Digital Communications

Asad Abbas Assistant Professor Telecom Department Air University, Islamabad Pakistan

Last time we talked about:

Some bandpass modulation schemes

M-PAM, M-PSK, M-FSK, M-QAM

How to perform coherent and noncoherent detection Constellation Digram

12/30/2009

Lecture 8

Today, we are going to talk about:

How to calculate the average probability of symbol error for different modulation schemes that we studied? How to compare different modulation schemes based on their error performances?

12/30/2009

Lecture 8

Error probability of BPSK

Probability of error of binary coherent signals for minimum Error detector ( or MLD ) is given by:

=Q

(1 ) Nbo
E

As BPSK signaling scheme is antipodal, thus Probability of error is:

. The
2 (t )

s1

s2
1 (t )

Eb

Eb

s1 s 2 = 2 Eb

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Lecture 8

Example

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Lecture 8

Error Probability of Differential Phase Shift Keying (DPSK)

Coherent DPSK ( coherently detected DPSK)

Non-Coherent DPSK ( Non-coherently detected DPSK Eb 1 PB = exp N 2 0

DBPSK requires:

12/30/2009

Lecture 8

Error probability of Coherently detected Orthogonal BFSK

Probability of error of binary coherent signals:

=Q

(1 ) