2

Laplace Transforms of Derivatives:
Theorem: If ( ) t f be continuous and ( ) { } ( ) s f t f L = ,

then ( ) { } ( ) ( ) 0 f s f s t f L = , provided ( ) [ ] 0 t f e Lim
st
t
=

.
Proof: ( ) { } ( )dt t f e t f L
st
0
=

( ) ( ) ( )dt t f . e s t f e
st
0
0
st
. (Integrating by parts)
( ) ( ) ( )dt t f e s 0 f t f e Lt
st
0
st
t

+ =
( ) ( ) { } ( ) ( ) 0 f s f s t f sL 0 f 0 = + = . This completes the proof.
Note: If f(t) to be such that ( ) 0 t f e Lt
st
t
=

, then f(t) is said to be of exponential order s.
Remarks: The above theorem can be generalized.
2 22 2
nd nd nd nd
Topic Topic Topic Topic
Laplace Transforms Laplace Transforms Laplace Transforms Laplace Transforms
Laplace Transforms of
Derivatives
Integrals
Multiplication by t
n

Division by t
Evaluation of Integrals by LT

Prepared by:
Dr. Sunil
NIT Hamirpur (HP)
(Last updated on 20-10-2007)
Laplace Transforms: Laplace Transforms of Derivatives, Integrals, Multiplication by t
n
& Division by t
Prepared by: Dr. Sunil, NIT Hamirpur (HP)
2
Theorem: If ( ) t f and its first ( ) 1 n derivatives be continuous, then
( ) { } ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 0 f ... .......... 0 f s 0 f s s f s t f L
1 n 2 n 1 n n n
= .
Proof: Using the general rule of integration by parts, we get
( ) { } ( )dt t f e t f L
n st
0
n
=
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ..... .......... t f e s t f e s t f e
3 n st 2 2 n st 1 n st
+ =
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )dt t f e s 1 t f . e s 1
st
0
n n
0
st 1 n 1 n
+ +
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )dt t f e s 0 f s .......... 0 f s 0 sf 0 f
st
0
n 1 n 3 n 2 2 n 1 n
+ =
Assuming that ( ) 0 t f e Lim
m st
t
=

for m = 0, 1, 2, 3, .........., 1 n .
( ) { } ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 0 f ... .......... 0 f s 0 f s s f s t f L
1 n 2 n 1 n n n
= .
This proves the required result.

Remarks: In particular, when n = 0, 1, 2, 3, ......, we have
( ) { } ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 0 f 0 f s 0 sf s f s t f L
2 n 2
=

( ) { } ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 0 f 0 sf 0 f s s f s t f L
2 3
=
( ) { } ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 0 f 0 sf 0 f s 0 f s s f s t f L
2 3 4 iv
= and so on.
These results will be used in the solution of differential equations.

Laplace Transforms of Integrals:
Theorem: If ( ) { } ( ) s f t f L = , then ( ) ( ) s f
s
1
du u f L
t
0
=
.
Proof: Let ( )du u f ) t (
t
0
= , then ( ) ( ) t f t = and ( ) 0 0 = .
n
& Division by t
3
( ) { } ( ) ( ) 0 s s t L = ( ) { } ( ) s s t f L = ( ) ( ) { } t sL s f = ( ) { } ( ) s f
s
1
t L = .
( ) ( ) s f
s
1
du u f L
t
0
=
|
|
\
|

. This completes the proof.
Multiplication by
n
t :
Theorem: If ( ) { } ( ) s f t f L = , then ( ) { } ( ) ( ) [ ] s f
ds
d
1 t f t L
n
n
n n
= , where n = 1, 2, 3,............
Proof: We prove this theorem by induction.
Since given ( ) { } ( ) s f t f L = ( ) ( ) s f dt t f e
st
0
=

.
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. s (using Leibnitzs rule for differentiation under the
integral sign), we get
( ) ( ) { } s f
ds
d
dt t f e
ds
d
st
0
=
( ) ( ) ( ) { } s f
ds
d
dt t f e
ds
d
st
0
=

( ) { } ( ) { } s f
ds
d
dt t f . te
st
0
=

( ) [ ] ( ) [ ] s f
ds
d
dt t tf e
st
0
=

( ) { } ( ) [ ] s f
ds
d
t tf L = ,
which proves the theorem for n = 1.
Now assume the theorem to be true for n = m (say), so that
( ) { } ( ) ( ) [ ] s f
ds
d
1 t f t L
m
m
m m
= ( ) [ ] ( ) ( ) [ ] s f
ds
d
1 dt t f t e
m
m
m m st
0
=

.
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. s, we get
( ) ( ) ( ) [ ] s f
ds
d
1 dt t f t e
ds
d
1 m
1 m
m m st
0
+
+
=
(
(
( ) ( ) ( ) [ ] s f
ds
d
1 dt t f t e
ds
d
1 m
1 m
m m st
0
+
+
=
(
(

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ] s f
ds
d
1 dt t f t . te
1 m
1 m
m m st
0
+
+
=

( ) [ ] ( ) ( ) [ ] s f
ds
d
1 dt t f t e
1 m
1 m
1 m 1 m st
0
+
+
+ +
=

.
n
& Division by t
4
( ) { } ( ) ( ) [ ] s f
ds
d
1 t f t L
1 m
1 m
1 m 1 m
+
+
+ +
=
This shows that, the theorem is true for n = m + 1.
Hence, by mathematical induction, the theorem is true for all positive integral values of n.

