 laid the portion of the pipe in the deepwater section down to 2,160 m. The Medgaz Pipeline is a strategic project for Algeria, Spain, and the rest of Europe,
supplying natural gas directly from Algeria, without requiring transit through third countries.
Connecting to the petroleum resources of the Caspian

The final investment decision for the Nabucco Pipeline has been delayed until 2011 because a formal agreement has not been completed to secure gas supply from Azerbaijan. Head of International Pipeline Projects at Nabucco shareholder company OMV Michael Ulbrich said Talks with the main supplier country, Azerbaijan, are slow and that conclusion will be postponed to 2011. In August, the consortium announced the feeder line concept for the project in which two pipelines will be constructed to the Turkish Georgian border and the Turkish Iraqi border respectively, to supply gas into the proposed pipeline. Construction of the 56 inch diameter Nabucco Pipeline is scheduled to begin by the end of 2011, with first gas expected to flow by the end of 2014. It will operate at a pressure of 10,000 kPa, and it is estimated that 11 compressor stations will be constructed along the pipeline. The pipeline will run from Turkey to Austria, crossing Romania, Bulgaria and Hungary, and is expected to have a capacity of 31 Bcm/a.
A map of the Burgos Alexandroupolis Pipeline Project.
The Gja platform, located in the Norwegian North Sea. The Gja Pipeline is nearing completion to enable gas export from this platform. Image courtesy of Statoil.
Lowering-in activities underwa y on the OPAL Pipeline.
The respective engineering works have been ordered for the two feeder lines. Depending on the exact routes of the proposed feeder lines, the total length of the pipeline project is estimated to increase to approximately 4,000 km. The pipeline promoters are understood to have decided against constructing a feeder line to the Turkish Iranian border, citing the current political situation in Iran. Project shareholders include OMV Gas&Power, MOL, Transgaz, Bulgarian Energy Holding, BOTAS and RWE. The final investment decision for the 800 km Interconnector Greece Italy (IGI) is expected to be made in December 2010. All environmental authorisations are in place for the project, which will consist of a new 210 km offshore pipeline that will connect the Greek and Italian natural gas transportation systems and a 590 km pipeline to be constructed onshore in Greece. The offshore section of the IGI, known as the Poseidon project, will complete the natural gas corridor through Turkey, Greece and Italy following the inauguration of the 296 km Turkey Greece Pipeline in 2007. The Interconnection Turkey Greece Italy (ITGI) will allow Italy and the rest of Europe to import natural gas from the Caspian Sea and the Middle East. The onshore section of the Turkey Greece Italy pipeline that remains to be implemented in Greece will be constructed by Greeces public gas corporation DEPAs subsidiary The Hellenic Gas Transmission System Operator (DESFA) and will run approximately 590 km from Komotini to the IGI Poseidon metering station in Thesprotia. The 42 inch diameter pipeline will have a capacity of 15 Bcm/a of gas and will includes the construction of two compressor stations, one at Komotini and one at Nea Mesimbria, Thessaloniki. DEPA and Edison have entered discussions with natural gas suppliers in the Caspian area, specifically Azerbaijan, for the supply that will be transmitted through the pipeline system. Front-end engineering and design work commenced in April 2010 and the service control verification and implementation study commenced in July 2010. The tender for pipe supply is progressing after completion of the pre-qualification stage, while the detailed marine survey tender is being finalised. Construction is scheduled to begin in 2012 and it is anticipated that the pipeline will be brought online in mid-2015.
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Romania, Azerbaijan and Georgia have signed a Memorandum of Understanding for the Azerbaijan Georgia Romania Interconnection (AGRI) LNG Project, which would include the construction of a pipeline to transport gas from Azerbaijan to Georgias Black Sea coast. From here the gas would be liquefied and shipped to Romanias coast where it would be re-gasified and delivered into Romanias pipeline system and shipped to European markets. Proponents from both the AGRI LNG project and the Nabucco Pipeline will be seeking commitments from Azerbaijan to secure access to the countrys finite gas resources. Albanian Ministers and government officials have endorsed the revised route of the Trans Adriatic Pipeline (TAP) through Albania. Traversing a total distance of 520 km, the pipeline will originate near Thessaloniki, Greece, and cross Albania and the Adriatic Sea, before terminating near Brindisi, Italy. The pipeline will have an initial capacity of 10 Bcm/a of natural gas. TAPs construction schedule aligns with the development of the Shah Deniz gas field in Azerbaijan. The project is currently at the front-end engineering design stage, with preparations underway for the final investment decision and construction. TAP will transport gas from the Caspian Sea and Middle East regions to Italy, through Turkey, Greece and Albania. The pipeline will have a capacity of 10 Bcm/a. The proposed White Stream Gas Pipeline will provide a link between the South Caucasus Gas Pipeline in Georgia and Romania. The length of the pipeline is estimated to be 1,100 km, which includes a 700 km offshore section to be constructed across the Black Sea in water depths in excess of 2,000 m connecting Georgia to Crimea in the Ukraine. A spokesperson for the consortium said that the feasibility studies carried out have proven the technical, economic and legal feasibility of the project. Detailed routing studies are now moving forward, particularly for the Black Sea crossing, including a reconnaissance marine survey and environmental impact studies. The project is currently on schedule for a final investment decision towards the end of
Getting (inter)connected
Some of the pipeline projects proposed or underway to connect Europes gas transmission system: FGSZ declared the results of binding Open Season for the Slovakia Hungary Interconnector as unsuccessful for the Hungarian part of the planned interconnection. Despite the result the company will analyse further alternatives to have the Slovakia Hungary Interconnector project potentially financed and constructed in another way. The proposed Poland Lithuania gas pipeline would link the Baltic states of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania to the Polish gas supply and transmission system. Polands gas transmission operator Gaz-System and Lithuanias Lietuvos Dujos will conduct a feasibility study to determine the possibility of constructing a gas pipeline between the two countries. Bulgarian Energy Holding, Greeces DEPA and Italys Edison International Holding have reached a development agreement regarding the construction of the Interconnection Pipeline Greece Bulgaria (IGB). The 160 km IGB, proposed to transport gas from Komotini, Greece, to Stara Zagora, Bulgaria will have a capacity to transport between 3 and 5 Bcm/a and is due to come into operation in 2013. Bulgarias Minister for Economy, Energy and Tourism Traycho Traykov, and Serbias Minister for Mining and Energy Petar Skundric have signed a joint statement paving the way for the proposed 180 km Bulgaria Serbia Gas Pipeline. The pipeline would have a capacity of 2 Bcm/a starting in Nis, Serbia and cross the border near Dimitrovgrad in Bulgaria and would be the first interconnector between the transmission systems of Bulgaria and Serbia. In Spain several gas interconnections are currently under construction: Tivissa Paterna Pipeline, Tivissa Castelnou Pipeline, Zarza Tajo Yela Pipeline, and Yela Villar Arnedo Pipeline. These four interconnections have a total length of 681 km and a capacity of 3.14 Bcm/a and are scheduled to enter into operation by the end of 2012.
Pipe stringing along the OPAL Pipeline route.
A map o routes.
e Strea f the Whit
m and N
abucco p
ipeline
The South Stream Pipeline route.
2013 with construction starting in 2015 and the first pipeline with 8 Bcm/a capacity becoming operational in 201718, shortly after the start-up of the Nabucco Pipeline. After the initial pipeline is bought online, construction on a further three pipelines of similar capacity will commence to meet expected export demand of both Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan. Transnafta has proposed a 1,320 km pipeline to transport crude oil from the Caspian and Black Sea region to the PanEuropean Oil Pipeline (PEOP). PEOP is a newer manifestation of a project formerly known as the Constanta Pancevo Omisalj Trieste Pipeline, and is designed to take Caspian and Russian oil from the Black Sea port of Constanta in Romania, through Serbia, Croatia and Slovenia, to Trieste in Italy. From there it would join with the existing Trans-Alpine Pipeline and the Italian pipeline network, with any excess oil to be shipped from Genoa in Italy.
North Sea fast facts 21 new petroleum fields were discovered in the North Sea in 2009 alone Approximately 155 MMcm of oil equivalent was produced in North Sea fields last year Norwegian gas is exported to markets through a network of pipelines approximately 7,800 km long
The pipeline would transport approximately 1.2 MMbbl/d of oil to supply Italy and central Europe, with around nine per cent of the oil to be supplied to Serbia and Croatia. The feasibility study for the project had originally estimated that the pipeline would commence operations in 2011, however no tender for construction works has been announced.
The three European gas exporters

Other than Russia, Denmark, the Netherlands, and Norway are the only European countries which are net exporters of natural gas their annual export volumes being 5.3 Bcm, 50.1 Bcm, and 86.1 Bcm respectively in 2007. The Netherlands state-owned infrastructure company N.V. Nederlandse Gasunie is currently working on the Dutch Governments gas roundabout concept, which will see the Netherlands becoming the heart of a major gas hub for northwestern Europe. Involved is a network of 15,000 km highpressure gas pipelines, many up to 48 inches in diameter, in both the Netherlands and Germany. The idea is to combine gas from Dutch and German fields within the Gasunie pipeline network with gas from other international sources including Russia, Norway, the Middle East, Asia, and Africa and to transport it onward to the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Belgium, and consumers in other European countries.
The second pipeline string is pulled ashore at the German Landfall for the Nord Stream Pipeline project.
As part of the gas roundabout project, a new pipeline being constructed is the 485 km, 48 inch diameter, North South Pipeline, which is in two sections. The longer one is in the east of the country and runs from Rysum in northern Germany and Oude Statenzijl in the north of the Netherlands, to Schinnen in the south. The shorter section runs from a new compressor station at Wijngaarden in the centre of the country to an export station at Zelzate in the southwest, on the Belgian border. Meanwhile, the Baltic Gas Interconnector proposed to connect the gas networks of southern Sweden, northern Germany and eastern Denmark is currently under review. Despite receiving authorisation for each of the three countries involved in the project, the possibility of the Nord Stream Pipeline being extended to the Swedish gas pipeline network combined with a change in Swedens energy priorities to promote renewable energy options, has led to a delay in the project, originally anticipated to enter into operation in 2010. The Baltic Pipe aimed at connecting the Danish and Polish gas systems to Norwegian gas resources has been delayed after the Skanled Pipeline project was suspended. The gas pipeline would be offshore with an approximate length of 3845 km, and would have an estimated capacity of 2.5 Bcm/a of gas.
The Skanled Pipeline aims at connecting the Danish and Swedish gas systems to Norwegian gas resources. The planned pipeline will go from Karsto, on the Norwegian West Coast, to the Norwegian East Coast, and on to Sweden and Denmark. The pipeline is expected to have a capacity of 8.3 Bcm/a and a total length of 1,130 km, including an 860 km offshore section, a 250 km Danish onshore section and a 16 km Swedish onshore section. Though feasibility studies have been performed, the project was suspended in April 2009 due to increased commercial risk combined with the global economic developments that have given an uncertain view on future gas demand. The project may be re-launched if commercial conditions become more favourable in the future.
Exploring the North Sea

First gas has begun to flow through the Gja Gas Pipeline, located in the Norwegian North Sea, to Great Britains Far North Liquids and Associated Gas System (FLAGS). The 28 inch pipeline runs 130 km from the Gja/Vega fields to the tie-in point with the Shell-operated FLAGS Pipeline, which will carry rich gas to the receiving terminal at St Fergus in Scotland. The Gja Gas Pipeline will initially be used to import gas from FLAGS to enable the completion of the Gja platform. Once production commences at the Gja platform the pipeline will be used to export the gas. Overall gas production capacity for Gja, which lies about 40 km north of the Fram field, will be 17 MMcm/d. Oil from the fields is due to be exported to the Mongstad terminal near Bergen via a new 50 km pipeline tied into Troll Oil Pipeline II.
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Pipeline equipment
All Caterpillar pipelayers can be equipped with components suitable for Arctic conditions, including engine oil, coolant, transmission, final drive, drawworks and undercarriage components.
A pipelayer for every season: choosing the right equipment for your next challenge
Pipelayers and sidebooms are integral to pipeline construction and often have to work in extreme or hazardous conditions. PipeLine Machinery International Vice President Product Support Lindley Imeson describes some of the features required for working in Arctic and mountainous conditions, explaining how efficient pipelaying can still be achieved with the right equipment and know-how.
ipelines are often constructed in hazardous conditions, including extreme hot and cold temperatures, through mountainous and rocky terrain, and in wet areas. As such, pipelayer machinery needs to be engineered for a long life in extreme conditions. PipeLine Machinery International (PLM) distributes Caterpillar pipelayers such as the large 587T and 583T models, which mirror the Caterpillar D8 tractor body with a heavy, strong and durable mainframe. Full box sections, steel castings and continuous rolled rails provide durable support to the undercarriage, elevated final drives and other integral frame components. The elevated sprocket undercarriage effectively isolates the drive train components from ground-induced impacts. The undercarriage is designed for optimised machine balance, performance and component life. The ACERT engine technology used in all new Caterpillar purpose-built pipelayer models ensures optimum engine
performance and fuel-efficiency while meeting EPA Tier 3 and EU Stage IIIA engine exhaust emission regulations.
Working in extreme conditions

