Digital Fund

Digital Fundamentals
CHAPTER 1 Digital Concepts
Floyd Digital Fundamentals, 9/e
Copyright 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.
Slide 1
Digital and Analog Quantities
Slide 2
Analog quantities have continuous values Digital quantities have discrete sets of values
Slide 3
Analog quantities have continuous values
Digital quantities have discrete sets of values
Slide 4
Slide 5
Types of electronic devices or instruments: Analog Digital
Slide 6
Combination analog and digital
Slide 7
Binary Digits, Logic Levels, and Digital Waveforms
Slide 8
The conventional numbering system uses ten digits: 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8, and 9. The binary numbering system uses just two digits: 0 and 1.
Slide 9
The two binary digits are designated 0 and 1 They can also be called LOW and HIGH, where LOW = 0 and HIGH = 1
Slide 10
Binary values are also represented by voltage levels
Slide 11
Major parts of a digital pulse Base line Amplitude Rise time (tr) Pulse width (tw) Fall time (tf)
Slide 12
tw = pulse width T = period of the waveform f = frequency of the waveform

1 f T
Slide 13
The duty cycle of a binary waveform is defined as:

tw Duty cycle 100% T
Floyd Digital Fundamentals, 9/e Copyright 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.
Slide 14
Digital Waveform Carriers Binary Information
clock
Slide 15

Timing Diagram
Slide 16
Data Transfer
Slide 17
Basic Logic Operations
Slide 18
Basic Logic Operations There are only three basic logic operations:
Slide 19
The NOT operation
When the input is LOW, the output is HIGH When the input is HIGH, the output is LOW
The output logic level is always opposite the input logic level.
Slide 20
The AND operation

When any input is LOW, the output is LOW When both inputs are HIGH, the output is HIGH
Slide 21
The OR operation
When any input is HIGH, the output is HIGH When both inputs are LOW, the output is LOW
Slide 22
Overview of Basic Logic Functions
Slide 23

Comparison function Arithmetic functions Code conversion function Encoding function Decoding function Data selection function Data storage function Counting function
Slide 24
Comparison function
Compares two binary values and determines whether or not they are equal
Slide 25
Arithmetic functions Perform the basic arithmetic operations on two binary values:
Addition Subtraction of two values Multiplication Division
Slide 26
Code conversion function Converts, or translates, information from one code format to another
Slide 27
Encoding function Converts non-binary information into a binary code
Slide 28
Decoding function Converts binarycoded information into a non-binary form
Slide 29
Decoder
y0 = abc y1 = abc y2 = abc y3 = abc y4 = abc y5 = abc y6 = abc y7 = abc
a 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 b 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 c 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 y0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 y1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 y2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 y3 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 y4 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 y5 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 y6 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 y7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
a b c
3-to-8 Line Decoder
True table of the logic of this decoder
a b c d e f g
Slide 30
Data selection function Multiplexer (mux)

Switches digital data from any number of input sources to a single output line
Demultiplexer (demux)
switches digital data from a single input to any number of output lines
Slide 31
Multiplexer
I0 I1 I2 I3 A
A 0 0 1 1
+
4-to-1 MUX
A B I0 A B I1 A B I2 A B I3
B
B 0 1 0 1 Z I0 I1 I2 I3
Slide 32
Multiplexer
Slide 33
Data storage function Retains binary data for a period of time

Flip-flops (bistable multvibrators) Registers Semiconductor memories Magnetic-media memories Optical-media memories
Slide 34
4-bit Serial Shift Register
Slide 35
Parallel Shift Register
Slide 36
Counting function Generates sequences of digital pulse that represent numbers
Slide 37
Storage Function
Flip-flops
S-R Type D Type
Q Clock Q D
Slide 38
Storage Function Registers
Semiconductor Memories Magnetic Memories