Division by t:
Theorem: If ( ) { } ( ) s f t f L = , then ( ) ( )ds s f t f
t
1
L
s
=
)
`
, provided the integral exists.

Proof: We have ( ) ( )dt t f e s f
st
0
= .
Integrating both sides w. r. t. s from s to , we get.
( ) ( ) ds dt t f e ds s f
st
0 s s
(
(
=

Since s and t are independent, so changing the order of integration on the right hand side,
we have
( )ds s f
s
( ) dt ds e t f
st
s 0
|
|
\
|
=

( ) dt ds e t f
st
s 0
|
|
\
|
=

( ) dt
t
e
t f
s
st
0
( )
( )
)
`
= =

t f
t
1
L dt
t
t f
. e
st
0
.
Thus ( ) ( )ds s f t f
t
1
L
s
=
)
`
.
Now let us understand the present concepts by the evaluation of Laplace
transforms of the various types of functions:

Problems on the topic Multiplication by
n
t :
Remember: If ( ) { } ( ) s f t f L = , then ( ) { } ( ) ( ) [ ] s f
ds
d
1 t f t L
n
n
n n
= , where n = 1, 2, 3,............

n
& Division by t
5
Q.No.1.: Find the Laplace transforms of
(i) at cos t , (ii) at sin t
2
, (iii)
t 3 3
e t

, (iv) t 3 sin te
t
.
Sol.: (i) Since ( )
( )
2 2
a s
s
at cos L
+
= .
( )
( )
2
2 2
2 2
2 2
a s
s 2 . s a s
a s
s
ds
d
at cos t L
+
+
= |
\
|
+
=
( )
2
2 2
2 2
a s
a s
+
= . Ans.
(ii) Since ( )
2 2
a s
a
at sin L
+
= .
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
3
2 2
2 2
2
2 2
2 2 2
2
2 2
a s
a s 3 a 2
a s
as 2
ds
d
a s
a
ds
d
1 at sin t L
+
= |
\
|
+
= . Ans.
(ii) Since ( )
( ) 3 s
1
e L
t 3
+
=
.
( ) ( ) |
\
|
+
=

3 s
1
ds
d
1 e t L
3
3
3 t 3 3
( )
( ) ( )
4 1 3
3
3 s
6
3 s
! 3 . 1
+
=
+
=
+
. Ans.
(iv) Since ( ) ,
3 s
3
t 3 sin L
2 2
+
= therefore ( )
( )
2
2
2 2
9 s
s 6
3 s
3
ds
d
t 3 sin t L
+
= |
\
|
+
= .
By using the shifting property, we get
( )
( )
( ) [ ]
( )
( )
2
2
2
2
t
10 s 2 s
1 s 6
9 1 s
1 s 6
t 3 sin t e L
+ +
+
=
+ +
+
=
. Ans.
Q.No.2.: Find the Laplace transforms of the function t sin t
2
.
Sol.: Since ( ) t 2 cos 1
2
t
t sin t
2
= .
( ) |
\
|
|
\
|
= t 2 cos
2
t
L
2
t
L t sin t L
2
( ) ( ) t 2 cos t L
2
1
t L
2
1
= (by linear property)

(
|
|
\
|
+
=
4 s
s
ds
d
2
1
s
1
.
2
1
2 2
( )
(
(
+
+
+ =
2
2
2
2
4 s
s 2 . s 4 s
2
1
s 2
1

( )
2
2 2
2 4 2 4
4 s s
s 4 s s 8 16 s
2
1
+
+ + +
=
( )
(
(
+
+
=
2
2 2
2
4 s s
s 12 16
2
1

n
& Division by t
6

( )
( )
2
2 2
2
4 s s
4 s 3 2
+
+
= . Ans.
Q.No.3.: Find the Laplace transforms of the function t 2 cos . t 3 sin t .
Sol.: Since ( ) t sin t 5 sin
2
1
t 2 cos . t 3 sin + = .
( ) ( ) ( ) [ ] t sin t L t 5 sin t L
2
1
t 2 cos . t 3 sin t L + =
(
\
|
+
|
\
|
+
=
1 s
1
ds
d
25 s
5
ds
d
2
1
2 2

( )
( )
( )
( )
(
(
+

=
2
2
2
2
1 s
s 2
25 s
s 2 . 5
2
1
( ) ( )
(
(
+
+
+
=
2
2
2
2
1 s
s 2
25 s
s 10
2
1

( ) ( )
2
2
2
2
1 s
s
25 s
s 5
+
+
+
= . Ans.
Q.No.4.: Find the Laplace transforms of the function at cos t
2
.
Sol.: Since we know that ( )
2 2
a s
s
at cos L
+
= .
( ) |
\
|
+
=
2 2 2
2
2
a s
s
ds
d
at cos t L
( )
(
(
+
+
=
2
2 2
2 2
a s
s . s 2 a s
ds
d
( )
( )
(
(
+
=
2
2 2
2
2 2
a s
s 2
a s
1
ds
d

( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
(
(
+
+ +
=
4
2 2
2 2 2
2
2 2
2
2 2
a s
s 2 . a s 2 . s 2 s 4 a s
a s
s 2

( ) ( ) [ ]
( )
3
2 2
2 2 2 2 2
a s
s 2 a s s 4 a s s 2
+
+ +
=
( )
3
2 2
3 2 3 2 3
a s
s 8 sa 4 s 4 a . s 2 s 2
+
+
=

( )
3
2 2
2 3
a s
sa 6 s 2
+
= . Ans.
Q.No.5.: Find the Laplace transforms of the function at sinh t .
2 2
a s
a
at sinh L
= .
( ) |
\
|
=
2 2
a s
a
ds
d
at sinh t L
( ) ( )
2
2 2
2
2 2
a s
as 2
a s
s 2
a
=
(
(
= . Ans.
n
& Division by t
7
Q.No.6.: Find the Laplace transforms of the function t 2 sin te
t 2
.
Sol.: Since ( )
4 s
2
t 2 sin L
2
+
= .
( ) |
\
|
+
=
4 s
2
ds
d
t 2 sin t L
2
( ) ( )
2
2
2
2
4 s
s 4
4 s
s 2
2
+
=
(
(
= .
( )
( )
( ) [ ]
2
2
t 2
4 2 s
2 s 4
t 2 sin te L
+ +
+
=

( )
( )
2
2
4 4 s 4 s
2 s 4
+ + +
+
=
( )
( )
2
2
8 s 4 s
2 s 4
+ +
+
= . Ans.
Q.No.7.: Find the Laplace transforms of the function t cosh e t
t
.
2 2
a s
s
at cosh L
= .
( ) |
\
|
=
2 2
a s
s
ds
d
at cosh t L
( )
(
(
=
2 2 2
2 2
2
a s
1
a s
s 2

( ) ( )
2
2 2
2 2
2
2 2
2 2 2
a s
a s
a s
s 2 a s
+
=
+ +
=
( )
( )
( ) [ ]
2
2 2
2 2
t
a 1 s
a 1 s
at cosh te L
+
+ +
=

.
Substituting a = 1, we get
( )
( )
2
2
2
t
s 2 s
2 s 2 s
t cosh te L
+
+ +
=

. Ans.
Q.No.8.: Find the Laplace transforms of the function t 2 sin e t
t 3 2

Sol.: Since ( )
4 s
2
t 2 sin L
2
+
= .
( )
( )
2
2
2
4 s
s 4
4 s
2
ds
d
t 2 sin t L
+
= |
\
|
+
= .
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
(
(
+
=
+
=
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
4 s
s 2
4 s
1
4
4 s
s 4
ds
d
t 2 sin t L
( ) ( )
(
(
+
=
2
2
3
2
2
4 s
1
4 s
s 4
4
n
& Division by t
8

( )
(
(
+

=
3
2
2 2
4 s
4 s s 4
4
( )
(
(
=
3
2
2
4 s
4 s 3
4 .
( )
( )
( ) { }
(
(
+ +
+
=