Gearing up for extreme cold conditions represents a number of challenges. Lessons learned in the 1970s during the construction of the Alyeska Pipeline have gone into the engineered design of Arctic solutions for all Caterpillar pipelayers. All models can be equipped with Arctic fluids, engine oil, coolant, transmission, final drive, drawworks and undercarriage components. Quick evac solutions are also available on all Caterpillar pipelayers for added environmental safety. Special Arctic solution items include idlers, final drives, track roller cold weather seals and lubricants along with heavy-duty cold weather batteries, in addition to insulated cabs with thermopane glass. Component heaters using fuelfired coolant circulation and 110 volt/240 volt
electric water jacket heaters can be added for longer component life and additional cab heat for extreme cold conditions. The tractors are also equipped with solid engine enclosures, under hood air intake and reversible fans for added heat retention. Enhanced lighting solutions for operation in decreased daylight operations are available for added safety. The quality of steels used in the mainframe, booms and counterweights helps to avoid the common brittle steel problem associated with working at temperatures around -45 degree Celsius. The 583T, 587T and PL61 are all available with enclosed cabs. The cabs are designed for operator comfort and productivity in any climate, and are fully insulated with a heater (or can be equipped with air conditioning). Caterpillar cabs are designed with a maximum glass area (the dual pane option is available for cold weather) for excellent visibility.
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Pipeline equipment
Pipeline equipment
increases, the smooth operation of the hydraulic drawworks allows for precise and co-ordinated handling of 30 inch diameter and above pipe in all wall thicknesses in adverse conditions. With a lifting capacity of 18,145 kg, the PL61 is well-suited to lifting smaller size pipe generally below 16 inch in diameter. This unit has been designed to be ideal for gathering systems or for urban installations where transportation to the site and onsite clearances require a more compact machine. With counterweight and boom removed, the PL61 is a mere 2.9 m in width with a shipping weight of 16,070 kg.
Mountainous conditions
Stability during the lowering-in process in sloping conditions is a challenge requiring strict attention to safety, machine tolerances and operator capability. Numerous factors impact lifting capacity on slopes, including the length of the boom, the load, the load overhang, the load swing, ground conditions, operator experience and track tension. The higher the load, the less capability the machine has in sloping conditions. In order to mitigate this, the number of pipelayers used or the size of pipelayers should be increased so that the relative load per pipelayer is reduced. The length of the sideboom used also has an effect on pipeline installation in mountainous terrain: the shorter the sideboom, the better the slope performance of the pipelayer. For example, a 7.3 m sideboom will outperform an 8.5 m sideboom by approximately 3 degrees, and a 6 m boom will outperform an 8.5 m sideboom by approximately 6 degrees. Increasing the load overhang has a positive impact on fore-aft slope capability. Keeping the boom further extended on a 20 degree slope will result in the load line location being closer to the rear of the pipelayer. The key is to always carry the load as far out as possible without impacting the side tipping point.
A Caterpillar pipelayer working in desert conditions.
Caterpillar pipelayers are fitted with ACERT engine technology and meet EPA Tier 3 and EU Stage IIIA engine exhaust emission regulations.
The higher the load, the less capability the machine has in sloping conditions. In order to mitigate this, the number of pipelayers used or the size of pipelayers should be increased so that the relative load per pipelayer is reduced.
The Pipelaye r System he lps eliminat guesswork e the in load-man agement.
A skylight window is placed for viewing the boom and upper block, and side windows are screened to allow for ground communication and better ventilation.
A pipelayer at work in Alaska.
Lifting capacity
The 587T has a lifting capacity of 91,625 kg and is powered by the Cat C15 ACERT engine performing at full-rated net power of 366 horse power (hp) at 1,800 rpm. The 583T has a lifting capacity of 63,504 kg and uses the same engine performing at a full-rated net power of 310 hp at 1,850 rpm. The large displacement and high-torque rise provides the 587T and the 583T with the power needed for the safe handling and consistent multi-functional operation required for poor ground conditions, while managing the less flexible characteristics of cold pipe. As the pipe size and tractors required
Load monitoring
Experienced pipelayer operators can read a pipe load very effectively. However a reliable and precise pipelayer system is important when ground conditions change, when less experienced operators are at the controls or when tracks shift on loose rock. Distributed exclusively by PLM, the Pipelayer System by Cranesmart eliminates guesswork, and is designed to provide operators with the precise load-management information required for a safe and efficient job. All information regarding the load,
slope, overhang, lift capacity and two-block alarm are integrated through Cranesmarts wireless technology into a large, easy-to-read operator display panel. Operators have the information required to help prevent tipovers, roll-overs and equipment damage due to overloading and extreme slope operations.
Pipeline training
Pipeline projects are often located away from large training facilities. The contractors equipment fleet is a diverse mix of types, makes and models, making operator training hit and miss. A construction contractors safety programmes needs to be disseminated to a large temporary workforce, often in a multi-language format, and owning companies and regulators have specific requirements for training.
PLM has teamed with ek pass to provide solutions to the training challenge. The training company is PLMs exclusive provider of pipeline operator training and related consulting services around the globe. ek pass provides training services on equipment from over one hundred manufacturers. Training is focused on improved operator and right-of-way safety, productivity and reduced maintenance costs. Operator training is usually provided on a pipeline spread using the equipment that the trainees will be operating, saving time and increasing the relevancy of the training. The professional consultants with ek pass have been delivering award-winning, customised instructor-led training on client sites worldwide.
The PL61 pipelayer.
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industry news
industry news
WorldWide padders are suited to all terrains.
The companys machines are constantly being upgraded. Machines can be tailored to clients needs.
Safety features
WorldWides padding machine at work for Nacap Australia.
Padding machines WorldWide

With a screening area of 8.4 sq m and an operating weight of 53,864 kg, the SPD-450 padding machine is the biggest padding machine manufactured by Superior, a part of WorldWide Machinery. Pipelines International spoke to WorldWide Machinerys Vice President Pipeline Operations Jurgen Hafemann about the SPD-450s features and capabilities.
orldWide Machinery recently sold an SPD-450 padding machine to Nacap Australia for work on the South West Queensland Pipeline Expansion project, which involves the construction of 940 km of 18 inch diameter looping pipeline. The padding machine has started working on the pipeline spread and has been backfilling at rates up to 360 cubic metres per hour using a 0.75 inch screen. WorldWide Machinerys Jurgen Hafemann said that the longest run on the project so far has been 4.5 km. The SPD-450 machine is also being used on projects in Europe, such as the 56 inch diameter OPAL Pipeline. WorldWide Machinery builds equipment including padding machines, pipelayers, and benders for projects from 660 inches. The SPD-450 has a Caterpillar C-13 ACERT Tier 4 Interim Stage III B engine capable of 328 kW of power. The machine uses Bosch Rexroth hydraulic systems, gearbox and final drives. The hydraulic and shaker systems can be adjusted to suit any terrain, such as soft or wet material.
Tailoring machinery to client needs

All of WorldWides machinery is built under CE approval, meaning that it meets the European Unions safety, health, and environmental requirements. The padders are assembled in the companys factory in Italy. The main components of the machinery come from well-known, reputable manufacturers such as Caterpillar and are available all over the world, enabling easy replacement of parts. For us it is very important to use components that you can get from all over the world. We want to build customerfriendly machines, says Mr Hafemann. Mr Hafemann says that the company also makes a concerted effort to listen to its customers because the company wants to make their machines as easy-to-use and as safe as possible. Were very open to listening to our customers. We want to make it easier and safer, and more comfortable for the operator.
WorldWide Machinery recognises the importance of safety on a pipeline construction spread. The companys padding machines were the first padding machines to be fitted with roll-over protection structures. Recently, the company has added cameras to the back corners of each machine to reduce blind spots. Combined with the wide front screen, optimal vision is achieved. The operator can control the machine entirely from the cabin, which is fitted with a dust filter and air conditioning. The SPD-450 also has two operator platforms in the cabin so that the operator can work on both sides of the machine. This gives the operator a much better view of what is going on in the ditch, says Mr Hafemann.
WorldWide ensures that operators receive appropriate training before using the companys machines. Technicians are sent with delivery of the machine to help with assembly and train operators in proper usage and maintenance. The training takes approximately one week. The technicians take the new operators for a dry test run, then a test run together. The hardest part is getting used to driving with the machine on the backfill, and you stay on the backfill side when you have a big ditch. The backfill pile can be around 3 m high and the ditch can be around 2 m deep, so you can get quite a surprise if you look down at the ground, says Mr Hafemann. WorldWide Machinery also manufactures pipelayers, bending machines, earthmoving equipment, pipe bevelling and cold cutting machines and vacuum pipe lifting equipment.
SPD-450 features Engine model: Caterpillar C-13 ACERT Tier 4 Interim Stage III B Power: 328 kW Main pumps: Bosch Rexroth Transmission: hydrostatic Motors: hydromatic Gearbox and final drives: Bosch Rexroth Undercarriage: Berco Screening area: 8.4 sq m Fuel tank: 720 litres Hydraulic system circuit: 800 litres For more information visit www.worldwidemachinery.com
Padding works are completed on a pipeline project in the UK.
Padding screens are available in many different sizes.
Padding machines can be built for pipeline projects from 6 to 60 inches in diameter.
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industry news
Inside and out: benefits of pipeline coating

It is common practice to externally coat pipelines to ensure effective operation over the medium to long term. Internal pipeline coatings are also available for this purpose, and are able to provide significant economic benefits to pipeline operation. 3Ms Craig Thomas explains why.
pipeline. These reduced energy costs can provide a financial payback within three to five years of service. It may also be possible to achieve further savings by reducing the number of compressor stations, or compressor size and capacity. The Zamoranos 2002 study concluded that fuel gas costs for the compressor stations situated along the 1,200 km length of the Atacama Gas Pipeline, were 26.9 per cent lower on the coated section of pipeline than on the uncoated section.
External pipe coating protection: a history of success

The main methods of protecting underground pipelines from corrosion are external coatings and cathodic protection. J. Alan Kehr, a leading American expert on pipeline coatings, states that external pipe coatings are intended to form a continuous film of electrical insulating material over the metallic surface to be protected. The function of such a coating is to isolate the metal from direct contact with the electrolyte, interposing a high electrical resistance so that electrochemical reactions cannot occur.
ver the past 40 to 50 years it has become standard industry practice to apply both internal and external pipeline coatings. The concept of internally lining gas pipelines known as internal flow coating was first developed in the 1950s to counter the adverse effects on pipeline capacity, operation and pumping costs caused by the rough internal surface of steel pipes and the build-up of deposits and corrosion products. Externally, fusion-bond epoxy (FBE) coating systems were introduced in the 1960s to form a barrier between the metal surface of the pipe and the surrounding environment. Since then, 3M has supplied more than 170,000 km of internal flow coating and more than 135,000 km of FBE for pipeline projects worldwide.
have also been conducted elsewhere, demonstrating a 1421 per cent increase in pipeline capacity for internally-coated pipelines. While these studies indicate a significant increase in flow capacity when internal flow coating is used, it is generally accepted that even a one per cent improvement in throughput provides the financial justification for internal coating.
Single-layer FBE has proven performance in both onshore underground and offshore subsea environments. The product is an effective corrosion-resistant barrier for line pipe, field joints, fittings and bends. Since its first use in New Mexico in 1960, FBE coating has remained the external pipe coating of choice in North America. Since their introduction in 1991, duallayer powder coatings have also gained popularity for use with pipelines operating at a high temperature. A relatively lowcost solution, dual-layer FBE offers the performance and installation characteristics of single-layer FBE, while also providing superior damage resistance with only a minimal reduction in flexibility. The 1980s saw the introduction of threelayer polyethylene or polypropylene coatings in Europe. These coatings comprise a FBE primary coating, a polyolefin-adhesive or tielayer and a polyolefin topcoat, and are based on earlier single-layer and two-layer systems. The thick layer of polyolefin, which provides a high level of damage resistance, is deemed to facilitate installation under conditions of harsh environments or inexperienced handling in the factory or onsite.
Cost effective pipe protection

Pipeline coating technology is constantly evolving to provide better protection as the oil and gas industry moves to explore and produce from ever more difficult reserves and demanding environments. External coatings for pipelines are standard practice, and internal coatings can provide economic benefits, as has been well-documented by thorough research on a number of different installations.
Internal coatings can provide significant economic benefits to pipeline operations.
Corrosion protection
A major issue with uncoated pipelines is corrosion. When uncoated pipelines are flooded with seawater, the extent of corrosion can be considerable. A report completed in 2006 by John Grover of BJ Process & Pipeline Services noted that an estimated 157,000 kg of corrosion debris was removed from a 161 km section of 36 inch diameter pipe with a wall thickness of 14.3 mm, only three months after total immersion in tropical sea water. As increasingly stringent regulations governing the disposal of scale and corrosion debris into the environment are being applied, it has become industry practice to blast clean the pipe and apply an internal flow coating prior to the pipe being delivered to site. This prevents corrosion from reforming, eliminating the need for additional pre-commissioning work.
Faster commissioning and simplified inspection

Internally coated pipework will also dry faster than uncoated pipe after hydrostatic testing, which means an easier and faster commissioning of the line. Testing and any robotic inspection procedures are also greatly simplified by the improved mobility of the equipment travelling down an internally coated pipe. In 2005, Statoil reported that it made the decision to apply an internal epoxy coating 3M Scotchkote Epoxy Coating EP2306 HF to the Langeled Gas Pipeline, in the North Sea, in order to increase transport capacity and reduce pig wear.
We have
the worlds pipelines covered

3M Scotchkote Internal & External Pipe Coatings
3M Scotchkote Internal Pipe Coatings have been applied to over 170,000 km of diverse service pipelines worldwide during a period spanning more than 50 years: Gas & Oil Sour Gas & Oil Aviation Fuel Refined Product
Coatings for external pipe protection and field joints are also available.
Increased flow of gas

Data are readily available to illustrate that a smoother pipe surface leads to increased flow capacity. A 2002 study on the economic benefits of internally coated pipe, completed by Rafael Zamorano, demonstrates that the capacity increase of a coated section of pipeline is considerably greater at high pressure than an uncoated section. Zamoranos study used the 530 km Atacama Gas Pipeline in South America to articulate his findings. Similar studies
Reduced energy costs in pumping and compressor stations

Internal flow coating can also make a significant difference in reducing pumping or compression costs over the lifetime of the
3M Corrosion Protection Products, 3M United Kingdom plc, Northallerton, United Kingdom Telephone: +44 (0)1609 780170 Fax: +44 (0)1609 788707 Email: pipecoatings.cpp.uk@mmm.com www.3M.com/corrosion www.3M.co.uk/scotchkote
(12022)CPP_Oil&Gas 185x125_ad.indd 1
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Weld smarter: CRC-Evans new welding system with laser vision technology
CRC-Evans Automatic Welding has developed a new welding system that incorporates laser vision welding and inspection technology. Designed to reduce the duration of the pipeline welding process while increasing weld quality, the Vision System provides new levels of flexibility in the field.
omponents of CRC-Evans Vision System include the V Weld, an external welding machine with adaptive weld technology; the V Bevel for bevel inspection at the beveling station; the V Root for root inspection at the welding station; and, the V Purge a fully automatic purge control system to control and monitor the purge chamber parameters. All the equipment utilises laser vision technology. We engineered laser vision technology into our welding technology to enhance productivity in narrow groove pipe joints and increase weld quality through pre-weld and post-weld in-line inspection. It raises the bar for the whole industry, said New Product Development Vice President Shankar Rajagopalan.
Held under the Patronage of His Excellency Dr. Abdul Hussain bin Ali Mirza, Minister of Oil & Gas Affairs and Chairman of the National Oil & Gas Authority, Kingdom of Bahrain
PLATINUM SPONSOR
1517 May 2011, Bahrain

