Assignment -1 Synchronous machine EE 501

1. Explain why cylindrical rotor alternator have small diameter and large core length while salient pole alternators have large diameter and small core length? 2. Describe the excitation system for synchronous machine. 3. Draw the phasor diagram of an alternator at lagging leading and unity power factor load. 4. Classification of alternator. Advantage of rotating field type alternator. 5. Expression for induced EMF in a synchronous machine. 6. The synchronous impedance method of determining voltage regulation of a synchronous generator is pessimistic. 7. Describe the armature reaction of an alternator for and leading load zero pf lagging, zero power factor leading and unity pf load. 8. A 150 kVA , 4000 V, 50 Hz ,3 phase star-connected alternator has effective armature resistance of 0.3 ohm. The field current of 40 A produces short circuit current of 200 A and an open circuit emf of 1080(line value). Calculate the full load regulation at 0.8 pf lagging and 0.8 pf leading. 9. Define regulation of an alternator. Name the different methods of determination of regulation of an alternator. Which of these methods is known Optimistic and which method is pessimistic and why? Briefly describe the method. 10. What is potier tringle? 11. 12. A 5 Mva ,11 kV ,2 phase star connected alternator is synchronized to the bus-bars and is operating with with an induced emf of 125% of the rated voltage. If the load current is 500 A, what is the pf of operation? The machine has a synchronous reactance of 5 ohm and negligible resistance per phase. 13. In a salient pole synchronous machine the value of xd is greater than that xq justify this. 14. Develop the phasor diagram of a 3 phase, salient pole synchronous generator. Neglecting armature resistance, find the expression of power developed. Sketch power angle characteristic. Define the expression for tan where is the load angle. Define physical significance of sailancy or reluctance power. 15. Why 3 phase alternator are star-connected. 16. Explain the difference between cylindrical-rotor theory and two reaction theory. 17. Define voltage regulation of an alternator. Is it possible to have the full-load terminal voltage greater than the no-load terminal voltage? Explain. 18. A three phase star connected alternator is rated 1600 KVA, 13500 V. The armature effective resistance and synchronous reactance are 1.5 ohm and 30 ohm respectively per phase. Calculate the percentage regulation for a load of 1280 kW at p.f of 0.8 leading , unity and 0.8 lagging. 19. A 20 MVA ,3 phase star connected alternator , with an impedance of 5 ohm and a resistance of 0.5 ohm ,is operating in parallel with constant voltage 11 kV busbar. If its field current is adjusted to give an excitation voltage of 12 kV , then calculate a) maximum power output from the alternator and b) armature current and pf under maximum power condition.

20. What is distribution factor? What are the advantages of distributing winding in slots? 21. What is hunting in an alternator? Explain how can be the minimized?