3
2
2
2 t 3
4 3 s
4 3 s 3
4 t 2 sin t e L
( ) [ ]
( )
3
2
2
13 s 6 s
4 9 s 6 s 3 4
+ +
+ +
=
( )
( )
3
2
2
13 s 6 s
23 s 18 s 3 4
+ +
+ +
= . Ans.
Q.No.9.: Find the Laplace transform of ( )
2
t t f = .
Sol.: ( ) 0 0 f = , ( ) 0 0 f = , ( ) 2 t f = .
By theorem
{ } { } ( ) ( ) 0 f 0 sf f L s f L
2
=
( ) { } 0 0 . s t L s 2 L
2 2
= .
{ } { } { }
3 2 2 2
2
s
2
s
1
.
s
2
1 L
s
2
2 L
s
1
t L = = = = .
Q.No.10.: Given { }
s 4
1
2 / 3
e
s 2
t sin L
= , prove that
s 4
1
2
1
e
s
t
t cos
L
\
|
=
)
`
.
Sol.: Take
t
t cos
) t ( f = .
Since
t
t cos
is the derivative of t sin , choose ( ) t sin t g = , then ( )
t 2
t cos
t g = ,
g(0) = 0
Using theorem { } { } ( ) 0 g g sL g L = , we have
{ } 0 t sin L . s
t 2
t cos
L =
)
`
.
2 / 3
s 4
1
s 2
e
. . s
t 2
t cos
L
=
)
`
.
s 4
1
2 / 1
e .
s
t
t cos
L
=
)
`
.
n
& Division by t
9
Q.No.11.: Show that { }
( )
2
2 2
a s
as 2
at sin t L
+
= .
Sol.: { }
2 2
a s
a
at sin L
+
=
{ }
( )
2
2 2
2 2
a s
as 2
a s
a
ds
d
at sin . t L
+
=
)
`
+
= .
Q.No.12.: Find the Laplace transform of { } t sin e . t L
t 2
.
Sol.: ( )
1 s
1
t sin L
2
+
= .
{ }
( ) 5 s 4 s
1
1 2 s
1
t sin e L
2 2
t 2
+ +
=
+ +
=
.
{ }
( )
2
2
2
t 2
5 s 4 s
4 s 2
5 s 4 s
1
ds
d
t sin te L
+ +
+
=
|
|
\
|
+ +
=
. Ans.
Q.No.13.: Find the Laplace transform of ( ) { } t 3 sin 2 t 3 t L
2
+ .
Sol.: { }
9 s
3
3 s
3
t 3 sin L
2 2 2
+
=
+
=
( ) { } { } { } { } t 3 sin L 2 t 3 sin . t L 3 t 3 sin . t L t 3 sin 2 t 3 t L
2 2
+ = + .
Using multiplication by t
( ) ( )
9 s
3
. 2
9 s
3
ds
d
1 . 3
9 s
3
ds
d
1
2 2 2 2
2
2
+
+
)
`
+

)
`
+
=
( )
( )
( )
( )
9 s
6
9 s
s 6
. 3
9 s
54 s 18
2 2
2
3
2
2
+
+
+
+
+
=
( )
3
2
2 3 4
9 s
432 s 162 s 126 s 18 s 6
+
+ +
= .
***************************************
Problems on the topic Division by t:
Remember: If ( ) { } ( ) s f t f L = , then ( ) ( )ds s f t f
t
1
L
s
=
)
`
, provided the integral exists.

n
& Division by t
10
Q.No.1.: Find the Laplace transform of
(i)
( )
t
e 1
t
, (ii)
t
bt cos at cos
.
Sol.: (i) Since ( ) ( ) ( )
1 s
1
s
1
e L 1 L e 1 L
t t
= = .
( )
= |
\
|
=
|
|
\
|

s
s
t
1 s log s log ds
1 s
1
s
1
t
e 1
L
|
\
|
=
(
(
(
(
= |
\
|
s
1 s
log
s
1
1
1
log
1 s
s
log
s
. Ans.
(ii) Since ( )
2 2 2 2
b s
s
a s
s
bt cos at cos L
+
+
=
ds
b s
s
a s
s
t
bt cos at cos
L
2 2 2 2
s
|
|
\
|
+
+
= |
\
|
( ) ( )
+ + =
s
2 2 2 2
b s log
2
1
a s log
2
1

2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
s
b s
a s
log
2
1
b s
a s
log Lt
2
1
+
+
+
+
=

2 / 1
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
a s
b s
log
b s
a s
log
2
1
0 1
0 1
log
2
1
|
|
\
|
+
+
=
|
|
\
|
+
+
|
\
|
+
+
= . Ans. [ ] 0 1 log = Q
Q.No.2.: Find the Laplace transforms of the function
( )
t
e e
bt at
.
Sol.: Since ( )
(
+
=

b s
1
a s
1
e e L
bt at
.
ds
b s
1
a s
1
t
e e
L
s
bt at
|
\
|
+
+
=
|
|
\
|

\
|
+
+
=
s
b s
a s
log
|
\
|
+
+
=
b s
a s
log |
\
|
+
+
=
a s
b s
log . Ans.
( )
t
at sin
.
Sol.: Since ( )
2 2
a s
a
at sin L
+
= .
n
& Division by t
11
ds
a s
a
t
at sin
L
2 2
s
+
= |
\
|
= =
s
1
s
1
a
s
tan
a
s
tan
a
1
. a