GULF CONVENTION CENTRE, BAHRAIN
ORGANIZERS
Join leaders in the international pipeline industry as they converge for the Best Practice in Pipeline Operations and Integrity Management Conference and Exhibition in Bahrain.
CONFERENCE
Six technical streams covering a wide range of subjects will run over the two and a half day event (and presented by industry leaders). Planning, design, construction and materials Operations and maintenance Asset integrity management Inspection and cathodic protection Repair and rehabilitation Automation and control Leak detection Paper abstracts are now being accepted.
EXHIBITION
A comprehensive exhibition will be part of the event, allowing companies from around the world to showcase their products and services. Contact us today to book your space.
NETWORKING
Throughout the event there will be ample opportunities to network with participants to further your business relationships. Meet with industry leaders from around the world.
The V Bevel.
The advantages of laser vision

The incorporation of new laser technology is designed to: Real-time tracking at higher speeds; Real-time closed loop control; Adjustment to travel speed, wire feed speed, and oscillation width to achieve adaptive fill around the pipe; and, Inspection and reporting of the bevel and root bead in the critical path for immediate correction. In addition, a permanent computer record of all welds and inspections is available as a permanent record for operators and owners.
The Vision System will be used for the first time in the field as part of an Incalloyclad project in Norway. CRC-Evans provides pipeline construction equipment, automatic welding systems, managed subsea services, field joint coating and heat treatment, and non-destructive testing. Based in Houston, Texas, CRC-Evans has offices in North America, Europe, South Africa and the Middle East.
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Demonstrating the laser vision technology in a narrow groove.
For further information visit www.crc-evans.com
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www.pipelineconf.com
Terrain review
Terrain review
Sunland Constructions equipment at work in the marshes of Louisiana, USA.
Getting the job done in swamp, marsh and wetland terrain

From the wetlands in far-eastern Russia to the swamps and marshes of North Americas river systems, constructing pipelines in wet terrain requires unique construction methodologies and equipment. Pipelines International spoke with the companies constructing in swamp, marsh and wetland terrain and the manufacturers supplying them with specialist equipment.
he US Environmental Protection Agency defines wetlands as lands where saturation with water is the dominant factor determining the nature of soil development and the types of plant and animal communities living in the soil and on its surface. Wetlands are found from the tundra to the tropics on every continent except Antarctica and include swamps, marshes, bogs and similar areas. The prevalence of wetland terrain means that pipeline engineers, environmental consultants, construction contractors, and product and service providers operating anywhere around the world could be bidding for work on a pipeline which traverses wetland terrain. Knowing the challenges unique to these environments could be the key in securing a competitive tender.
new line construction, vegetation control, auxiliary transport vehicle, and wildfire suppression. Sunland Construction has completed two major 42 inch pipeline spreads for Cheniere Pipeline's Creaole Trail Pipeline in Louisiana, totalling 68 km, with the help of Sunland-Kori amphibious undercarriages. Sunland Construction also used Sunland-Kori amphibious undercarriages while working on 27 km of 42 inch pipeline for the Golden Pass Pipeline in Texas. Sunland Construction Gulf Coast Division Manager Louis Ledet Jr says that during those projects amphibious equipment allowed excavators to manoeuvre in marsh and swamp areas without disturbing the terrain. This is an important characteristic as contractors today are responsible for complying with strict environmental standards. Being versatile is key when working in swampland, and amphibious equipment manufacturers offer a variety of boom-andstick options, buckets, and other attachments to meet the demands of any operation. Many upper attachments are interchangeable and mounting can be done in a few hours. Other accessories, such as tree cutters, are designed to be quickly switched with the bucket. In addition to excavators,
other heavy equipment can be mounted on amphibious undercarriages. Some examples of options include draglines, backhoes, geophysical drills, and personnel/cargo carriers, says Mr Ledet Jr.
within these hydrologically and ecologically sensitive areas. RoW clearance and operation RoW clearance and operation, temporary sediment control and trench dewatering should all be undertaken with the addition of special measures to protect wetlands and marsh areas and to minimise the impact to the environment. As outlined in Sakhalin Energys EIAA, constructors should limit construction equipment operating in wetland areas to that required for RoW clearing, trenching, installation of the pipeline, backfill of the trench and RoW reinstatement. Vegetation should be cut just above ground level so that the plants existing root systems are left in place. Any cut vegetation should then be removed from the wetland for disposal. It is also important that the pulling of tree stumps and grading activities are limited to the area directly over the trench line. When clearing the RoW, workers should not grade or remove stumps or root systems from the rest of the construction RoW, unless an environmental inspector has determined that safety-related construction constraints require grading or the removal of tree stumps from those areas. The EIAA also directs constructors to refrain from using rock or soil imported from outside the wetland, and from using tree stumps or brush riprap to support equipment on the construction RoW. According to Sakhalin Energy If standing water or saturated soils are present, or if construction equipment causes ruts or mixing of the topsoil and subsoil in wetlands, constructors should use low ground-weight construction equipment, or operate normal equipment on timber riprap, prefabricated equipment mats, or terra mats. Temporary sediment control Another consideration for contractors constructing pipelines through wetland, swamp or marsh environments is temporary sediment control. Sakhalin Energys EIAA recommends that sediment barriers are installed across the entire construction RoW at all wetland crossings, where necessary, to prevent sediment flow into the wetland. Removable sediment barriers can be removed during actual construction, but must be re-installed after construction has stopped for the day and/or when heavy precipitation is imminent.
Developing construction methods to protect Russias wetlands

A section of Sakhalin Energys Sakhalin-2 Pipeline passes across significant areas of wetland habitat between Piltun and the LNG plant at Prigorodnoye in Aniva Bay, located in far-eastern Russia. To address the challenges of constructing pipeline through wetland terrain, the company included a chapter dedicated to pipeline construction in wetlands in its Environmental Impact Assessment Addendum (EIAA) in 2005, which included a general discussion of the nature of wetland habitat, the specific types of wetlands encountered along the pipeline route, the construction methodology to be employed in crossing these areas and proposed mitigation and monitoring measures. According to Sakhalin Energy The construction of pipelines through wetland areas requires a combination of techniques and methods that are used as standard along the rest of the pipeline route and that are specifically designed to minimise impact
Getting equipped
Choosing the right equipment is essential to avoid getting bogged down when installing pipelines in marsh, swamp and wetland terrain. Three manufacturers and distributors of amphibious equipment in North America explain the benefits of amphibious equipment.
Remote access vehicle manufacturer PFM Manufacturing supplies Land Tamer amphibious vehicles to pipeline construction companies in North America and around the world. PFMs Patrick Miller Jr says that the main advantage of using amphibious vehicles for marsh or swamp terrain is their low ground pressure design. They can cross over bogland, mud or swamp without leaving deep tracks and because of the low ground pressure, are much more environmentally friendly than other vehicles. Most amphibious equipment can float in water and this is the major advantage over non-amphibious vehicles. An amphibious vehicle needs to be able to make the transition from hard ground to swamp muskeg, to open water and get you back to your destination safely with minimal problems and minimal hassle, says Mr Miller Jr. US-based amphibious vehicle manufacturer Hydratreks Craig Simonton agrees that amphibious equipment has a range of benefits saying There are many applications and reason to use amphibious equipment in marshes, swamps, and wetland areas. First, the machines are made from
100 per cent aluminium, which provides added durability, ruggedness, and safety over conventional all-terrain vehicles. Second, most equipment is built standard with rubber overthe-tyre tracks that can be used for multiple terrains and surfaces. The tracks lower the ground pressure significantly and allow the vehicles to handle heavy mud, excessive vegetation and debris with relative ease. Due to the rubber track system, the environmental impact is reduced significantly. Most equipment that is used in the industry is very large and weighs several tonnes. Utilising tracks instead of tyres will reduce the ground pressure, keeping the equipment from uprooting the vegetation and allowing the area to recover more quickly. Also, the diesel engines are very clean burning and fuel efficient compared to gasoline engines, says Mr. Simonton. Several small and large companies such as Tennessee Valley Authority, Georgia Power, Texas Gas Transmission, Hydro One, Atco Electric and Xcel Energy are using Hydratrek amphibious equipment on a daily basis for utility and gas projects all across North America. Applications range from right-of-way (RoW) survey and management,
A Hydratrek amphibious vehicle has twin bronze propellers that allow the machine to cross bodies of water in wetland terrain.
Wilco Pipelines backhoe equipment trenches a ditch to accommodate pipe installation in marsh terrain.
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Terrain review
Punj Lloyd: specialising in swamp pipeline construction

In the swamps of Indonesia, Punj Lloyd has overcome challenging conditions, including extreme surface currents, around-the-clock maintenance of equipment and dangerous wildlife to construct the pipeline infrastructure required to recover the South East Asian nations extensive petroleum resources.
ndonesia is an archipelago consisting of approximately 13,000 islands stretched out between the two continental shelves of Asia and Australia. The islands are densely populated by swamp and marsh terrain. At the end of 2008 the countrys proven petroleum reserves included 3.7 Bbbl of oil and 3.18 Tcm of natural gas. Projects designed to monetise these resources in regions characterised by swamp or marsh land have required the development of particular pipeline construction methods to effectively and efficiently lay pipeline in these environments. Indian pipeline engineering and construction company Punj Lloyd knows the challenges presented by pipeline construction in swamp and marsh terrain. The company was required to carry out works in these terrains for both Phase 9 of Total E&P Indonesies Tunu Field Development, which connected satellite testing stations to the existing pipeline network, and for pipeline installation works on the Tambora Field Development Project Phase II.
PFMs Land Tamer Extra Heavy Duty amphibious vehicles.
Where wetlands are adjacent to the construction RoW and the RoW slopes toward the wetland, install sediment barriers along the edge of the RoW as necessary to contain spoil and prevent sediment flow into the wetland. These sediment barriers should be removed during the RoW cleanup following pipeline installation. Trench dewatering Finally the EIAA suggest that contractors should dewater the trench (either on or off the construction RoW) in a manner that does not cause erosion and does not result in heavily silt-laden water flowing into any wetland. The Addendum states Remove the dewatering structures as soon as possible after the completion of dewatering activities.
North Americas marshlands

In 2009 Wilco Pipeline Contractors completed two projects in Louisiana, USA, which involved construction through marshland. The first project was completed for the US Army Corps of Engineers and
involved a 6 km, 30 inch diameter steel pipeline near Hackberry. The second project was completed for Denbury Resources and involved a 24 inch diameter steel pipeline approximately 21 km in length in the Atchafalaya Basin near Lottie. Wilco Managing Member John Wilson Jr says When there is access from existing public roads a push site is established. Depending on the pipe diameter, the overall site size would be 18 to 30 m wide by 183 to 244 m long. Mats would be staged to provide firm foundation for the equipment and pipe racks. If land access is not available, then several barges would be used tethered together to provide similar area. Once the push site is established, rollers are strategically placed to accommodate random pipe lengths. Various stations are established to accommodate initial and final welding, quality control inspection, repairs, coating application and float placement, says Mr Wilson Jr. Mr Wilson Jr says that access is a major concern when water is encountered as conventional equipment typically would not be able to manoeuvre in the extreme
conditions encountered. Specialised equipment like the soft terrain vehicle or buggy exerts low ground pressure and is available for rent and purchase. Also depending on the overall size of the pontoons, the buggy can float in up to 2.4 m of water and still be able to excavate the pipe ditch. With modern coating systems and quality control, any potential for corrosion can be mitigated. Mr Wilson Jr says that original coating system and application is critical, while sacrificial anodes and rectifier systems can mitigate corrosive environments. Other than routine safety measures like eye and hearing protection, lifting devices, electrical shock and individual strains, additional safety procedures are implemented to identify plants and insects that may be prevalent in the region. Mr Wilson Jr also notes Employees are also cautioned concerning snakes, alligators and other wildlife in the region. Depending on the remoteness of the project, additional provisions may be implemented for use of helicopter equipment in the event that an individual requires emergency evacuation.
Tunu Field Development Phase 9

Tunu is a gas and condensate field in East Kalimantan on the outer margin of the Mahakam Delta, located partially onshore in swamp terrain and partially offshore in shallow waters. The Mahakam Delta is infamous for its shallow sea with excessive surface currents while the inner delta, crisscrossed by rivers, is inhabited by salt-water crocodiles, snakes and other reptiles. The purpose of the Phase 9 Tunu Field Development, completed in January 2005, was to enable Total E&P Indonesie to meet its production requirement with the construction of trunklines connecting new gathering stations (GTS) to the existing pipeline network, which transports the gas to the Bontang LNG terminal. For successful execution of this project Punj Lloyd deployed its fleet of marine
Aerial installation works on the Tunu Field Development Phase 9 project.
Wilco Pipelines ten steps for pipeline construction in swamp terrain 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Constructing the Sakhalin-2 Pipeline through wetlands in the extreme cold.
8. 9. 10.
Move in equipment and personnel to establish and prepare right-of-way for continuous access. Identify and mark sensitive areas. Determine logistics for pipe, material and personnel movement. Backhoe equipment trenches ditch with sufficient depth and width to accommodate pipe installation. Crews perform welding, coating and quality control functions and then install sufficient floats for buoyancy purposes. Equipment then guides different sections into final position before removing floats. Equipment and personnel are dispatched to remote locations to weld all sections in advance of backfilling. After substantial backfill and all welding is completed, entire line is subjected to hydrostatic testing to confirm suitability for intended use. After hydrotest, tie-ins are completed. Final cleanup, restoration and move out equipment and personnel. Pipelines International | December 2010
equipment, comprising purpose-built barges, amphibian equipment, shallow tugs and dredgers with a draft of one metre. The tie-in of the two strings was carried out in the onshore swamp trench. The pipe pull head was at kilometre point 1,350, which meant a total of 750 m of pipe section was pulled offshore. Four flexi-yoke barges with 32 t safe working load were deployed along with two swamp excavators to carry out this specialised tie-in onshore. The onshore activity was tide-dependent and the movement of flexi-yoke barges was possible only during the high tide. Tie-ins and other associated activities such as radiography and field joint coating were performed at low tides.
Cranes lift pipes into position on the Tambora Field Development project.
Pipelaying through swamp waters on the Tunu Field Development Phase 9 project.
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Projects
Trenching work on the Tambora Field Development.
Tambora Field Development

