1.

OTHER COMMON

STRUCTURES

It + takes / took + (O ) + Ktg + to : (ai) mat ktg V0 .. e S + spend / spent + Ktg + (in) + : trai qua ktg Ving lam g Ex: It takes me 2 hours to do homework every day. I spend 2 hours doing homework every day. 2. (HT) : muon, thch S + would rather + V0 .. + than + (HT) : thch .. V0 hn S + would rather + S + V2 / were + (HT) : muon, . thch Ex: 1. She would rather go to the cinema. 2. I would rather watch TV than go out. 3. I would rather he didnt smoke here. S + prefer + Ving / sth + to + Ving / sth S + prefer + to-inf + than + to-inf . Ex: They prefer swimming to playing football. I prefer to cook than (to) clean the floor. The last time + S + V2 was + in + 1993 when S+ V2 two years ago S + havent / hasnt + V3 .. since 1990 since S + V2 for two years It is + KTG + since + S (last) + V2 : thch hn : thch hn S + would rather + (not) + V0

3.

4.

Lan cuoi la

a khong .

Ex:

a bao lau ke t .. 1. The last time we met him was in 1990. We havent met him since 1990. 2. The last time I talked to him was when I was at school. I havent talked to him since I was at school. 3. The last time we played football was ten years ago. We havent played football for ten years. Its ten years since we (last) played football.

5.

6.

This is the first time + S + have/has + V3 S + have never( not) + V3 + ..... before. Ex: This is the first time I have met him.=

Lan au tien...lam Cha bao gi lam trc ay I have never met him before.

S + began / started + to V0/ Ving when + S + V2 ...........ago

7.

bat au lam khi ... cach ay S + has /have + V3 since + S + a lam....ke V2 t khi.. Has/ have + been + Ving for khoang thi .... trong gian ktg Ex: He started to learn English when he was 5 years old He has learned English since he was 5 years old Ex: He began working here 6 years ago= he has been working here for 6 years Its (high / about) time + for + O + to : a en luc V0 Its (high / about) time + S + V2 Ex: Its time she went to bed. Its time for her to go to bed. Ex: I shouldn't have stayed up last night. ( I stayed up last night and now I regret) The woman might have gone home.

8. a) It Ving + be + adj + (for O ) + to-inf

b)

+ be + adj . To-inf Ex: It is important (for us) to study English. To study English is important. Studying English is important. nice polite kind t te lch s t te chu ao tho lo

Its + :

+ of + sb + to-inf

c)

considerate rude Ex: It is kind of you to help me with the homework. nice polite kind considerate rude...

Sngi + be + sb / sth

to

t te lch s t te chu ao tho lo

EX: He is kind to everyone. You are a little rude to customers 9. Extra object it: find : tm thay consider to-inf : xem nh : nhan S+ make + it + adj / noun + nh that + clause : ngh rang think Wh : tin rang believe : chng to prove Ex: He finds it difficult to do maths. My sister made it her duty to do housework.

10. USED TO/ BE USED TO USED TO: ( TNG )

S + Used to +V0 S + didn't use to +V0 Did +S + use to +V0 ?

BE / GET USED TO ( QUEN VI) S + (be) Used to + V-ing 11. Li ni ph ha khng nh v ph nh ( cng vy, cng th) 1. Khng nh S + auxiliary + too Affirmative statement + and + So + auxiliary + S Ex: They will work in the lab tomorrow, and you will too. Ex: They will work in the lab tomorrow, and so will you. 2. Ph nh S + negative auxiliary + either Negative statement + and + Neither + positive auxiliary + S Ex: I didn't see Mary this morning, and John didn't either Ex: I didn't see Mary this morning, and neither did John.

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