a
s
cot
a
s
tan
2 a
s
tan tan
1 1 1 1
=
= = . Ans.
( )
t
t 3 cos t 2 cos
.
Sol.: Since ( )
9 s
s
4 s
s
t 3 cos t 2 cos L
2 2
+
+
= .
ds
9 s
s
4 s
s
t
t 3 cos t 2 cos
L
2 2
s
|
\
|
+
+
= |
\
|
( ) ( ) [ ]
+ + =
s
2 2
9 s log 4 s log
2
1

|
|
\
|
+
+
=
s
2
2
9 s
4 s
log
2
1
|
|
\
|
+
+
=
9 s
4 s
log
2
1
2
2

|
|
\
|
+
+
=
4 s
9 s
log
2
1
2
2
. Ans.
( )
t
bt cosh e
at
.
Sol.: Since ( )
2 2
at
b s
s
a s
1
bt cosh e L
= .
ds
b s
s
a s
1
t
bt cosh e
L
2 2
s
at
|
|
\
|
=
|
|
\
|

( ) ( )
=
s
2 2
b s log
2
1
a s log

( ) ( )
2 2
s
2 2
b s
a s
log
b s
a s
log
( )
2 / 1
2
2 2
a s
b s
log
(
(
=

( ) (
(
=
2
2 2
a s
b s
log
2
1
. Ans.
( )
t
t sin e
t
.
Sol.: Since ( )
1 s
1
t sin L
2
+
= .

n
& Division by t
12
=
+
= |
\
|
s
1
2
s
s tan ds
1 s
1
t
t sin
L s cot s tan
2
1 1
=
= .
( ) 1 s cot
t
t sin e
L
1
t
+ =
|
|
\
|
. Ans.
( )
t
t 2 cos 1
.
Sol.: Since ( )
4 s
s
s
1
t 2 cos 1 L
2
+
= .
ds
4 s
s
s
1
t
t 2 cos 1
L
2
s
|
\
|
+
= |
\
|
( )
+ =
s
2
4 s log
2
1
s log
( )
+
=
s
2 / 1
2
4 s
s
log

|
|
\
|
+
=
|
|
\
|
+
=
2
2
2 / 1
2
2
s
4 s
log
2
1
4 s
s
log . Ans.
( )
2
t
t cos 1
.
Sol.: Since ( )
1 s
s
s
1
t cos 1 L
2
+
= .
ds
1 s
s
s
1
t
t cos 1
L
2
s
|
\
|
+
= |
\
|
( )
+ =
s
2
1 s log
2
1
s log
|
|
\
|
+
=
s
2
1 s
s
log

|
|
\
|
+
=
|
|
\
|
+
=
2
2
2 / 1
2
2
s
1 s
log
2
1
1 s
s
log .
ds
s
1 s
log
2
1
t
t cos 1
L
2
2
s
2 |
|
\
|
+
= |
\
|
( )
ds
s
1 s
log
2 / 1
2
s
+
=

( ) sds log ds 1 s log
2
1
s
2
s

+ =
( ) ( )

+
+ =
s
2
s
s
2
1 s log s ds
2
s
.
1 s
s 2
1 s log
2
s

n
& Division by t
13
( )

+ + + =
s s
s
1
s
s
2
s s log s s tan s 1 s log
2
s

( ) s cot s 1 log s
2
1
1 2
+ + = ( )
2 1
s 1 log s
2
1
s cot

+ = . Ans.
t
t sin
2
.
Sol.: Let ( ) t 2 cos L
2
1
2
1
L
2
t 2 cos 1
L t sin
2
|
\
|
= |
\
|
=

2 2
2 s
s
2
1
s
1
2
1
+
= .
Using division by t
|
|
\
|
+
=
)
`
4 s
sds
s
ds
2
1
t sin .
t
1
L
2 s
2
( )

(
+ =
s
2
4 s In
4
1
s In
2
1

( )
|
|
\
|
+
=
|
|
|
\
|
+
=
2
2
s
4 / 1
2
s
4 s
In
4
1
4 s
s
In .
***********************************
Problems on the topic Laplace transforms of integrals:
Remember: If ( ) { } ( ) s f t f L = , then ( ) ( ) s f
s
1
du u f L
t
0
=
.
Q. No.1.: Find
|
|
\
|

tdt cos e L
t
t
0
.
Sol.: ( )
( ) 1 1 s
1 s
t cos e L
2
t
+ +
+
=
.
( ) 1 1 s
1 s
.
s
1
tdt cos e L
2
t
t
0
+ +
+
=
|
|
\
|
( ) 2 s 2 s s
1 s
2
+ +
+
= . Ans.
Q.No.2.: Evaluate (i)
|
|
\
|

tdt 4 sin te L
t
t
0
, (ii)
|
|
\
|

dt
t
bt cos at cos
L
t
0
.
n
& Division by t
14
Sol.: (i).
|
|
\
|

tdt 4 sin te L
t
t
0

( )
( ) 16 s
s 8
16 s
4
ds
d
t 4 sin t L
2 2
+
=
|
|
\
|
+
= .
( )
( )
( ) [ ]
2
2
t
16 1 s
1 s 8
t 4 sin t e L
+ +
+
=