Punj Lloyd was also awarded an engineering, procurement and construction contract to construct a 24 inch diameter gas pipeline as part of Total E&P Indonesies Tambora Field Development, which was completed in June 2006. Located in East of Kalimantan, on the inner margin of the Mahakam Delta, the Tambora project involved pipeline construction in swamp and marsh terrain. The project involved the installation of a gas pipeline network comprising a 24 inch diameter trunkline from the then newly installed GTS 4 Station, to the existing STP 3 located at the central processing unit of the Tambora field. Eight inch diameter flowlines with 2 inch diameter piggy back lines connect gas wellhead platforms to the GTS 3. These lines also comprise five horizontal directional drilled (HDD) sections, four of 24 inch diameter and one of 8 inch diameter. The immediate requirement was to reroute the three existing 6 inch diameter flowlines to install new facilities, which involved piling, pipelaying, welding, NDT, testing and coating in the swamp. Construction materials required at the marsh locations were transported through landing craft, tugs and barges, while personnel staff lodged in long boats and moved around the sites with the aid of speed boats and sea trucks. The water front and the jetty facility at Sungaipurun yard were widely utilised. The installation involved right-of-way clearing of dense, marshy plants along the pipeline route. Specialised swamp equipment was extensively used for swamp sections,
Barge equipped with cran
e.
In terms of environmental considerations, the discharges from the project activity had to be controlled to prevent water pollution which would adversely affect living organisms, materials, and even cause deterioration in the quality of water. Remoteness of the location was a major challenge for the project team, restricting mobilisation of personnel and machinery. The complexities of swamps and marshes were considered throughout the entire project from the selection of appropriate marine vessels to survey the right-of-way, to the logistics of trench excavation, pipelaying, welding and non-destructive testing (NDT), coating and tie-ins, river crossings, floatation of the string, pulling cable, tie-ins and riverbank re-instatement.
where the swamp was generally 2 m deep. Piles were driven in these sections and prefabricated structures were installed to support the pipes. At HDD locations, the strings were prefabricated. For this activity, lifting equipment such as cranes was required and swamp equipment was used extensively. Work was carried out by positioning the equipment and material throughout the alignment of the aerial section of the pipeline, while the traditional installation method of push-pull was undertaken from one location only. At HDD locations, the strings were prefabricated on these aerial sections. Temporary jetty and platforms were installed at all these locations for resources and material mobilisation and demobilisation and the HDD strings were pre-tested before pull back and were placed over rollers to facilitate smooth pull back. Dredging at river crossings used a clamshell barge and the prefabricated rivercrossing spools were installed by a rivercrossing work barge, which had been fitted with davits at the Sungaipurun yard. Punj Lloyd President Offshore V. P. Sharma has successfully executed projects in the swamp terrain for more than a decade. Speaking on the construction challenges in the swamp terrain he said The major challenge which we continuously face in the swamp terrain is working in an environmentally sensitive region so as to preserve the endangered ecosystem. All project-related work has to be executed keeping in mind the protection of the rare flora and fauna. Long years of working in the swamp region have taught me new methods of overcoming challenges. I have spent 11 years working in the Mahakam Delta where every project taught me new ways and methods to conquer hurdles.
Method of construction
24 inch diameter trunkline
Pipe bridge: 7 Sections 3,916 m HDD crossing: 4 Sections 5,494 m Open cut river crossing: 1 Section 64 m
Oilserv workers handle the pipeline after completing a weld.
8 inch diameter flowline and 2 inch diameter piggyback line

Pipe bridge: 8 Sections 7,809 m HDD crossing: 1 Section 914 m Open cut river crossing: 3 Sections 365 m
Oando nearing completion on Nigerian pipeline

Oando Gas & Powers subsidiary East Horizon Gas Company is nearing completion of its 128 km gas pipeline linking the Calabar Cluster of industries to the Nigerian Gas Companys grid in Akwa Ibom state, Nigeria.
6 inch diameter flowline re-routing

Pipe bridge: 3 Sections 1,300 m
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Projects
The 128 km pipeline project is being completed to supply natural gas to industrial areas in the southeast of Nigeria.
The pipeline route is characterised by undulating and rocky topography. The RoW also has swampy areas, and the seasonal and recurring flooding along the route also presents some civil engineering and logistical challenges.
We hope to reach all parts of the country with the gas grid in the coming years, said Mr Awobokun. We have built a network in Lagos. We are doing the same in the east of the country, and very soon we shall start work in the west. The company also aims to replicate the success of the Greater Lagos natural gas distribution scheme in other parts of Nigeria and West Africa by making significant investments in pipelines and related infrastructure to ensure a reliable supply of natural gas.
ando Gas & Powers 128 km pipeline project involves the construction of an 18 inch diameter pipeline from the existing Obigbo ALSCON Pipeline at Ukanafun, Akwa Ibom state, to Mfamosing, near Calabar in Cross River state. The pipeline is being constructed to supply natural gas to industrial areas in the southeast of Nigeria. In addition to the 100 km gas pipeline distribution network the company has constructed in Lagos, the project will service over 100 companies. The foundation customer is United Cement Company which is estimated initially to offtake 22 MMcf/d to fuel to its new cement plant at Calabar. Upon completion, expected in the first quarter of 2011, the transmission pipeline will deliver 100 MMcf/d of gas.
Pipeline construction
Zishan Engineering completed engineering and design work on the pipeline, and construction began on the pipeline in November 2008. Oilserv Nigeria Ltd is the primary construction contractor on the project. The scope of work under the contract includes right-of-way (RoW) survey; pipeline trench excavation; stringing and welding of the pipes; non-destructive testing of the welded joints; field-joint coating; flushing, hydrotesting and drying; and, execution of the associated civil works. East Horizon Gas Company (EHGC) also subcontracted major aspects of the project, including horizontal directional drilling (HDD) and swamp pipeline construction, to local contractors Enikkom and MJD Oil Services respectively. In addition, EHGC
engaged the services of NACE-certified Solewant/Kema Coating Nigeria Ltd to undertake corrosion coating of the field bends and their girth welds. Oando Gas & Power is committed to safety, quality, health and environment standards. The pipeline design and construction is compliant with the ASME B31.8 standard, and the pipeline is fitted with pressure relief valves set at 10 per cent below the pipeline maximum allowable operating pressure. The pipeline is built to the Nigerian standard of Class 2 Human Density. This category necessitates the installation of automatic line-break valves located at intervals prescribed by the applicable codes, and at the banks where the pipe crosses a waterway.
Challenges
The pipeline route is characterised by undulating and rocky topography. The RoW also has swampy areas, and the seasonal and recurring flooding along the route also presents some civil engineering and logistical challenges. Pipeline construction in swamp areas were executed using anchor blocks to create required negative buoyancy for the welded pipeline, and to avoid flotation of the line. The trench backfill was also increased from 1.2 m to 2 m in these areas. HDD was deployed at all the seven river crossings as opposed to the traditional opencut practice. This technique was chosen to mitigate the social and environmental impacts of the river crossing construction. Thrust boring was also used for pulling the welded spool under major roads without
affecting their integrity and structure. EHGC held a number of awareness sessions to educate host communities on the environmental, health and safety impact assessment of the project. Landowners whose farmland and trees were affected by the RoW clearing were duly compensated at levels determined by state government. In addition, community shrines and sacred areas were avoided, and cultural heritage sites along the pipeline RoW were also adequately compensated prior to relocation.
Oando investing in Nigerias pipeline future

In October 2010 Oando Chief Executive Officer Yomi Awobokun said the company will build 120 km of gas pipelines every 18 to 24 months as part of its plans to develop a gas grid that will feed power plants.
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Technical
Technical
Dealing with the technicalities of CO2 pipelines

By John Tiratsoo, Pipelines International Editor-in-Chief
The techno-economics of a phased approach to developing a UK CO2 pipeline network

By Saulat Lone, Sui Northern Gas Pipelines Ltd, Pakistan; Dr Tim Cockerill, ICEPT, Imperial College London, UK; and, Prof. Sandro Macchietto, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, UK A phased approach to developing a CCS pipeline network would see an initial backbone system constructed to collect CO2 from the very largest sources. Once the backbone was in place, it might be possible to add a large number of smaller sources for relatively little additional cost. This paper analyses the technoeconomics of a phased approach to rolling out a comprehensive UK CO2 onshore pipeline network. The authors have developed a series of idealised scenarios where, initially, a new UK network is established to carry emissions from largescale producers of CO2, defined as more than 3 MMt/a. In a second phase of development, medium-scale emitters are added to the network. A final third phase incorporates small producers with emissions in the range 0.51 MMt/a. For all scenarios, two different approaches to network construction have been compared, one using intermediate repressurisation stations and one relying only on initial pressurisation. The authors results compare the construction and transportation costs of the different network configurations in each scenario, indicating the cost per tonne of CO2 transport. While there are some benefits offered to smaller sources by a phased approach, a rule of diminishing returns operates, with each tier experiencing an increase in marginal transport costs. The sensitivity of the costs to changes in the network configuration and design assumptions is investigated.
Following the successful International Forum on the Transportation of CO2 by Pipeline held earlier this year, the December issue of the Journal of Pipeline Engineering is dedicated to this topic, including key learnings, a phased approach to developing a CO2 pipeline network, project design and operating issues.
he issue includes a number of papers written for the Forum, Held in July, the Forum was organised by Tiratsoo Technical, a division of Great Southern Press, Clarion Technical Conferences and the University of Newcastle, UK. As readers of Pipelines International may know, there is a dearth of published material on this specific aspect of the so-called carbon economy. Although the concept of carbon capture and storage (CCS) has been relatively well-known for a number of years, the subject of transportation from the material's capture site to its storage site seems only recently to have begun to be considered. Although many are quick to point out that over 7,000 km of CO2 pipelines have been operational in the US for a number of years, it is important to remember that these pipelines transport pure CO2 either from geologic reservoirs or from extraction plants, for the specific purpose of enhanced oil recovery. The gaseous material involved in CCS schemes often now known as anthropogenic CO2 is very different, being both at high temperatures and pressures, and containing considerable gaseous impurities. Anthropogenic CO2 does not behave like natural gas, and the science and engineering developed for the latter can therefore not necessarily be straightforwardly applied to the former. This article highlights several of the papers from the December issue of the Journal of Pipeline Engineering which, with an earlier issue, encompasses a broad overview of many aspects of the CO2 transport by pipeline. The issue is introduced by a guest editorial, written by Dr Julia Race of the University of Newcastle, which reviews progress in this field. The University is at the heart of much research into the area of CO2 transportation, and participates in a number of joint-industry projects and other initiatives on this subject.
Will fractures propagate in a leaking CO2 pipeline?

By Dr Robert Andrews, BMT Fleet Technology, Loughborough, UK; Dr Jane Haswell, Pipeline Integrity Engineers, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; and, Russell Cooper, National Grid Gas Transmission, Warwick, UK A hypothetical concern has been raised that leaks in a CO2 pipeline could escalate to a propagating fracture. This is due to the potentially large temperature drop associated with the expansion of either gaseous or dense-phase CO2 to ambient conditions. It is suggested this local cooling would lower the pipe wall temperature to an extent that would initiate a brittle fracture, followed by a transition to a propagating fracture. Although such a mechanism could theoretically occur in natural gas pipelines, there is increased concern for CO2 transport because of the different thermodynamic behaviour of the contents, particularly for dense-phase transport. This paper critically reviews the literature associated with this postulated failure mechanism and other studies on the cooling of cracks and holes by escaping fluid. It is concluded that pipelines constructed to modern standards are not at risk. Limited crack extension may occur when the leak is through a tight crack in a material of low toughness. However, the crack will arrest as it enters warmer material remote from the leak. Escalation to a propagating fracture can be controlled using methods which are widely used and understood in the pipeline industry.
How to select wall thickness, steel toughness, and operating pressure for long CO2 pipelines
By Graeme G King, Tensor Engineering Ltd, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; and, Satish Kumar, Masdar Carbon, Abu Dhabi, UAE Masdar Carbon is planning to capture CO2 from power plants, smelters, steel works, industrial facilities, and oil and gas processing plants in Abu Dhabi in a phased series of projects. Captured CO2 will be transported in a new national CO2 pipeline network with a nominal capacity of 20 MMt/a to oil reservoirs where it will be injected for reservoir management and sequestration. The design of the wall thickness, pipe toughness, and operating pressure of the network considered fundamental thermodynamic properties of CO2, code requirements, toughness needed to control long ductile fractures, and cost optimisation to resolve contention between the different technical requirements and arrive at a safe and economical pipeline design. The work selected a design pressure of 24.5 MPa, well above the critical point for CO2 and much higher than is normally seen in conventional oil and gas pipelines.
CO2 transport infrastructure key learning and critical issues

