Sec 4E Chem(SPA) MY Marking scheme 2012

MCQ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 C D C C D B B A D D 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 C A A A B D C C B D 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 C A B A D D C A A D 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 D C A D D A D D B C

Paper 2 A1a b c d ei eii ammonia [1] oxygen [1] nitrogen/oxygen/chlorine [1] sulfur dioxide [1] Chlorine [1] It has the highest relative molecular mass out of all hence it will diffuse the slowest out of the gas jar.[1] Test for the presence of each gas at regular fixed intervals.[1] Eventually, only chlorine gas would be left behind while the rest of the gases would not be present. [1]

A2

PbS(s) + 2O3(g) [1] balanced eq [1] state symbols

PbSO4(s) + O2(g)

Ozone oxidised sulfur in PbS of oxidation state -2 to form sulfur in PbSO 4 of 1

oxidation state +6. [1]

A3

Pass chlorine gas into all the three solutions.[1] If a brown solution is formed, that means the unknown is aqueous potassium iodide.[1] If a reddish brown solution is formed, that means the unknown is aqueous potassium bromide.[1] The solution with no visible change is aqueous potassium chloride.[1] A no displacement [1] B- displacement [1] Silver, X, Magnesium [1]

A4

A5a b c d

To remove the layer of magnesium oxide on the magnesium piece. [1] The gas plunger stopped moving.[1] An increasing curve.[1] The magnesium metal might have collided with the side of the conical flask, reducing the probability of effective collision between the metal and the acid. [1] This results in a longer time taken for experiment 2. It would be faster. [1] There are twice as much hydrogen ions[1] to collide with the reactants per unit time resulting in the formation of products within a shorter time. [1] A blue precipitate is formed[1], insoluble in excess aqueous sodium hydroxide.[1] Blue solution turns colourless.[1] Reddish brown deposit formed on the metal [1]

ei eii A6

a bi

Zn(s) + CuSO4(aq)

ZnSO4(aq) + Cu(s)

[1]

No of moles of zinc used = 16.25/65 = 0.25 mol [1] No of moles of copper(II) sulfate used = 0.25 mol Volume of copper(II) sulfate used = 0.25 x 1000 = 250 cm3 [1]

bii

Metal deposit formed is copper metal. Mass of copper formed = 0.25 x 64 = 16g [1]

A7a b

Magnesium is a more reactive metal than iron [1] which will corrode in place of iron[1] thereby protecting the iron pipes. Metals are finite resources [1] which would be used up eventually. Metals are widely used in our daily lives [1] 2

Lead is less reactive than aluminium [1] hence lead compounds can be easily reduced to lead using carbon. [1] Aluminium compounds are very stable and need electrolysis to extract aluminium from the compounds.[1] Propellents for aerosols/ coolants in refrigerators [1] It destroys the ozone layer [1] As a result, humans would be overexposed to UV radiation from the sun that can cause skin cancer.[1] [1] diagram [1] key

A8a b c

d A9

It does not dissolve in water/It cannot conduct electricity in any states [2]

C % ratio Mole ratio 85.7% 85.7/12 = 7.14 Lowest ratio [2] correct workings Empirical formula is CH2 [1] 1

H 14.3% 14.3/1 = 14.3 2

B10a b c d

Rf = distance travelled by substance/ distance travelled by solvent [1] The dyes formed are colourless. [1] The unknowns must be soluble in 2 different solvents [1] A is Glutamic acid [1] C is Arginine [1]

e f g

For B, Rx is 0.8, Ry is 0.5 [1]

It can distinguish unknowns that show similar results in a particular solvent. [1] It cannot determine the quantity of its components. [1]

B11a b ci

Pass the moist ammonia gas through drying agent like fused calcium chloride/quicklime. [1] Hydrogen gas extinguishes a lighted splint[1] with a pop sound.[1] 2 Na + 2 NH3 2 NaNH2 + H2 [1] correct formula [1] correct balancing Ammonia is oxidised [1] as the oxidation state of nitrogen in ammonia increases from -3 to +1 in sodamide. [1] No of moles of sodamide = 0.78/ (23+14+2) = 0.02 mol [1] Volume of 0.02 mole of ammonia = 0.02 x 24 = 0.48dm 3 [1]

cii di

ii e

Mass of 0.01 mol of hydrogen gas = 0.01 x 2 = 0.02g [1] Storage sodium metal in oil [1] to prevent it from coming in contact with air and water.[1]

either When copper(II) sulfate is added, zinc displaces copper from copper (II) sulfate [1] B12a The copper deposited on the zinc surface acts as a catalyst [1] When more copper(II) sulfate was added, all zinc will be reacted completely, and none left for reaction with the sulfuric acid to give off hydrogen gas. [1]

bi

Add enough water to the mixture until no more magnesium chloride can dissolve.[1] Filter the undissolved solid copper(II) carbonate.[1] Evaporate the filtrate until it becomes saturated. [1] Allow the solution to cool to obtain magnesium chloride crystals. [1]

ii c OR

Yes as ammonium chloride sublimes upon heating [1] Process of separation would be by sublimation instead. [1] Ammonium hydroxide solution and dilute hydrochloric acid [1]

B13ai Coke, iron(III) oxide, limestone [1] ii

The first stage is the production of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide, the 4

reducing agent. Coke is heated and forms carbon dioxide. This combines with more carbon to form carbon monoxide. [1] C + O2 CO2 [0.5] CaCO3 CaO + CO2 [1] CO2 + C 2CO [0.5] The second stage is the reduction of haematite by carbon monoxide to molten iron. Fe2O3 + 3CO 2Fe + 3CO2 [1]

H = 4(431) + 4(242) 4(338) 4(412) = 1724 + 968 1352 1648 [1] =- 308 kJ [1]

c d

Exothermic reaction [1] The energy required for bond breaking of 4 moles of C-H and 4 moles of Cl-Cl bonds [1] is less than that required for bond making of 4 moles of C-Cl and H-Cl bonds. [1]