( )
( )
2
2
17 s 2 s
1 s 8
+ +
+
=
( )
( )
2
2
t
t
0 17 s 2 s s
1 s 8
tdt 4 sin te L
+ +
+
=
|
|
\
|

. Ans.
(ii).
|
|
\
|

dt
t
bt cos at cos
L
t
0
.
( ) |
\
|
+
+
=
2 2 2 2
b s
s
a s
s
bt cos at cos L .
ds
b s
s
a s
s
t
bt cos at cos
L
2 2 2 2
s
|
\
|
+
+
= |
\
|
( ) ( ) [ ]
+ + =
s
2 2 2 2
b s log a s log
2
1

(
(
+
+
=
s
2 2
2 2
b s
a s
log
2
1
2 2
2 2
s
2
2
2
2
b s
a s
log
2
1
s
b
1
s
a
1
log
2
1
+
+
=
(
(
(
(
+
+
=
.
|
|
\
|
+
+
=
|
|
\
|

2 2
2 2
t
0
b s
a s
log
s 2
1
dt
t
bt cos at cos
L
|
|
\
|
+
+
=
2 2
2 2
a s
b s
log
s 2
1
. Ans.
Q.No.3.: Evaluate (i)
|
|
\
|
dt
t
t sin
L
t
0
, (ii)
|
|
\
|

tdt cos e L
t
t
0
.
Sol.: (i).
|
|
\
|
dt
t
t sin
L
t
0
.
( )
1 s
1
t sin L
2
+
= .
n
& Division by t
15
ds
1 s
1
t
t sin
L
2
s
+
= |
\
|
s cot s tan
2
s tan
1 1
s
1
= = .
s cot
s
1
dt
t
t sin
L
1
t
0
=
|
|
\
|
. Ans.
(ii).
|
|
\
|

tdt cos e L
t
t
0
.
( )
1 s
s
t cos L
2
+
= .
( )
( ) ( ) 2 s 2 s
1 s
1 1 s 2 s
1 s
1 1 s
1 s
t cos e L
2 2 2
t
+ +
+
=
+ + +
+
=
+ +
+
=

.
( ) 2 s 2 s s
1 s
tdt cos e L
2
t
t
0
+ +
+
=
|
|
\
|
. Ans.
du
u
e 1
L
u
t
0
.
Sol.: Here the integrand is ( ) ( ) t / e 1 t f
t
= .
We know that ( ) { } |
\
|
+ = =
s
1
1 log ) s ( F
t
e 1
L t f L
t
.
Using the theorem of Laplace transform of integrals
|
\
|
+ =
s
1
1 log
s
1
du
u
e 1
L
u
t
0

)
`

du du du au cos L
t
0
t
0
t
0
.
Sol.: Here integrand is ( ) at cos t f = .
( ) { } { }
2 2
a s
s
at cos L t f L
+
= = .
Using the theorem of LT of integrals
2 2 2 2
t
0
a s
1
a s
s
.
s
1
du au cos L
+
=
+
=
)
`
.
n
& Division by t
16
Applying repeatedly
2 2
t
0
t
0
a s
1
.
s
1
du du au cos L
+
=
)
`

.
2 2 2
t
0
t
0
t
0
a s
1
.
s
1
du du du au cos L
+
=
)
`

.
)
`
du bu sinh e ct sinh L
au
t
0
.
Sol.: { }
2 2
b s
b
bt sinh L
= .
{ }
( )
2 2
at
b a s
b
bt sin e L

= .
( )
2 2
au
t
0
b a s
b
.
s
1
du bu sinh e L

=
)
`
. (i)
Now consider
)
`
du bu sinh e ct sinh L
au
t
0
|
|
\
|

=
budu sinh e
2
e e
L
au
t
0
ct ct

)
`
+
)
`
=

budu sinh e e L
2
1
budu sinh e e L
2
1
au
t
0
ct au
t
0
ct

Using (i)
( ) [ ] ( ) [ ]
c s s
2 2
c s s
2 2
b a s s
b
2
1
b a s s
b
2
1
+ = =

+

=
=
( ) ( ) [ ] ( ) ( ) [ ]
2 2 2 2
b a c s c s
b
2
1
b a c s c s
b
2
1
+ +
+

.
Q.No.7.: Find the Laplace transform of dt
t
t 4 cos t 6 cos
0
.
Sol.: This integral can be looked upon as
dt
t
t 4 cos t 6 cos
. e
t . 0
0
|
\
|

So that the given integral is Laplace transform of
t
t 4 cos t 6 cos
with s = 0.
n
& Division by t
17
0 s with
t
t 4 cos t 6 cos
L
=
|
\
|