By James Watt, AMEC Power and Process, Europe, Darlington, UK CCS is acknowledged as one of the key technologies in CO2 abatement. While not a permanent solution, it can enable the continued use of hydrocarbon-based power generation and reduce emissions from industrial processes. This is critical in decarbonising while renewable and cleaner energy sources come online to resolve the issues around energy security and security of supply. Transportation of CO2 in a CCS scheme is critically important but has not been well addressed. While increasing attention is paid to storage and capture technology, transportation issues still lag behind. In particular, storage assessments, research increases and demonstration projects drive capture technology development. Shipping is rising as a potential solution and more consideration is being given to the impact of clusters and networks. The amount of CO2 pipelines is approximately 6,000 km globally, the majority of which are in North America. Compared to other pipeline distances for natural or hydrocarbon pipelines, this is a relatively small experience base. Systems that do exist are also different. The majority of pipelines are installed for the purposes of enhanced oil recovery, often using natural sources. There are anthropogenic sources, but not many. While pipeline design is common practice, the concern if any is the fluid being transferred and the dynamics of the system. In such a new field set for rapid growth, industry needs to understand and make use of what experience is available and transferable and, more importantly, identify the gaps.
The Second International Forum of Transportation of CO2 by Pipeline will be held at the Newcastle-Gateshead Hilton Hotel on 2223 June 2011, and the organising committee is currently soliciting papers for the Forum. Chaired by Professor Martin Downie of the University of Newcastle, the committee is composed of Dr Julia Race of the University, John Tiratsoo of Tiratsoo Technical, and BJ Lowe of Clarion Technical Conferences, Houston. For more information email jtiratsoo@gs-press.com or bjlowe@clarion.org
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Pigging
Pigging
Cleaning pigs maintaining pipeline integrity

Cleaning pigs are integral for the maintenance of pipeline infrastructure at any stage of the assets life from construction to operation, and for repair and decommissioning. Here, Pipelines International looks at the basics of cleaning pigs.
leaning pigs can be used to remove dirt or general construction debris that may have been left inside the pipe during construction; during the hydrostatic testing process they can be propelled through the pipeline with the test water as a tool to expel air from the line. Following this, a cleaning pig is used to dewater and dry the pipeline before commissioning. During operation, cleaning pigs are used to remove debris, millscale, paraffin wax and other deposits for a more efficient flow of product, and to control corrosion. Pig manufacturing company Rosen says that there are three considerations that interact when choosing the right cleaning pig for the job: the duty of the pig, the geometry of the pipeline, and the operating conditions of the pipeline. Girard Industries agrees, saying that it is important to consider pipeline characteristics which include bends, valves, diameter changes, intersections and intrusive devices. BJB Services and Enduro Pipeline Services point to other characteristics such as the type of launch and receive facilities present on the pipeline, and whether the pipeline has an internal coating.
A cleaning pig with brushes attached.
An Enduro cleaning pig.
in the commissioning process. BJB says Solid urethane pigs have a longer wear life than foam pigs but have less flexibility. Polyurethane pigs are often used on internally-coated pipelines, as they are not equipped with cleaning devices that could damage or remove the coating. If a gas pipeline is free of internal coating, a cleaning pig with brushes can be used.
One of Inline Service s cleaning pigs after a run through a pipelin e.
Mandrel pigs, cups and discs Mandrel pigs have a metal body with seals, scraper cups or discs on the exterior. The pigs can be used to clean the line, for an ovality check or for gauging the internal diameter of the pipe, as a sealing pig, as a combination clean/sealing pig, or for batching, dewatering and drying after testing. According to Inline Services The majority of highly efficient cleaning pigs are mandrel pigs, using drive or cleaning cups and discs,
or aggressive brushes that are matched for the application and conditions. Rosen agrees, stating that guiding and sealing discs for mandrel pigs have the same hardness as a polyurethane pig, and can be refurbished for use on different pipeline projects. Extra discs, brushes or cups can be provided to attach to mandrel pigs to scrape extra debris: for example, crude oil lines can get a heavy wax build-up and sometimes require extra discs on the pig to clean the line. Cups are also used to push debris out of a pipeline. BJB explains that it provides cups of different shapes that vary in cleaning strength. A conical cup is our least aggressive cup profile and is generally used when the condition of the line is not well known or significant quantities of debris are expected. The scraper cup has a similar profile, but has a built-in scraper edge providing a more aggressive clean. Inline Services says that discs are used to either seal or scrape the pipe wall. Sealing discs are usually softer, while scraping or guide discs are sized close to the pipes internal diameter and made from harder materials.
Types of cleaning pig

Because of the differences inherent in each pipeline, and the products varied uses, cleaning pigs are available in a number of different designs. Foam and polyurethane pigs Foam and polyurethane pigs are available in various densities and shapes. They can be bullet shaped, have concave ends or flat ends, be coated, or have a silicone carbine coating for more-aggressive cleaning. In addition, some foam pigs can have a crisscross pattern with silicone carbine implanted in the pig, providing extra abrasion resistance in medium-length pipe runs. The shape of the pig dictates how fast it travels while in the pipe. The travel speed in
turn determines the force of the pigs cleaning edge, with higher-speed pigs being able to remove tougher debris. According to Enduro Foam pigs are good to clean a dry pipeline once the bulk of the water or liquids have been removed. They are also good to use when starting a cleaning programme, when there may be a large amount of debris present in the system, causing partial blockage. For this, you would start with undersized pigs and work your way up to running metal-bodied pigs in different configurations, or running all-urethane pigs. BJB explains Medium and high-density foam pigs are often used as the first pigs in a cleaning operation because they are able to push significant quantities of loose debris in the line, and are flexible enough to pass through many restrictions. Light-density foam pigs are often used to soak-up liquids as their open-cell foam aids drying the pipeline after hydrostatic testing. Solid polyurethane pigs are also used as a first or second pig for a cleaning operation, and can be designed to be used in batching or displacement of fluids in petroleum, chemical or process industry pipelines. Batching refers to when a pig is used between batches of
Brushes can be attached to cleaning pigs for extra abrasion.
product, such as between petrol and various other types of fuel. A displacement pig displaces one fluid with another and is used
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Pigging
Pigging
Fitness-for-service assessment of unpiggable pipelines

A standard BJB Services cleaning pig with two disc cups. The disc cup is designed for heavy-duty scraping. A conical cup.
Advanced ultrasonic in-line inspection tools provide accurate, repeatable, 100 per cent coverage data that can be used to manage pipeline reliability.
ipeline operators have long been aware of the need to manage and maintain the integrity of their systems. Recent advances and proven deployment of compact, highly accurate ultrasonic inspection tools for unpiggable and difficult-to-inspect pipelines, in addition to engineering assessment, allow operators to analyse and make decisions that affect continuing reliability. Quest Integrity Group has developed a number of leading-edge solutions for the inspection and assessment of unpiggable pipelines. InVista is an ultrasonic, fully self-contained, free flowing in-line inspection tool. Unlike other systems, it provides direct measurement of anomaly characteristics for superior pipeline integrity assessment. The tool detects internal and external corrosion in addition to the dimensional change in difficult configurations, including 1D bends. The tool is easily launched and bi-directional, and is designed to provide high-resolution measurement data of axial position, geometry, and wall thickness.
A cleaning pi g available
from Inline Services.
ces. le from BJB Servi r cups, availab Several Lineboa
Girard Industries adds A disc pig is generally considered more efficient at removing liquids than a cup pig. In addition, both metallic and nonmetallic brushes can be attached to mandrel pigs. Generally brushes are used when more aggressive cleaning is required to remove tough debris. Liquids pipelines are best cleaned with a pig equipped with cleaning devices attached, such as brushes, which can remove fine solids that may have settled in the pipeline. Enduro states Brushes can be manufactured from a number of different materials: round wire bristles, flat coarse bristles, pencil brushes and nylon bristles. Rosen also says that it supplies a large variety of accessories for cleaning pigs such as spring-loaded brushes, standard accessory flanges for installation of transmitters and data loggers, and Roplast Easy Clean for pre-commissioning and routine pigging operations in most pipelines.
Market developments
One of E nduros cleaning pigs.
BJB Services says that pig designs are becoming increasingly diversified to allow for greater flexibility when cleaning a line, with pig-tracking equipment becoming much more sensitive, and wireless applications beginning to appear on the scene.
In the United States, we are seeing that the majority of the cups we have sold over the past year are being run in lines that have never been pigged, or that have not had a pig run through them in over ten years. We have also seen an increase in the number of launcher and receiver installations over the past year. Hopefully, this is a sign that industry awareness of pigging is improving, the company says. Enduro states that it is working toward improving its pig designs for dual-diameter and multiple-diameter pipelines. We are working on custom-designing pigs for pipelines that have in the past been deemed non-piggable due to diameter changes or other non-piggable features. Inline Services has also observed a number of market developments. With the current demand for inspecting pipelines with in-line inspection tools, cleaning prior to inspection has increased dramatically. Although inspection tools are very robust, they require a clean pipeline to ensure that the environment they are operating in allows for collection of usable data. In addition to the use of pencil brushes to clean corrosion pits, there are several new innovative concepts being used. One is the use of cutter discs which incorporate a serrated outer edge that helps to scrape debris from the pipe wall. This is especially effective in wax, sludge, and black powder applications.
Asset Longevity Plant & Pipeline Performance
We provide highly accurate, technology-enabled inspection and assessment solutions that help companies in the process, pipeline and power industries increase profitability, reduce operational and safety risks and improve operational planning. Quest Integrity Group is built on a foundation of leading edge science and technology that has innovated and shaped industries for nearly forty years. As a dynamic business with a global presence, we are responsive to your needs and focused on empowering your operating and maintenance decisions. +1 281-557-2255 +1 253-893-7070 www.QuestIntegrity.com/pi Sales@QuestIntegrity.com
Fitness-for-service assessment
Fitness-for-service assessment is a multi-disciplinary approach to evaluate structural components to determine if they are fit for continued service. Pipelines may contain flaws or other damage, or may be subject to more severe operating conditions than the original design anticipated. Quest Integrity Groups LifeQuest pipeline assessment solution uses API 579-1/ASME FFS-1 fitness-for-service methodology to deliver an assessment of the pipeline for continued operation at defined maximum allowable operating pressure. An evaluation of remaining life and/or inspection intervals may also be part of such an assessment.
A cleaning pig coming out of the pipeline after a pig run.
For additional information about Quest Integritys products and services visit www.questintegrity.com
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Pigging
REGISTE R TODA Y Visit the Clarion website to register now www.cla rion.org
Kick start a successful business year at PPIM 2011

The acclaimed Pipeline Pigging & Integrity Management Conference is back in Houston for its 23rd year bringing together industry experts to talk all things pipeline pigging.
he Pipeline Pigging & Integrity Management (PPIM) Conference and Exhibition will allow pipeline operators and pigging engineers, manufacturers and suppliers from around the globe to hear the latest technical papers presented by industry leaders, update their skills at one of the eight training courses preceding the conference, and receive comprehensive product and service information from the industrys biggest names at the exhibition all while making and renewing important business contacts.
Hear it first at the Conference

On Day 1, Pipeline Engineerings Geoff Wilkinson will provide an overview of a patented Automatic Multiple Pig Launching system that has been developed to individually launch pigs from a preloaded cassette, INTECSEAs Leo Aldeen, BPs Leith McDonald and industry consultant Dave Agerton will discuss the increased use of multi-dimensional pipelines in the industry and the challenges this raises for pigging. Day 2 will see TransCanada PipeLines Jim Marr summarise field experience results of the latest generation EMAT in-line inspection (ILI) tool used to test the integrity of sections of pipelines susceptible to stress-corrosion cracking. Chevron ETCs Luc Huyse and Albert van Roodselaar will present their paper on the effects of ILI sizing uncertainties on the accuracy of the largest features and corrosion rate statistics.
Upgrade your skills to industry best practice

A range of technical training courses will precede the PPIM Conference, allowing delegates the opportunity to upgrade their skills to industry best practice. Training courses will run from 1415 February 2011 and will be a significant benefit to those in the industry looking to update their skills and be introduced to the latest tools for the job. Courses to be run include: Defect assessment in pipelines; US Department of Transport pipeline safety regulations; Pigging and ILI; Pipeline repair methods/in-service welding; Introduction to excavation inspection and applied NDE for pipeline integrity assessment; Advanced pipeline risk management; Performing pipeline rehabilitation; and, Stress corrosion cracking.
Marriott Westchase Hotel Houston, Texas, USA
This event is supported by Platinum Sponsor Rosen and Silver Sponsor A. Hak Industrial Services 2011 PPIM Conference and Exhibition dates Training courses: 1415 February 2011 Conference programme: 1617 February 2011 Exhibition: 1517 February 2011
Courses Conference Exhibition
Now entering it 23rd year, the PPIM Conference is recognized as the foremost international forum for sharing and learning about best practices in lifetime maintenance and condition-monitoring technology for natural gas, crude oil and product pipelines.
Plan to be there: www.clarion.org or call us at +1 713 521 5929

PLATINUM SPONSOR SILVER SPONSOR
What sets PPIM apart from other pipeline events?

Now in its 23rd year, PPIMs history of success and reputation for excellence ensures all of the important industry players are on show. PPIM is the industrys only forum devoted exclusively to pigging for maintenance and inspection, which allows in-depth discussion of technical issues and an opportunity for targeted networking among delegates involved in pipeline pigging and in-line management services. Taking place in February, the timing of the Conference is ideal for industry members to reinvigorate business contacts after the New Year holiday period and set the scene for an outstanding year of business in 2011.
The full list of speakers and abstracts of their papers can we found at www.clarion.org/ppim/ppim11/program
Dont miss out register online!

