1. What is difference between direct injection engine and indirect injection?

Direct injection injects the fuel charge directly into the combustion chamber, ( more efficient). Indirect injection injects the fuel charge into the intake port behind the intake valve, or in the case of Throttle Body injecti on, into the center of the intake manifold for distribution to the cylinders. Indirect injection was much cheaper to produce, but resulted in highe r emissions and reduced power relative to direct injection. ********************** 2. How fuel injection in a gasoline engine is different from direct injection in diesel engines? The basic difference between fuel injection for gasoline and direct injection fo r a diesel lies in the position of the injectors. The gasoline injector is placed in the intake manifold so that the fuel squirts under pressur e into the runner of the intake manifold to mix with air drawn in during the intake stroke of the piston (basic four stroke cycle: Intake, Comp ression, Ignition and Exhaust). The air/fuel mixture is drawn into the cylinder much like after a carburetor mixes fuel and air together in a conve ntional carburated engine. There are even engines which use a throttle body style carburetor which has one or more injectors on top. After the compres sion stroke a spark from the spark plug fires the air/fuel mixture and the piston is driven down which provides power and then the exhaust stroke takes place which completes the cycle. In the direct injection diesel engine the injector tip is actual placed in the c ombustion chamber. this prevents the mixing of the air with the diesel fuel. The rest of the cycle is similar to the gasoline engine except there is n o need for a spark to ignite the fuel because diesel engines have a hi gher compression ratio (Generally gasoline compression ratios are between 8:1 to 10:1 where as diesel engines are between 14:1 to 17:1) and will ignite on their own. Most diesels also harvest the wasted exhaust pressure as it escape s the combustion chamber and passes it through a turbo charger. The turbo charger has a turbine which the exhaust fumes can spin (up to about 20,000 rpm.) . This turbine is attached to another turbine which forces air into the engine's cylinders via the intake manifold under pressure (Known as the Turbo Bo ost Pressure, usually between 10 PSI and 13 PSI I think.). With the increased air pressure from the higher Turbo Boost and the increased co mpression ratio it is only common sense that the diesel injectors have to operate under higher pressures than gasoline fuel injectors. Diesel injectors h ave come in different styles over the years if I remember right. There were some that were completely mechanical in nature (I think they were basically just a small pipe for the fuel but there was a rotary valve which directed the flow to different lines for different cylinders) and today's diesels general ly come with electro-mechanical injectors to be used with electronic engine system just like gasoline systems. As to more differences between the two you may need to look to an engineer to explain them. You can copy and paste the following into you browser for a detailed look at the differences between gasoline and diesel engines auto.howstuffworks. com/diesel2.htm PS: I understand that a Japanese engine manufacture has patented a direct liquid injection system for propane engines used in the forklift industry. While you might not find this very interesting, think about this: Gasoline has a rated octane level between 87 and 92, Natural Gas peak rating is 112 (but averages below 98 octane) but Propane has a rated constant octane level of 104. Propane also loves a high compression engine. Just fuel for some racer's mind to think about........... *************************** 3. Do they make a 6 or 8 cylinder 'direct injection' engine?

No matter what you do, your FJ62 is still going to be a heavy vehicle with the a erodynamics of a brick. The most eco-friendly thing you can do is use the money you would spend on an en gine swap to do 2 things: 1: keep it running in good condition to keep it out of the land fill and prevent excessive fuel consumption. 2: get a fuel-efficient commuter car for when you don't need to haul anything or you're not going off-road. If you insist on spending money on an engine swap, I would recommend a modern To yota diesel such as a 12HD-T. They were never sold in the US, but are available from a few parts sources. You could potentially get ~27mpg or so, but be prepared to spend somewhere around $10K for the swap. Swapping in any other gasoline engine will likely cost a bit less, but it's virtually imposs ible to get more than 17mpg with real-world driving. ****************************