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PMBOK 2000 based, Version 7
In Preparation For
PMP® Certification Exam
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Project Scope Management
What to Study?
ü Chapter 5 of the PMBOK on the Project Scope Management processes: Initiation,
Scope Planning, Scope Definition, Scope Verification, and Scope Change Control.
(Be familiar with Inputs, Tools and Techniques, and Outputs for each phase)
ü Know the difference between project and product scope.
ü Know the difference between a scope statement and a statement of work (SOW).
ü Know key definitions (see list in study notes or PMBOK glossary).
ü Know what a Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) is and what it is used for.
ü Know what a work package is and how it relates to the WBS.
ü Know how to label the levels of a WBS chart.
ü Know what a project plan is and how it is used.
“PMBOK" is a trademark of the Project Management Institute, Inc. which is registered in the United States and other nations.
“PMI” is a service and trademark of the Project Management Institute, Inc. which is registered in the United States and other nations.
“PMP” and the PMP logo are certification marks of the Project Management Institute which are registered in the United States and other
nations.
Key Definitions
Accountability Matrix A structure which relates the project organizational structure to the
work breakdown structure to help ensure that each element of the
project’s scope is assigned to a responsible individual. Also
referred to as a Responsibility Assignment Matrix (RAM).
Baseline The original plan plus or minus approved changes.
Change Control A formally constituted group of stakeholders responsible for
Board (CCB) approving or rejecting changes to the project baselines.
Chart of Accounts Any numbering system used to monitor project costs by category
(e.g., labor supplies, materials). The project chart of accounts is
usually based on the primary performing organization’s corporate
chart of accounts.
Code of Accounts Any numbering system used to uniquely identify each element of
the work breakdown structure.
Deliverable Any measurable, tangible, verifiable outcome, result, or item that
must be produced to complete a project or subproject.
Delphi Technique A form of participative expert judgment, it is a anonymous,
interactive forecasting technique used to derive consensus about
future events on a project. The purpose of the Delphi technique is
to elicit information and judgments from participants to facilitate
problem-solving, planning, and decision-making.
Fast Tracking Compressing the project schedule by overlapping activities that
would normally be done in sequence. Also used to imply
overlapping of normally sequential phases in a project life cycle.
Linear Responsibility The same as an accountability matrix or responsibility assignment
Chart matrix.
Product Scope The features and functions that characterize a product or service.
Project Scope The work that must be done in order to deliver a product with the
specified features and functions.
Project A temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product or
service.
Project Charter A formal document issued by senior management which explains
the purpose of the project including the business need the project
addresses and the resulting product. It provides the project
manager with the authority to apply organizational resources to
project activities.
Project Management The members of the project team who are directly involved in
Team project management activities. On some smaller projects, the
project management team may include virtually all of the project
team members.
Project Plan A formal, approved document used to guide both project execution
and project control. The primary uses of the project plan are to
document planning assumptions and decisions, to facilitate
communication among stakeholders, and to document approved
scope, cost, and schedule baselines.
Project Notebook A device which houses the project plan. It can be as simple as a
3-ring binder or more complex such as a Lotus Notes database.
The notebook is updated throughout the life of the project.
Project Scope The work that must be done to deliver a product with the specified
features and functions.
Project Team The people who report either directly or indirectly to the project
Members manager.
Responsibility A structure which relates the project organization structure to the
Assignment Matrix WBS to help ensure that each element of the project’s scope of
(RAM) work is assigned to a responsible individual. Also called an
Accountability Matrix, Responsibility Chart, or Responsibility
Matrix.
Scope Change Any change to the project scope.
Scope Change Controlling changes to project scope.
Control
Scope Definition Decomposing the major deliverables into smaller, more
manageable components to provide better control.
Scope Planning Developing a written scope statement that includes the project
justification, the major deliverables, and the project objectives.
Scope Management A plan which describes how project scope will be managed and
Plan how scope change will be integrated into the project. Includes an
assessment of how likely and frequently the project scope may
change and a description of how scope changes will be identified
and classified.
Scope Statement A documented description of the project as to its output,
approach, and content. (What is being produced?, How is it being
produced?, and What is included?)
Scope Verification Process of verifying that that all identified project deliverables
have been completed correctly and satisfactorily and obtaining
formal acceptance of the project scope from the stakeholders.
Statement of Work A narrative description of products or services to be supplied
(SOW) under contract.
Stakeholder Individuals and organizations who are involved in or may be
affected by project activities.
Work Authorization Process of sanctioning all project work.
Work In cases where work is to be performed in segments due to
Authorization/Release technical or funding limitations, work authorization/release
authorizes specified work to be performed during a specified
period.
Work Breakdown A deliverable-oriented grouping of project elements which
Structure (WBS) organizes and defines the total scope of the project.
Work Package A deliverable at the lowest level of the work breakdown structure.
A work package may be divided into activities.
Ÿ Methods for controlling scope change include: scope change control, performance
measurement, and additional planning.
Ÿ Scope change control:
· Defines procedures by which the project scope may be changed.
· Includes the paperwork, tracking systems, and approval levels necessary for
authorizing changes.
· Should be integrated with the Integrated Change Control Process and any
system(s) in place to control product scope.
· Must comply with all relevant contractual obligations.