Dont miss out on your chance to re-connect with management and field operating personnel from transmission companies concerned with improved operations and integrity management, product and service providers, and research and developers leading the way in technology innovations for the industry. Make sure you start 2011 informed of the latest practices and products shaping the pigging and in-line management industry register before 17 January 2011 for the PPIM Conference early bird discount.
Putting the industry on show

The 2011 Exhibition has already sold out and boasts the biggest names in pipeline pigging and integrity management. The Exhibition is an excellent chance to see the latest products first hand and speak one-on-one with company representatives who can provide tailored advice to specific queries.
The international gathering of the global pigging industry!
Conference Organizers
A full list of exhibitors can be found at www.clarion.org/ppim/ppim11/ exhibitors
The Pipelines International team will be on hand to bring you all of the Conference news and looks forward to seeing you there!
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Engineering contractors feature
Engineering contractors feature
A snapshot of engineering contractors

Pipelines International is taking the legwork out of researching the right engineering contractor for your next job by providing a snapshot of pipeline engineering companies, their engineering capabilities, and the regions they serve. Using this feature you will quickly be able to understand the capabilities of the participating companies, including onshore/offshore expertise, diameter and pipeline length range.
Company Description
Atteris provides a range of engineering services for both onshore and offshore pipelines including: Conceptual studies FEED Detailed engineering Project management and field services. The company can undertake work on pipelines 348 inches in diameter. CB&I provides a range of engineering for onshore pipelines including: Conceptual studies FEED Detailed engineering Procurement services Project management and field services. CB&I works on pipelines 856 inches in diameter. GHD provides a range of engineering services for both onshore and offshore pipelines including: Conceptual studies FEED Detailed engineering Procurement services Project management and field services. The company can work on pipelines from 142 inches in diameter. Gulf Interstate Engineering (GIE) provides a range of engineering services for both onshore and offshore pipelines including: Conceptual studies Surveying and mapping FEED Detailed engineering Procurement services Project management and field services. The company can work in the diameter range of 460 inches.
and their capabilities
Areas served
Contact
Level 3, 220 St Georges Terrace, Perth, Western Australia 6000 Australia Tel: +61 8 9322 7922 Contact: Eric Jas www.atteris.com.au Pipeline Execution Centre 40 Eastbourne Terrace London W2 6LG UK Tel: +44 20 7053 3000 Contact: Harry Sheftali www.cbi.com
Company
Description
JP Kenny provides a range of engineering for onshore and offshore pipelines including: Conceptual studies Surveying and mapping FEED Detailed engineering Procurement services Project management and field services. JP Kenny can provide services for pipelines 456 inches in diameter as well as services for subsea systems, renewable energy, onshore oil and gas field development. Pipeline System Engineering (PSE) provides a range of engineering services for both onshore and offshore pipelines including: Conceptual studies Surveying and mapping FEED Detailed engineering Project management and field services. PSE works on pipelines of 656 inches in diameter as well as pump stations and terminals.
Areas served
Contact
Thames Plaza, 5 Pine Trees, Chertsey Lane, Staines, Middlesex, TW18 3DT UK Tel: +44 1784 417 200 Contact: Graham Freeth www.jpkenny.com
Atteris
Africa Asia Pacific North America
JP Kenny
Africa Asia Pacific Europe Middle East North America South America
CB&I
Africa Asia Pacific Europe Middle East South America
GHD
Asia Pacific Europe Middle East North America South America
199203 Charlotte Street Brisbane, Queensland 4000 Australia Tel: +61 7 3316 3000 Contact: Barbara Jinks www.ghd.com Gulf Plaza 16010 Barkers Point Lane, Suite 600, Houston, TX 77079-9000 USA Tel: +1 713 850 3400 Contact: Robert J. Sprick www.gie.com 840 7th Ave SW Suite 700 Calgary, AB T2P 3G2 Canada Tel: +1 403 269 9555 Calgary contact: Sean Weber Australian contact: Mark Coates Tel: +61 7 3166 7777 www.hatch.ca
Pipeline System Engineering
26/28 Hammersmith Grove London W6 7BA UK Tel: +44 20 8834 1002 Contact: Roberto Pirani www.pseuk.com
Gulf Interstate Engineering Company
The March edition of Pipelines International will feature companies providing offshore construction services for the pipeline industry. If your company specialises in offshore construction and is interested in being included in the March feature, email news@pipelinesinternational.com requesting a questionnaire.
The data in this feature have been provided by the companies themselves and all claims are their own.
Hatch Associates
Hatch Associates provides a range of engineering for onshore pipelines including: Conceptual studies Surveying and mapping via a known subcontractor FEED Detailed engineering Procurement services Project management. Hatch can provide services for pipelines 642 inches in diameter.
subsea pipelines risers & tie-in spools shoreline crossings
Design engineers for subsea pipeline systems

+61 (0)8 9322 7922 info@atteris.com.au www.atteris.com.au
concept design detail design construction management
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Meet the Association
Meet the Association
Committed to corrosion prevention:

With more than 25,000 members in over 100 countries, NACE has become the largest organisation in the world committed to the study of corrosion. The association is at the forefront of anti-corrosion standard best practices and training and certification programs that will extend the life of infrastructure assets. Pipelines International spoke to NACE International Executive Director Bob Chalker about its background, goals, and plans for the future.
NACE International
ACE International is a technical society committed to developing corrosion prevention and control standards. Established in 1943 by eleven corrosion engineers in the pipeline industry, NACE was originally known as the National Association of Corrosion Engineers. These founding members were involved in a regional cathodic protection (CP) group, which formed in the 1930s, when the study of CP was introduced. Built upon decades of knowledge and expertise from dedicated members around the world, NACE is now involved in every industry and area of corrosion prevention and control, from chemical processing and water systems, to transportation and infrastructure protection. NACE also serves as the forum for public policy makers to learn about corrosion prevention and its role in extending the life of infrastructure. Executive Director of NACE International Bob Chalker says Corrosion science has evolved to become its own legitimate engineering discipline with globallyimplemented advanced technologies to manage corrosion. NACEs membership includes scientists, engineers and technicians from a range of organisations, including infrastructure operators and suppliers of maintenance and life-extending technologies. The association aims to raise awareness of the need to invest in corrosion control personnel at all levels and strongly supports career development in this area. Mr Chalker adds NACE is not a trade association representing one group. It is an educational group connecting researchers, scientists, engineers, field technicians, and even industrial painters
"This is the sweet spot for NACE and its members: the development and deployment of cutting-edge technologies that extend the useful life of the worlds industrial infrastructure."
NACE International Executive Director Bob Chalker
Addressing the issue of corrosion

Mr Chalker explains that the cornerstone of pipeline integrity is proper maintenance, including condition assessment, by knowledgeable professionals. The main issue facing the integrity and maintenance of pipelines continues to be corrosion prevention, he says. Not only is pipeline corrosion prevention important for the safety of the individuals and businesses surrounding pipelines, but extending the life of existing pipelines has a significant environmental impact as environmentally-disruptive reconstruction or
Mr Chalker also says that members frequently collaborate via educational courses, conferences and programmes to discuss the most efficient ways to ensure the safe and efficient transport of oil, gas and water, and the longevity of pipelines, bridges and other assets that corrode over time.
replacement projects can be avoided. This is the sweet spot for NACE and its members: the development and deployment of cutting-edge technologies that extend the useful life of the worlds industrial infrastructure, according to Mr Chalker. With changing and aging infrastructure, more attention needs to be paid to corrosion expertise than ever before. NACE and its members regularly communicate with public policy makers and the corrosion industry to improve upon the maintenance standards that are already in place and to build pipelines that keep the flow of oil and natural
to establish standards and best practices for maintaining the infrastructure that preserves quality of life and keeps the economy competitive. NACE members are dedicated to improving and maintaining infrastructure, extending its useful life, to keep the public and the environment safe from corrosionrelated failures, and to protect the economy from the impact of failed assets. In a world in which corrosion continually challenges and threatens our industrial infrastructure, NACE and its members establish standards for technologies that control the effects of corrosion, which is the common denominator in all aging infrastructure issues, he says.
NACE is not a trade group representing one group. It is an educational group connecting researchers, scientists, engineers, field technicians, and even industrial painters to establish standards and best practices for maintaining the infrastructure that preserves quality of life and keeps the economy competitive.
bob chalker
gas steady while keeping citizens safe. The association also has a key focus on education. NACE has a global network of training and certification providers that have been dedicated to training corrosion personnel for more than 50 years. Today, high-quality training and certification for corrosion professionals are much more accessible. A new fouryear corrosion engineering degree from the University of Akron in Ohio, USA, demonstrates the importance of corrosion as a stand-alone educational discipline. NACE expects that the future will hold more of these four-year degrees and that the association will continue to grow, says Mr Chalker. In the future, NACE hopes that organisations will continue to be increasingly proactive in their maintenance activities to reduce the likelihood of corrosion and adopt a new perspective that considers the consequences of corrosion and prioritises maintenance activities on a risk basis. Mr Chalker concludes It is through these forward thinking practices that a higher standard of safety and maintenance will be developed throughout the pipeline industry.
NACE members participate in major conferences, such as the annual NACE CORROSION event, where more than 6,000 participants from more than 20 countries come together to share best practices in corrosion control and to learn new techniques from almost 400 exhibitors. Mark your calendar for NACE CORROSION 2011 to be held on 1317 March 2011 at the George R. Brown Convention Centre in Houston, Texas, USA.
Left and right: NACE International is committed to corrosion research for the improvement and maintenance of infrastructure such as pipelines.
For more information visit www.nace.org
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History
History
The Salaya Mathura Pipeline System

By Anil Tandon, Executive Director Projects, and Y.Sudhakar, Manager (MS), Indian Oil Corporation Limited Pipeline Division.
Passing through Indias of Gujarat, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh, Indian Oil Corporations Salaya Mathura Pipeline System was constructed in three sections, and covers a total distance of more than 1,200 km. Since the commissioning of the pipeline in 1978, numerous branch pipelines, spur lines, pump stations, tank farms and other facilities have been added to the system to meet Indias energy demands.
Construction continued through both winter and summer seasons, with temperatures rising to 50 degrees Celsius in summer in the states of Rajasthan and Gujarat, and heavy rains for a three to four month period in Uttar Pradesh.
ndian Oil Corporation (IOC) proposed the Salaya Mathura Pipeline System in the early 1970s. The system was planned to deliver imported and Bombay High crude oil from Indias west coast to the companys proposed refinery at Mathura in the state of Uttar Pradesh. In 1978, IOC had set up a single point mooring (SPM) system in the Gulf of Kutch to receive imported and Bombay High crude oil via tankers. The crude oil was delivered into storage tanks at Salaya, Vadinar, through a subsea pipeline system and twin onshore pipelines. From here, the crude was to be transported via the proposed Mathura Salaya Pipeline to the companys refinery in Mathura, and to IOCs Koyali Refinery via a branch line. In-house engineers at IOC prepared a detailed project report based on surveys, crude oil characteristics and the
and the quantity applied was required to make sure that optimum thickness was achieved. Cathodic protection (CP) was also installed on the pipeline system as protection against external corrosion. While the Salaya Mathura Pipeline system is ageing, a recent intelligent pig survey found that the pipeline is in good condition. This can be attributed to regular monitoring and maintenance of the mainline and CP system.
the construction period of this pipeline, horizontal direction drilling (HDD) technology was not common. Because of this all rivers, channels, streams, and canals along the route were crossed using the submerged crossings method.
Construction works underway on the Salaya Mathura Pipeline.
Facing the elements

The varied environmental conditions along the 1,200 km pipeline route, such as the rocky and hilly terrain of Rajasthan and the agricultural fields in the state of Uttar Pradesh, presented many challenges during pipeline construction. In addition, extreme weather conditions were experienced. Construction continued through both winter and summer seasons, with temperatures rising to 50 degrees Celsius in the summer in the states of
Rajasthan and Gujarat, and heavy rains for a three to four month period in Uttar Pradesh. Also, crossing bodies of water was made difficult by flooding. While working on many of the river crossings, flash flooding occurred, which increased risk when completing the open-cut submerged crossings.
Expanding the Salaya Mathura Pipeline

IOC decided to set up a refinery with a capacity of 6 MMt/a in Indias northwest region near the district now called Panipat. The company planned to supply crude oil to the refinery by increasing the capacity of the Salaya Mathura Pipeline by 6 MMt/a, as well as laying a branch line from Chaksu to the Panipat Refinery. A second SPM system was installed at Salaya to handle the additional crude oil. The expansion was carried out between 1994 and 1996. The expansion involved the construction of a number of loop lines and additional intermediate pump stations. From Chaksu, a 24 inch diameter, 349 km branch line was laid to the refinery in Panipat. Currently, IOC has plans to further increase the capacity of the Salaya Mathura Pipeline System to approximately 25 MMt/a. During the initial construction period of the Salaya Mathura Pipeline, the technologies available for laying the pipeline and completing the crossings were not as evolved as those currently available in India. At the time when the Salaya Mathura Pipeline was laid, IOC was operating a products pipeline network of 2,843 km. Currently, the company operates a pipeline network of over 11,000 km, which includes crude oil, petroleum products and gas pipelines.
hydraulic design of the system. The design was evaluated by consultant Pipe Line Technologists. A detailed project report for offshore facilities was prepared by an Indian consulting firm Engineers India Ltd with backup support from Fedric R. Harris of Holland.
Project details
well as two intermediate stations, located at Abu Road and Sendra, on the Viramgam Mathura section. Route selection was guided by a number of criteria. IOC wanted to achieve the shortest route possible while avoiding hilly areas, marshland, forest reserves, wildlife sanctuaries, highly populated areas, and mining areas when possible.
Protecting the pipeline

The mainline was coated with coal tar enamel (CTE) for protection against corrosion. This coating was applied over the ditch. The high temperatures experienced during the summer would soften the coating, resulting in the development of coating holidays. Close monitoring of the temperature of the CTE
During the construction period of this pipeline, horizontal direction drilling technology was not common. As such, all rivers, channels, streams, and canals were crossed using the submerged crossings method.
The pipeline project comprised a 275 km, 28 inch diameter pipeline from Salaya to Viramgam, a 141 km, 18 inch diameter pipeline from Viramgam to Koyali and a 24 inch diameter pipeline, which extends 803 km from Viramgam to Mathura. The project also included the SPM system in the Gulf of Kutch along with an onshore terminal at Salaya. The initial transmission capacity of the Salaya Viramgam section was 10 MMt/a, with the option to increase to 12 MMt/a following an envisaged expansion of the Koyali Refinery. The capacity of the Viramgam Koyali section was initially planned to be 3 MMt/a and that of the Viramgam Mathura section was 7 MMt/a. The pipeline system included a station at Salaya, two pump stations at Viramgam, as
The construction process