Slide 39
Example
N0 Need
Slide 40
Fixed-Function Integrated Circuits
Slide 41
IC package styles Dual in-line package (DIP) Small-outline IC (SOIC) Flat pack (FP) Plastic-leaded chip carrier (PLCC) Leadless-ceramic chip carrier (LCCC)
Slide 42
Dual in-line package (DIP)
Slide 43
Small-outline IC (SOIC)
Slide 44
Flat pack (FP)
Slide 45
Plastic-leaded chip carrier (PLCC)
Slide 46
Leadless-ceramic chip carrier (LCCC)
Slide 47
Homework 2 (due after one weeks)
Two as a team, one alone is allowed. Draw a conceptual block diagram by means of basic gates and logic function units introduced (please refer to the example of Slide 40) No correct answer at all. Please develop your design with full freedom
Slide 48
Introduction to Programmable Logic (Skip: This class will skip all the contents related to programmable logic)
Slide 49
Introduction to Programmable Logic
SPLDSimple programmable logic devices CPLDComplex programmable logic devices FPGAField-programmable gate arrays
Slide 50
Introduction to Programmable Logic
SPLD
PAL (programmable array logic) GAL (generic array logic) PLA (programmable logic array) PROM (programmable read-only memory)
Slide 51
CPLD
Slide 52
FPGA
Slide 53
Slide 54
Test and Measurement Instruments
Slide 55
Test and Measurement Instruments
Analog Oscilloscope Digital Oscilloscope Logic Analyzer Logic Probe, Pulser, and Current Probe DC Power Supply Function Generator Digital Multimeter
Slide 56

Digital Fund

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Digital Fund

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Digital Fundamentals

CHAPTER 1 Digital Concepts

Floyd Digital Fundamentals, 9/e

Digital and Analog Quantities

Floyd Digital Fundamentals, 9/e

Digital and Analog Quantities

Floyd Digital Fundamentals, 9/e

Digital and Analog Quantities

Analog quantities have continuous values

Digital quantities have discrete sets of values

Floyd Digital Fundamentals, 9/e

Digital and Analog Quantities

Floyd Digital Fundamentals, 9/e

Digital and Analog Quantities

Types of electronic devices or instruments: Analog Digital

Floyd Digital Fundamentals, 9/e

Digital and Analog Quantities

Combination analog and digital

Floyd Digital Fundamentals, 9/e

Binary Digits, Logic Levels, and Digital Waveforms

Floyd Digital Fundamentals, 9/e

Binary Digits, Logic Levels, and Digital Waveforms

Floyd Digital Fundamentals, 9/e

Binary Digits, Logic Levels, and Digital Waveforms

Floyd Digital Fundamentals, 9/e

Binary Digits, Logic Levels, and Digital Waveforms

Binary values are also represented by voltage levels

Floyd Digital Fundamentals, 9/e

Binary Digits, Logic Levels, and Digital Waveforms

Floyd Digital Fundamentals, 9/e

Binary Digits, Logic Levels, and Digital Waveforms

tw = pulse width T = period of the waveform f = frequency of the waveform

Floyd Digital Fundamentals, 9/e

Binary Digits, Logic Levels, and Digital Waveforms

The duty cycle of a binary waveform is defined as:

Digital Waveform Carriers Binary Information

Floyd Digital Fundamentals, 9/e

Digital Waveform Carriers Binary Information

Floyd Digital Fundamentals, 9/e

Digital Waveform Carriers Binary Information

Floyd Digital Fundamentals, 9/e

Basic Logic Operations

Floyd Digital Fundamentals, 9/e

Floyd Digital Fundamentals, 9/e

Basic Logic Operations

The NOT operation

Basic Logic Operations

The AND operation

Floyd Digital Fundamentals, 9/e

Basic Logic Operations

Floyd Digital Fundamentals, 9/e

Overview of Basic Logic Functions

Floyd Digital Fundamentals, 9/e

Overview of Basic Logic Functions

Overview of Basic Logic Functions

Floyd Digital Fundamentals, 9/e

Overview of Basic Logic Functions

Floyd Digital Fundamentals, 9/e

Overview of Basic Logic Functions

Floyd Digital Fundamentals, 9/e

Overview of Basic Logic Functions

Encoding function Converts non-binary information into a binary code

Floyd Digital Fundamentals, 9/e

Overview of Basic Logic Functions