3
2
In
a s
b s
In
2
1
4 b
6 a
0 s
2 2
2 2
=
|
|
\
|
+
+
=
=
=
=
.
**********************************
Evaluation of Integrals by Laplace Transforms:
Q.No.1.: Evaluate (i) tdt sin te
t 2
0
, (ii) dt
t
mt sin
0
and (iii)
dt
t
t sin e
L
t
t
0
.
Sol.: (i) ( )dt t sin t e tdt sin te
st
0
t 2
0

= , where s = 2
( ) t sin t L = , (by definition)
( ) |
\
|
+
=
1 s
1
ds
d
1
2
( ) ( )
25
4
1 2
2 2
1 s
s 2
2
2
2
2
=
+
=
+
= . Ans.
(ii) Since ( )
( )
( ) s f
m s
m
mt sin L
2 2
=
+
= , say.
( )

=
+
= = |
\
|

s
1
2 2
s s
m
s
tan
m s
mds
ds s f
t
mt sin
L .
By definition,
m
s
tan
2
dt
t
mt sin
e
1 st
0

.
Now 0
m
s
tan Lt
1
0 s
= |
\
|
, if m > 0 or if m < 0.
Thus, taking limits as 0 s , we get
2
dt
t
mt sin
0
if m > 0 or
2
, if m < 0. Ans.
(iii) Since s cot s tan
2
s tan
1 s
ds
t
t sin
L
1 1
s
1
2
s

= =
+
= |
\
|
.
n
& Division by t
18
( ) 1 s cot
t
t sin
e L
1 t
=
)
`
\
|

.
By shifting property, we get
( ) 1 s cot
s
1
dt
t
t sin
e L
1 t
t
0
=
(
(
)
`
\
|

. Ans.
Q.No.2.: Evaluate (i) tdt sin te
t 3
0
, (ii) tdt cos te

t 2
0
,
Sol.: (i) Evaluate tdt sin te
t 3
0
.
( )
1 s
1
t sin L
2
+
= ( )
( )
2
2
2
1 s
s 2
1 s
1
ds
d
t sin t L
+
= |
\
|
+
= .
By definition
( )
2
2
st
0 1 s
s 2
tdt sin te
+
=
.
Put s = 3
( )
50
3
100
6
1 3
3 . 2
tdt sin te
2
2
t 3
0
= =
+
=
. Ans.
(ii) tdt cos te
t 2
0

( ) |
\
|
+
=
1 s
s
ds
d
t cos t L
2
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2
2
2
2
2
2
1 s
1 s
1 s
1 s s 2 s
+
=
+
+
=
by definition
( )
( )
2
2
2
st
0 1 s
1 s
dt t cos t e
+
.
Put s = 2, we get
( )
( )
25
3
1 4
1 4
dt t cos t e
2
t 2
0
=
+
. Ans.
n
& Division by t
19
Q.No.3.: Prove that (i) 3 log dt
t
e e
t 3 t
0
=
|
|
\
|

, (ii) 5 log
4
1
dt
t
t sin e
2 t
0
=
.
Sol.: ( )
3 s
1
1 s
1
e e L
t 3 t
+
+
=

.
ds
3 s
1
1 s
1
t
e e
L
s
t 3 t
|
\
|
+
+
=
|
|
\
|

( ) ( ) [ ]
+ + =
s
3 s log 1 s log

3 s
1 s
log 0
s
3
1
s
1
1
log
3 s
1 s
log
s
s
+
+
=
(
(
(
(
+
+
=
(
+
+
=
.
By definition
3 s
1 s
log dt
t
e e
. e
t 3 t
st
0
+
+
=

Put s = 0, we get
3 log
3
1
log dt
t
e e
t 3 t
0
= |
\
|
=
|
|
\
|

This completes the proof.
(ii). dt
t
t sin e
2 t
0
.
dt
t
t sin
e dt
t
t sin
e
2
st
0
2
t
0
|
|
\
|
=
|
|
\
|

dt
t 2
t 2 cos 1
L dt
t
t sin
L
2
|
\
|
=
|
|
\
|
=
ds
4 s
s
s
1
2
1
t
t 2 cos 1
L
2
1
2
s
|
\
|
+
= |
\
|
=
( )
+ =
s
2
4 s log
2
1
s log
2
1

( )
+
=
s
2 / 1
2
4 s
s
log
2
1
|
|
\
|
+
=
s
2
2
4 s
s
log
2
1
.
2
1
(
(
|
|
\
|
+
=
4 s
s
log
4
1
2
2

|
|
\
|
+
=
2
2
s
4 s
log
4
1
5 log
4
1
1
4 1
log
4
1
= |
\
| +
= .
n
& Division by t
20
Q.No.4.: Show that
500
11
tdt 2 sin . e t
t 4 2
0
=
.
Sol.: LHS is written as
( )dt t 2 sin t . e
2 t 4
0
.
i.e. it is L.T. of t 2 sin t
2
with s = 4. We know that
{ }
4 s
2
2 s
2
t 2 sin L
2 2 2
+
=
+
= .
Then ( ) ( )
( )

)
=
)
`
+
=
2
2
2 2
2
2 2
4 s
s 4
ds
d
4 s
2
ds
d
1 t 2 sin t L
( )
( )
500
11
4 s
s 3 4
. 4
4 s
3
2
2
=
+
=
=
.