The Salaya Mathura Pipeline was laid by establishing two main spreads in each section. Spread camps were strategically located so that the mainline could be covered with minimal movement of men and machine. For this project, construction crews for each spread were divided into two groups one crew was responsible for front-end activities such as right-of-way, acquisition, grading, stringing and welding, while the other group looked after trenching, over the-ditch pipe and joint coating, welding, radiography, lowering-in, backfilling and tie-ins. Apart from these two major divisions, specialised teams would focus on the construction of railway, road, canal and river crossings, and the tie-ins. During
Panipat Mathura Chaksu
Viramgam Salaya Koyali
The Salaya Mathura Pipeline route.
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Safety
products and services
PLM and ek pass team-up to provide pipeline training
Emerson launches Shafer SH Series gas-over-oil pipeline actuator

merson Process Management has launched the Shafer SH Series of gas-over-oil valve actuators. These actuators have been designed to automate valves used for gas transmission pipelines as well as at compressor stations, gathering plants, storage facilities and meter runs. Designed for 50 years of operation, the actuator has a 15-year seal life and a 10 year warranty. The SH series actuator is operated by hydraulic oil, pressurised by the pipeline gas. Powering the actuator with oil is intended to prevent the internal corrosion associated with other actuator The SH Series valve actuator designs. The actuator is designed so that the gas is contained within two tanks, half filled with hydraulic oil. This is so the contaminants and moisture in the gas will settle to the bottom of the tank where they can be easily drained. The actuators can be used for standard on/off service or as part of an emergency shutdown system. Three sizes of SH are available to suit 28 inch valves with a torque range between 254 Newton metres and 2,032.37 Newton metres.
HSE keeping UKs pipelines safe

The United Kingdoms Health and Safety Executive understands the important role that onshore and offshore pipelines play in providing an economic method for transporting large volumes of hazardous and non-hazardous substances across, into and out of the countries. Ensuring those pipelines are safe for the pipeline workforce and the general public requires co-operation between HSE and the countrys pipeline operators.
he Health and Safety Executive (HSE) has a robust regulatory regime for ensuring pipeline safety. In the UK there are approximately 22,000 km of pipelines defined as major accident hazard pipelines (MAHPs) by the Pipelines Safety Regulations 1996. Approximately 20,000 km of these MAHPs transport natural gas at above 700 kilopascals. The remainder transport ethylene and other volatile fluids. Pipeline operators in Great Britain are required to comply with a number of different aspects of legislation and regulations to ensure the pipelines are properly designed, built, operated, maintained and decommissioned. The Gas and Pipelines Unit is responsible for the enforcement of health and safety law in relation to all pipelines in the UK, its territorial waters and the UKs Continental Shelf. In particular, it enforces health and safety laws for operators of pipelines classed as MAHPs.
Overseeing operator safety compliance

The focus of the Gas and Pipelines Units efforts are to improve health and safety outcomes in the UK through progressive improvements in risk management. This is achieved by ensuring that risks are properly controlled at onshore MAHP sites, and by working with the Offshore Division (OSD) to ensure the integrity of offshore installations and associated pipelines. The Unit contributes to OSDs targets by ensuring the integrity of emergency shutdown valves, pig traps, risers, pressure protection systems, sub-sea isolation
valves, and wellhead pipework. The Units work includes the assessment of safety cases under the Gas Safety (Management) Regulations 1996 (GSMR); pipeline aspects of safety cases under the Offshore Safety Case Regulations 2005; safety reports under the Control of Major Accident Hazard Regulations 1999 (COMAH); and, pipeline notifications under the Pipelines Safety Regulations 1996 (PSR). HSEs specialist pipelines inspectors assess the way each operator manages the risk through examination of design, operation and maintenance regimes, backed up by inspection of the assets themselves. The inspector examines pipelines and above ground installations during the construction phase to make sure that the materials and techniques being used are in accordance with the design. In addition, the HSE develops intervention plans relating to each pipeline and operator to reflect risk and other parameters. HSE also inspects pipelines during the operation phase as part of its National Transmission System (NTS) intervention plan, which is the basis of HSEs inspections for all 6,800 km of the system.
Looking to the future

The HSE Gas and Pipeline Units Operational Strategy 200813 outlines the new challenges facing the industry in the immediate future. The strategy document states that while production from the UK offshore oil and gas industry is declining, there is a continuing programme of bringing new oil and gas fields on stream.
Key issues include: Leadership from senior managers to ensure that pipeline safety is managed by all aspects of the business; Ensuring that operators develop and use key performance and safety performance indicators to ensure that they gather and evaluate the information they need to manage pipeline risks; and, The HSE consults with stakeholders and central government in the development of new pipeline safety regulations. Often these new developments are subsea and involve new pipelines, sometimes with difficult technical features such as high temperatures or deep water, which require specialised engineering solutions. As a result industry is considering options to extend operational parameters beyond previously accepted levels. Some installations are approaching the end of their design life and operators are looking for novel means of recovery of hydrocarbons from marginal fields. Head of Gas and Pipelines Unit Tony Hetherington said We must ensure that safety standards are maintained both by established operating companies under pressure to cut costs, and by the new players who now operate some fields. Well-established pipeline standards have been the cornerstone of delivering high standards of safety and we will continue to encourage their development.
ipeLine Machinery International (PLM) and ek pass have partnered for the provision of global training and consulting services for the pipeline industry. ek pass specialises in the development and delivery of heavy equipment and safety training, addressing a variety of areas ranging from clearing to clean-up. Training begins with classroom instruction where fundamentals including safety, basic maintenance, operating techniques and advanced skills are covered. The bulk of the training comprises hands-on learning, which is conducted by an ek pass expert and usually provided on an actual job site. By teaming with ek pass we connect our customers with world class, custom training delivered in classrooms, at job sites, through e-learning in whatever format the contractors or owning companies require, PLM Senior Vice President Tony Fernandez said.
For more information visit www.emersonprocess.com
Maats and Liebherr develop environmentally-friendly equipment
ek pass offers computer-based and webbased training programs.
For more information, visit the PLM website at www.plmcat.com or the ek pass website at www.ekpass.com
iebherr and Maats Pipeline Equipment have taken the next step in developing environmentallyfriendly pipeline equipment. The new Generation 4 Liebherr pipelayers are now compatible with environmentally-friendly fluids. Both models, the RL44, with 45.9 t load capacity, and the RL64, with 90.8 t load capacity, are now completely suitable for use with biodegradable fluids. This is significant because it means that approximately 126 litres of mineral oil on the RL44 or 215 litres for the RL64 can be conserved and replaced by an environmentally-friendly filling. Both machines can also be operated with biodiesel instead of standard diesel. Any variety of biodiesel fuel, which complies with either the DIN-EN 14214 or the ASTM D6751 specifications. Biodiesel is not only more environmentally friendly, but it is also much safer than standard diesel. With a flash point of approximately 130 degrees Celsius, biodiesel fuel is safer to store, handle and transport.
Liebherrs RL44 pipelayer.
Liebherrs RL64 pipelayer.
For more information visit www.maats.com
Galaxy pencil brushes on trial in Gulf of Suez
Key elements of the HSEs regulatory regime for ensuring pipeline safety can be found here: www.hse.gov.uk/pipelines
T
Galaxy's brushes mounted on a pig.
rials of Galaxy pencil brushes have been completed in several oil pipelines in the Gulf of Suez. The brushes were attached to the rear of standard bi-directional pigs and were used to remove mineral scales and wax, helping to control internal corrosion, reduce flow restrictions and prepare the lines for intelligent pigging. Galaxy pencil end brushes are used on magnetic flux leakage pipeline inspection applications. The brush size, bristle density, trim length and mounting plate geometry are customised to specific needs and tool characteristics. Virtually any brush pattern and brush angle could be achieved depending on the application.
For more information visit www.galaxybrushes.com
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Event reviews
The technical papers and panelwere well-attended.
Event reviews
Pipeline convention down under

By John Tiratsoo, Pipelines International Editor-in-Chief
Industry converges on Calgary for IPC 2010

eld every two years, the International Pipeline Conference attracts a widerange of delegates from the industry, from engineers, owners and operators, and technical experts, to product and service providers participating in the International Pipeline Exposition.
An unprecedented time in the pipeline industry, with unprecedented opportunities was one of Australian Pipeline Industry Association President Peter Coxs opening remarks in his welcoming address to the Associations recent Annual Convention held in Darwin.
The Intern ational Pip eline Exposition .
Featuring 350 technical papers from 40 countries, and a number of panels and tutorials, the 8th International Pipeline Conference and Exposition, was held in Calgary, Canada, from 27 September to 1 October 2010.
Conference
The Conference proceedings opened with a keynote presentation from the University of Albertas Department of Economics Professor Andre Plourde. Mr Plourde gave an animated speech about how pipeline owners and operators can manage their assets, while working both with government bodies and the community. He said that there is a need for a close relationship between the pipeline industry and policy makers, although a clear separation of the bodies different interests was also important to maintain. Following Mr Plourdes address, the technical papers began. Papers were organised into 14 streams covering issues such as integrity management, risk and liability, safety regulations, environmental concerns, material specifications, and construction techniques. The technical papers were of a highstandard, with 25 papers being nominated for the American Society of Mechanical Engineers Pipeline Systems Divisions (ASME PSDs) Rio Pipeline Award. The award is given to the best paper of the conference. This year, Kamal Botros and J. Geerligs won the award for their paper on Decompression wave speed in rich gas mixtures at high pressures (37 MPa) and implications on fracture control toughness requirements in pipeline design. The conference included various panel sessions, at which delegates discussed
Keynote presenter Professor Andre Plourde.
topics including issues involved with transporting anthropogenic CO2, improving the effectiveness of seam weld anomalies when completing in-line inspections, and the obligation of parties to proactively remediate pipeline operational problems. In addition to the technical and panel sessions, delegates heard from keynote speakers during the Conference lunches. On successing days the speakers were Common Ground Alliance (CGA) President Bob Kipp and Enhance Energy President Susan Cole. Mr Kipp spoke of the recent activities of the CGA, which is a 1,420-strong memberdriven Association made up of 16 key stakeholder groups such as engineering, gas
distributors, one-call centres, and insurance companies. The Association champions pipeline safety and damage prevention in North America. CGA was recently instrumental in streamlining the different locale one-call centre numbers for companies to dial before commencing excavation works. Ms Cole discussed the possibilities of CO2 use, with reference to Enhance Energys proposed project to construction a 240 km, 16 inch diameter CO2 pipeline in Alberta. Ms Cole said that once this pipeline was completed it is likely that further CO2 transportation infrastructure will develop for the purpose of enhanced oil recovery in the area.
resentations at the Convention outlined the challenges and opportunities for pipeline development in Australia and the surrounding region. These challenges included the increase in Australias population, projected to grow to 36 million by 2050, and the subsequent encroachment on pipeline easements. New developments were also noted as set to influence current and future pipeline infrastructure in the country, fluctuating loads, technology issues (increasing transportation of CO2 and slurries), and the fact that gas must remain affordable.
of gas in this category and the issues to do with their extraction. CSG developments will continue as a first priority, with further consideration of shale and tight gas projects. There will be many pipeline opportunities to connect [these reserves] to the existing mainlines, Mr Beukelman said.
Research and training: a key focus

Energy Pipelines Co-operative Research Centre (EPCRC) Chief Executive Officer Professor Valerie Linton described the EPCRCs approach to research. She stipulated that the centres outputs include upskilling and increasing the number of competent people within the [pipeline] industry, and its programmes cover the more efficient use of materials, extending the life of pipelines, advanced design and construction, and public safety and security of supply. Chris Harvey continued the theme of training with a comprehensive review of APIAs newly-introduced competency-based training initiative. Mr Harvey described APIAs proposed remedies: Competency-based training is recognised as the fastest and most efficient process to meet the demands of [Australian pipeline standard] AS2885.
include its Inverse Wave-field Extrapolation (IWEX) which produces a 3D seismic approach to girth-weld imagery. Herrenknechts Ren von Rautenkranz showed examples of the direct drill method of pipe installation, which is suitable for lengths up to 800 m and pipe diameters up to 56 inches. In addition to presentations on new technology, delegates could get hands-on with the latest products and services at the APIA Exhibition, held in conjunction with the Conference.
CSG development
The development of a burgeoning coal seam gas (CSG) industry has spurred the Australian Pipeline Industry Association (APIA) to establish a CSG Working Group to develop a CSG gathering system code of practice for polyethylene (PE) pipe. At the Convention, Working Group Chairman Hugh Luckhurst-Smith of Fyfe Pty Ltd, and Mark Heathcote of the Plastics Industry Pipe Association of Australia outlined that the Working Groups recommendations will include the retraining of skilled electrofusion personnel in large diameter pipelines; and, as there are no consistent pressure-testing methodologies currently available, the new code will recommend a minimum regime based on risk assessment for the use of this material. There are numerous CSG to LNG projects proposed for development in Australias northeast. These developments include significant pipeline components. AJ Lucas Ben Cooper highlighted the significant differences between the construction of these proposed larger diameter pipelines than those previously constructed in Australia. Other speakers attested to the fact that the industry will need to make considerable changes in its approach once these projects come to fruition. Other non-conventional gas opportunities were discussed, with Paul Beukelman of OSD Pipelines describing the various types
many presentations Delegates enjoyed the sions. Convention business ses
at the
Exposition
Over 150 companies were on show at the Exposition, which ran from Tuesday to Thursday. Delegates visited the many stands, which showcased products and services ranging from construction companies to pipeline pig providers, to machinery and pipeline security devices. The Exposition provided the perfect forum for delegates and service providers alike to make key contacts for further business.
New technology
Delegates heard a number of presentations on new technologies, including the replacement of an offshore valve, girt-weld inspection and direct drilling for pipe installation. TD Williamsons Rolf Lie described how his companys Smart Plug technology has been used to replace an emergency shutdown valve on Shells Malampaya Pipeline in the Philippines. The system allows a plug to be remotely installed and precisely controlled, at differential pressures up to 20,000 kPa. Jan van der Ent of Applus RTD provided a review of the present and future status of automated ultrasonic testing (AUT) of girth welds. The company is currently developing advanced AUT and future developments
The Exhibition showcased many local and international products and services.
The International Pipeline Conference is held every two years, and organised by the ASME PSD. Proceeds from the event are used to support education initiatives for the pipeline industry. The Conference will return in 2012. Keep 2428 September free to attend the event. Visit the event website for further updates: www.internationalpipelineconference.com Rio Pipeline 2011 The Rio Pipeline Conference is held in Rio de Janeiro every alternating year. The 2011 conference will be held from 2022 September 2011. For more information visit www.riopipeline.com.br
The 2011 APIA Convention and Exhibition will be held in Sydney, Australia, from 22 25 October 2011. For more information visit APIAs website www.apia.net.au
Australian Senator M athias Corm Executive ann, APIA Cheryl Cart Ch wright and Peter Cox. APIA Presid ief ent
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Event reviews
Rehabilitation conference hits the target

