REFRACTION ON AN OPTICAL GLASS

Objective: Investigate the nature of refraction on an optical glass Apparatus: power supply, optical tables, precision rails, foot rails, diaphragm slide holder, 1 slit diaphragm, lens f = 100 mm, lamp 12 V, 18 W, optical glass, connecting wires red, black connecting wires, ruler 50 cm metal, paper folio, protractor Steps: 1. Prepare tools and materials will be used. 2. Arrange the tools, use white paper, give the lines a and c are perpendicular to each other and put on the optical table, light source lamp filament is in upright position, lens f = 100 mm placed 10 cm next to the right light. 3. Connect the power supply (off) to the electrical source. 4. Select the output voltage at 12 V in power supply by connecting the wires and connect the power supply to the lamp 5. Check the tools 6. Take back the white paper from the optical table, then draw a line that makes an angle of 300 to the line c on the paper, then put the paper on the optical table. Put the optical glass on the paper, a side coincides with a line, facing the light source. 7. Turn the lights on by turning on the power supply. Adjust the position of optical table or paper so incident ray coincides with the line of 30 0 to c lines or angle of incidence 300. 8. Observe the light comes out from the glass block and mark it by giving two small cross on the ray. Ray leaves the glass with the angle of d. Draw the surface of optical glass attached to the paper. 9. Repeat steps 6 through 8 for the angle 40, 50, 60 by using the new paper. 10. Remove the optical glass and paper from optical table, and then draw the ray come out from optical glass for each incident ray. Measure the angle of d and complete the table. Result of Observation No 1 2 3 4 Ray of Incident 30 40 50 60 Ray of Refraction

Discussion:

Conclusion: Applications in Daily Life

REFRACTION IN THE LIQUID

Objective: Investigate relationships between incident and refracted rays on the light refraction from gas to liquid. Apparatus: power supply, optical tables, precision rails, foot rails, stemmed lamp 12 V, 18 W, slide holder diaphragm, one slit diaphragm, lens f = 100 mm, rectangle tube, square tube, red connecting wire, black connecting wire, metal ruler 50 cm, white paper, protractor, water, kerosene Steps: 1. Prepare tools and materials will be used. 2. Arrange the tools, use white paper, give the lines a and c are perpendicular to each other and put on the optical table, light source lamp filament is in upright position, lens f = 100 mm placed 10 cm next to the right light. 3. Connect the power supply (off) to the electrical source. 4. Select the output voltage at 12 V in power supply by connecting the wires and connect the power supply to the lamp 5. Check the tools 6. Take back the white paper from optical table, then draw a line (k), which makes an angle of 300 to the line c on the paper, then put the paper on the optical table. 7. Pour part water into a rectangular tub, then put it on the paper which the length side coincides with line a. 8. Turn the lights on by turning on the power supply. Adjust the optical table or paper so incident ray coincides with the line (k) or the angle of incidence (d) of 30 0 9. Observe the ray comes out from rectangle tube and mark a point P on the edge of the tube, where the ray appears. 10. Put out rectangular tube, make line OP and measure the angle of refraction of b which is the angle between the line OP and c line. Record the results into a table 11. Repeat step (6) to (10) by using another paper to the angle of 45 and 60. 12. Repeat steps (6) through (11), by using a square tub filled by kerosene. 13. For each paper, with point O as the center, make a circle on the paper with radius 3 cm so it cuts incident and refracted rays. From those intersections make a perpendicular line to the c line and named it by p and q. 14. Measure the length of the lines p and q with the corresponding of angle of incidence and the angle of refraction, write the result in the table. Result of Observation Water No 1 2 3 Ray of Incident 30 40 50 Ray of Refraction Kerosene No 1 2 3 Ray of Incident 30 40 50 Ray of Refraction

Discussion:

Conclusion: Applications in Daily Life