Now let us solve some more problems:
Q.No.1.: Find ( ) at cos L and deduce from it ( ) at sin L .
Sol.: ( ) dt . at cos e at cos L
t s
0
=
2 2
a s
s
+
= .
Now ( ) dt . at cos a at sin
t
0
= .
( )
2 2
t
0
a s
s
.
s
1
. a atdt cos a L at sin L
+
=
|
|
\
|
=
2 2
a s
a
+
= . Ans. ( ) ( )
(
(
s f .
s
1
dt t f L
t
0
Q
Q.No.2.: Given
2 / 3
s
1 t
2 L =
\
|
, show that
( ) s
1
t
1
L =
.
Sol.: ( ) s f
s
1 t
2 L
2 / 3
= =
\
|
.
Let ( )
=
t
2 t f , ( )
t
1
.
2
1
.
2
t f
=
t
1
= .
( ) { } t f L
t
1
L =
)
`
( ) ( ) 0
s
1
. s 0 f s f s
2 / 3
= =
s
1
= .
n
& Division by t
21
*** *** *** *** ***
*** *** ***
***

Home Assignments
Find the Laplace transform of the following functions:
Q. No. Function Answer
1.
t sin
2

( ) 4 s s
2
2
+

2. at cos
2 2
a s
s
+

3. n
t
1 n
s
! n
+

4. at cosh t
( )
2
2 2
2 2
a s
a s
+

5. at cos t
( )
2
2 2
2 2
a s
a s
+

6.
t sin t
2

( )
3
2
2
1 s
2 s 6
+

7. t 2 sinh . t
( )
2
2
4 s
s 4

8. ( ) t 2 cos 2 t 2 sin 3 t
( )
2
2
2
4 s
s 2 s 12 8
+
+
. at sin . e . t
at
.
9.
t 3 sin te
t 2

( )
( )
2
2
13 s 4 s
2 s 6
+

10 t 2 cos t 2 t 2 sin
( )
2
2
4 s
16
+

n
& Division by t
22
11
t
e 1
t 2

s
2 s
In

12
t
t sinh

|
\
|
+
1 s
1 s
In
2
1

13
t
at cos 1

s
a s
In
2
1
2 2
+

14
t
t cos t 3 sin

(
\
|
|
\
|

2
s
tan
4
s
tan
2
1
1 1

15
du
u
u sin
. e
u
t
0
( ) 1 s cot
s
1
1

16
du
u
u 3 sin e
u 4
t
0
\
| +
3
4 s
cot
s
1
1

17
udu cosh e t cosh
u
t
0

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )(
(
+
+

1 s 1 s
s
3 s 1 s
2 s
2
1
2 2

18
tdt 3 sin te
t 2
0

169
12

19
)
`
dt
t
t sin
. e
t
t
0
( ) 1 s cot
s
1
1

20
Prove that
25
2
tdt cos t e
t 3
t
0
=

21
Prove that 0 tdt sin . e t
t 3
0
=
.

22
Prove that
50
3
tdt sin . e . t
t 3
0
=
.

23
Prove that
65
6
tdt sin e
3 t 2
0
=
.

24
Show that 2 In dt
t
e e
t 6 t 3
0
=
.

25
Show that
2
dt
t
t sin
2
2
0
.

n
& Division by t
23
26
Show that 5 In
2
1
dt
t
t sin
. e .
2
t
0
=
.

27 Show that
( )
|
\
|
+ =
3
1
log
2
3
2 cot 2 dt
t
t sinh 3 t sin 2
e
1 t 2
t
0

28
Show that
4
dudt
u
u sin e
t
t
0 u 0 t
=

29
Show that
a
b
log dt
t
e e
bt at
0
=

*** *** *** *** ***
*** *** ***
***
3 33 3
rd rd rd rd
Topic Topic Topic Topic
Laplace Transforms Laplace Transforms Laplace Transforms Laplace Transforms
Inverse Laplace Transforms

*****************************************
*****************************************
*****************************************

2

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Laplace Transforms of Derivatives:

Theorem: If ( ) t f be continuous and ( ) { } ( ) s f t f L = ,

, provided the integral exists.

, provided the integral exists.

, (ii) tdt cos te

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