Over 140 attendees from 24 countries participated in the Evaluation, Rehabilitation, and Repair of Pipelines Conference held in Berlin in October. Presentations at the Conference ranged from the challenges posed by dent evaluation following an in-line inspection, to the benefits of using full-encirclement steel sleeves for pipeline repairs.
The conference organising team (left to right): Dr Michael Beller, NDT Systems and Services; BJ Lowe, Clarion Technical Conferences; Corinne Donval, Sidney Talor, and Irina Koroleva of Incal Pipeline Rehabilitation; and, John Tiratsoo, Tiratsoo Technical, a division of Great Southern Press.
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OR W E
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ther subjects discussed at the conference, organised by Great Southern Press Tiratsoo Technical division in partnership with Clarion Technical Conferences, included fitness-forservice assessments; a French operators strategy for asset management; effective rehabilitation of a cathodic protection system in Tanzania; and, a record replacement of 32 20 inch diameter pipe lengths, on the Druzhba Pipeline in the Czech Republic in only 88 hours. Preceded by training courses on pipeline rehabilitation from Incal Pipeline Rehabilitations Sidney Taylor and pipeline in-service welding and repair from DNV Columbus Bill Bruce, the two-day conference brought together delegates from 24 countries, including Libya, Sudan, Nigeria, Israel and Saudi Arabia, as well as a contingent from Russia for whom simultaneous translation was provided. The keynote address was given by Heinz Watzka, Technical Director of Open Grid Europe, the newly formed transmission arm of E.ON Ruhrgas. He commented upon the regulatory environment in Germany that has seen some recent changes requiring pipeline operators to establish fundamental changes in planning, forecasting and implementation of technical projects. Thomas Salvan of Trapil in France discussed how the large quantity of data from an inspection should be dealt with. He took the pragmatic approach that, after an initial analysis and prioritisation review, a simple lowering of pipeline pressure can allow a defect to be rendered acceptable while repair or rehabilitation options are discussed. Dr Jochen Stratmann of Open Grid Europe followed, with an interesting review of gas pipeline inspection using ultrasonic tools. Dr Stratmann told the conference that his company had conducted successful
ultrasonic inspections by completely filling a gas pipeline with clean water before the inspection to ensure the necessary coupling was made for the tools ultrasonic wave transmitters and receivers. However, this is costly, presents environmental difficulties, and is not always possible. As an alternative, a short section (or batch) of liquid may be run through the pipe in order to avoid completely filling it, with pigs separating the liquid from the surrounding gas in the pipeline, and the inspection tool being kept within the liquidfilled section. However, batches may assume considerable velocities in the event of large slopes along the pipeline route, which can influence the tools detection capability and, give rise to pipeline damage if the velocities become too high. A team of three speakers from GRTgaz in France introduced the theme of asset management to the conference, using the companys 32,000 km pipeline network as an example. GRTgaz has developed a method of undertaking an objective technical and economic analysis allowing prioritisation of maintenance work according to the corrosivity of the soil and the pipelines environment which is now being used to inform decisions about the rehabilitation or replacement of ageing pipelines. The final operator paper at the conference was given by Botas Internationals Okan Sandalloiglu, the emergency pipeline repair supervisor for the 1,076 km Baku Tblisi Ceyhan Oil Pipeline. Mr Sandalloiglu gave a fascinating insight into the everyday problems of pipeline operations across long distances and through communities with whom contact with the operator is often tenuous. An overview of permanent repair activities for mechanically-damaged pipes
www.pipelinesinternational.com
was given, and a range of pipe-repair application scenarios were discussed, which included the use of the Clock Spring, composite sleeves, and epoxy coating applications. He went on to illustrate the difficulties and huge costs of an illegal fitting removal which, in a recent case, required a three-month hot tap and stopple operation with a temporary by-pass and reinforcing full-encirclement sleeve at a point on the Turkish section. Markus Brors of Rosen Integrity solutions presented a case study on the implementation of a pipeline integrity management system at a major state-run pipeline operator. This was followed by a joint paper from Dr Gregory Brown and Dr Ted Anderson of Quest Integrity Group on the subject of evaluation of pipeline dents using in line inspection data, and Paul Clayton of PII Pipeline Solutions and Mark Kelso of BP on the challenges faced in order to clean and inspect the UK North Seas 36 inch diameter, 412 km long CATS gas pipeline. Unfortunately space does not permit an account of other papers on the conference programme. However, a selection of papers presented at the conference will be published in Pipelines Internationals sister publications The Journal of Pipeline Engineering and Pipelines International Digest.
Great value packages offering exposure on websites & e-news Huge discounts on offer for multiple bookings Fully audited readership and performance figures for advertisers
The next Evaluation, Rehabilitation and Repair of Pipelines conferences will be in Houston on 31 October to 3 November 2011, and in Berlin from 1922 March 2012. Calls for papers will be distributed in due course, but offers of papers are welcome at any time, and should be sent either to John Tiratsoo, email: jtiratsoo@gs-press.com, or BJ Lowe, email: bjlowe@clarion.org
Online advertising a great way to support your print advertising and target new readers.
Contact David Entringer dentringer@gs-press.com
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Event previews
Event previews
Get to the premier CO2 transportation event in June 2011

By 2030, 1.44 gigatonnes per annum of captured CO2 worldwide will need to be transported from around 360 sources to storage. Working out the best way to transport anthropogenic CO2 to meet this demand will be the main focus of the Second International Forum on the Transportation of CO2 to be held in Gateshead, United Kingdom, on 2223 June 2011.
Be the best in the business, meet the best in the business

Being the best requires constant development, which is why anyone involved in pipeline operations and integrity management should be in Bahrain in May 2011 for the inaugural Best Practices in Pipeline Operations and Integrity Management Conference and Exhibition.
uilding on the success of the First International Forum on the Transportation of CO2, held in July 2010, the 2011 Forum will examine the opportunities and challenges faced by regulators, engineers and operators of pipelines used for CO2 transportation. The International Forum on the Transportation of CO2 is the only dedicated
event organised each year to update the industry on the issues of transporting anthropogenic CO2. The Forum is being organised by Tiratsoo Technical, a division of Great Southern Press, Houston-based Clarion Technical Conferences, and the University of Newcastle, UK. The event is supported by the UK-based Carbon Capture and Storage Association.
Didnt make it to the 2010 Forum and want to know what it was all about before registering for the 2011 event? Pipelines Internationals sister publication, The Journal of Pipeline Engineering, will publish a selection of papers from the Forum and elsewhere on this subject in its December issue. Visit www.j-pipe-eng.com to read paper abstracts free-of-charge, or subscribe to the Journal to keep informed about technical advances across a range of pipeline engineering subjects.
Keep informed with the latest news on the Second International Forum on the Transportation of CO2 visit www.clarion.org
Solve the unpiggable pipeline puzzle in Houston this March

Pigging is widely recognised as an important step in ensuring the integrity of pipeline assets, so how do you manage your pipelines integrity if it is unpiggable? Find out at the Unpiggable Pipeline Solutions Forum the industrys opportunity to come together to find solutions to the challenge of inspecting unpiggable pipelines.
rom 1517 May 2011, Bahrains prestigious Gulf Convention Centre will host the Middle Easts premier pipeline Conference and Exhibition bringing together industry members already active in the region and those looking to break into this lucrative market. The event is held under the patronage of His Excellency Dr Abdul Hussain bin Ali Mirza, Minister for Oil and Gas Affairs and Chairman of the National Oil & Gas Authority, Kingdom of Bahrain. The Conference and Exhibition, proudly supported by Platinum Sponsor Saudi Aramco, will attract representatives from the industrys most successful companies
looking to update their skills and continue to build their business networks. The two and a half day conference will be inaugurated by the Minister, and accompanied by a major exhibition showcasing the latest in products and services from companies around the world. The simultaneous tracks for the technical programme of the event will include: Design, construction, and materials Inspection of piggable and unpiggable pipelines Risk and integrity assessment and planning Operations and maintenance Leak detection
Repair and rehabilitation Trenchless and other construction methods System and data management and control. A Technical Committee has been set up under the chairmanship of John Tiratsoo of Tiratsoo Technical to establish the programme and to ensure the highest quality of presentations, and offers of papers are now being solicited.
For more information visit www.pipelineconf.com
DATE/VENUE
EVENT
CONTACT
31 January 4 February 2011 Amsterdam, The Netherlands 1417 February 2011 Houston, Texas, USA 2226 February 2011 Kapalua, Maui, USA 16 March 2011 Fajardo, Puerto Rico 1317 March 2011 Houston, Texas, USA 3031 March 2011 Houston, Texas, USA 45 April 2011 Hannover, Germany 1417 May 2011 Gulf Convention Centre, Bahrain 2223 June 2011 Newcastle, UK 2022 September 2011 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Pipeline training courses including: pipeline defect assessment; subsea pipeline engineering; in-line inspection of pipelines PPIM Pipeline Pigging & Integrity Management Conference and Exhibition Pipe Line Contractors Association Conference (USA) DCA Annual Conference NACE Corrosion 2011 Unpiggable Pipelines Solution Forum Sixth Pipeline Technology Conference The first international conference and exhibition on Best Practices in Pipeline Operations and Integrity Management The Second International Forum on Transportation of CO2 by Pipeline Rio Pipeline
www.clarion.org www.tiratsootechnical.com www.clarion.org www.plca.org www.dca-online.org www.nace.org www.clarion.org www.pipeline-conference.com www.pipelineconf.com
npiggable pipelines are an increasing industry focus. For this reason, Clarion and Tiratsoo Technical, a division of Great Southern Press, are organising the Unpiggable Pipeline Solutions Forum, to be held at the Houston Marriott Westchase Hotel, Texas, USA, from 3031 March 2011. This two-day Forum will address capabilities and guidance concerning tools for corrosion and mechanical damage inspection of unpiggable oil, gas and hazardous liquids pipelines. The Forum will focus on existing technologies as well as
those currently in research and development. Advances and best practices in aboveground remote assessments, guided wave technologies, and internal corrosion direct assessment methods will form a significant part of the programme. Live-line access techniques, combined with low-flow restriction robotic and wireline-powered internal inspection tools, will also be a special focus, especially for pipeline segments that cannot be taken out of service when further integrity inspections are required.
The event programme is planned to comprise of three sessions and a total of 15 to 20 presentations, including a roundtable open forum discussion. The Forum will also include an exhibition, where delegates will be able to view the latest in unpiggable products and services.
The Unpiggable Pipeline Solutions Forum will run from 3031 March 2011. Register now visit www.clarion.org
www.ibp.org.br
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MARCH 2011 Region Review
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SEPTEMBER 2011
Eastern Europe
December 2011
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Padding Machines
Trenchers
Pipelayers & Sidebooms
Urban
Offshore
Tropical/jungle
Arctic
11 February 2011
22 April 2011
22 July 2011
21 October 2011
64
SAFETY
Not only is the Vacuworx Lifting System the safest way to move pipe, plate, or concrete in the world, it is also the most efficient way. 10 times faster than traditional lifting methods and with a minimum of 2 less employees. Keep your employees safe, your profits high, and remember... don't settle for an imitator, demand the originator, Vacuworx...the safest, fastest, and smartest way to handle material in the field.
10105 E. 55th Place Tulsa, OK 74146 866.664.3450 www.vacuworx.com
IS NOT NEGOTIABLE.

PIN Dec10 Web

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ISSUE 006

Pipelayers Swamp construction Oando supplies southeast Nigeria

issue 006 | December 2010

AROUND THE WORLD

meet the association

REGION REVIEW: europe

SAFETY products and services

PIPE COATING DIVISION Incident and Injury Free www.wascoenergy.com

Pipelines International | December 2010

from the editor

Cover shows construction works on the OPAL Pipeline in Germany.

Pipelayers Swamp construction Oando supplies southeast Nigeria

John Tiratsoo Editor-in-Chief

Pipelines International | December 2010

Around the world

Enbridge set to expand North Americas crude oil pipeline network

PROPOSED NEW TERMINAL

Rio de Janeiro Brazil

Bakken Expansion Programme

Christina River Gordon Lake

Call for Papers: December 17, 2010

The Norealis Pipeline route.

Pipelines International | December 2010

Around the world

Leighton awarded pipelay contract offshore Iraq

Are you up to speed?

Training courses 2011

MAR 2011 APR 2011

Subscribe or get a free 14 day trial now at www.pipelinesinternational.com/premium

Pipelines International | December 2010

Around the world

Around the world

Benefiting the community

Building an export industry

Map of the proposed Bicentennial Pipeline.

Pipelines International | December 2010

Pipelines International | December 2010

Around the world

Around the world

OPAL Germanys pipeline gem

GSPL to construct Indias two longest pipelines

GSPLs pipeline network in India.

The global organization for oil and gas pipeline engineers

Pipelines International | December 2010

Pipelines International | December 2010

Arad Szeged gas pipeline inaugurated

Leighton Offshore wins pipeline contract

Georgia and Iraq to feed Nabucco Pipeline

Construction kicks off on Chinese section of Myanmar China Pipeline

Agreements signed for TAPI Pipeline

GAIL commences construction of new gas pipeline

Pipelines International | December 2010

UNLOCK THE UNPIGGABLE!

Nord Stream Pipeline Gazelle Pipeline

Four Bears Pipeline

Houston Marriott Westchase Hotel

B.J. Lowe, Clarion Technical Conferences

John Tiratsoo, Tiratsoo Technical

Pipelines International | December 2010

Call +1 713 521 5929 or visit www.clarion.org

pipes and people

Pipes & people

Works underway on the Medgaz Pipeline.

TDW joins forces with Offshore Independents BV