Ÿ Performance measurement: assists in assessing the magnitude of any variations
that do occur.
Ÿ Additional planning: additional planned modifications such as to the WBS or
analysis of alternative approaches.
Ÿ Outputs include: scope changes, corrective action, lessons learned, and adjusted
baseline.
Work Package:
Ÿ The lowest level of a WBS.
Ÿ Work packages are further broken down into activities during the Activity Definition
Process. (part of Project Time Management)
Sample Questions
1. Which of the following could be an appropriate WBS code for a work package at the
fourth level in a WBS where the top level code is 1?
A. 1.4
B. 1.1.1.1
C. 1.2.3.4
D. b and c
2. Which of the following Project Scope Management processes involves subdividing the
major project deliverables into smaller, more manageable components?
A. Scope Planning
B. Scope Decomposition
C. Scope Change Control
D. Scope Definition
3. A clear definition of the customer’s needs serves as the direct basis for which of the
following? (choose best answer)
A. WBS
B. Functional requirement
C. Project cost estimate
D. Project charter
7. The unique identifiers assigned to each item of a WBS are often known collectively
as:
A. The work package codes
B. The project identifiers
C. The code of accounts
D. The element accounts
10. Which of the following are outputs of the Scope Verification Process?
A. Inspection
B. Work results
C. Formal acceptance
D. Scope changes
11. Which of the following are outputs of the Scope Change Control Process?
A. Scope changes and scope management plan
B. Corrective action and formal acceptance
C. Schedule updates and corrective action
D. Scope changes, corrective action, lessons learned, and adjusted baseline.
14. Which of the following tools and techniques are commonly used in the Scope Definition
Process?
A. Inspection
B. Decomposition
C. WBS templates
D. b and c
19. A document which describes how project scope will be managed and how scope changes
will be integrated into the project is: (choose the best answer)
A. A project plan
B. A risk analysis
C. A scope management plan
D. A scope statement
20. Which of the following statements concerning a scope statement are true?
A. It provides a documented basis for making future project decisions and for developing
common understanding of the project scope among stakeholders.
B. Scope statement and Statement of work are synonymous.
C. Project justification and project objectives are not included or referenced in the scope
statement.
D. Once written, the scope statement should never be revised.
24. A technique used to validate that the project can meet the required performance and
business objectives is:
A. Cost/Benefit Analysis
B. Statistical Regression Analysis
C. Pareto Analysis
D. Decomposition
25. A high-technology project has been initiated. This project will require the coordination of
several different high technology functional areas. What kind of organizational
structure would be appropriate for this project ?
A. Functional
B. Matrix
C. Strong Matrix
D. Balanced Matrix
26. Which of the following statements is not true about the WBS?
A. The WBS indicates when certain activities are to be done.
B. The WBS is a hierarchical breakdown of the project deliverables.
C. The WBS represents the entire scope of the project.
D. The WBS shows both products and services.
29. The baseline may be modified for what reasons? (choose the best answer)
A. The project manager decides to expand the scope of the project.
B. A change in a government regulation has occurred which impacts the project.
C. A change request for enhanced function has been received and approved through the
Scope Change Control Process.
D. b and c.
Answer Sheet
1. a b c d 16. a b c d
2. a b c d 17. a b c d
3. a b c d 18. a b c d
4. a b c d 19. a b c d
5. a b c d 20. a b c d
6. a b c d 21. a b c d
7. a b c d 22. a b c d
8. a b c d 23. a b c d
9. a b c d 24. a b c d
10. a b c d 25. a b c d
11. a b c d 26. a b c d
12. a b c d 27. a b c d
13. a b c d 28. a b c d
14. a b c d 29. a b c d
15. a b c d 30. a b c d
Answers
1 D Old PMI Sample Exam
2 D PMBOK Guide, pg. 57
3 B 1991 PMI Sample Exam #15
4 D 1991 PMI Sample Exam #16
5 A PMBOK Guide, pg. 51. The distinction between project scope and product scope
is very fine. “B” is product scope. “C” is statement of work.
6 B Definition “A” is an OBS. See PMBOK, pgs. 59-60
7 C PMBOK Guide, Glossary
8 D PMBOK Guide, pg. 63
9 D PMBOK Guide, pg. 61
10 C Answer “D”, scope changes, is an output of the Scope Change Control Process.
PMBOK Guide, pg. 61
11 D PMBOK Guide, pg. 62
12 B
13 B 1991 PMI Sample Exam #17
14 D PMBOK Guide, pg. 57
15 C PMP Challenge!, question 18
16 C
17 D A linear responsibility chart is defined in the Lewis book. See PMBOK Guide,
Glossary.
18 A PMBOK Guide, pg. 51
19 C PMBOK Guide, pg. 56
20 A PMBOK Guide, pg. 56
21 B PMBOK Guide, pg. 67
22 D PMBOK Guide, pg. 53
23 A PMBOK Guide, pg. 62
24 A PMBOK Guide, pgs. 55-56
25 C Multiple, specialized functions will require strong guidance and control from the
Project Manager
26 A PMBOK Guide, pgs. 57-61
27 C PMBOK Guide, pg. 60
28 C PMBOK Guide, pg. 61
29 D PMBOK Guide, pgs. 63-64
30 D PMBOK Guide, pgs. 58-59
Total _________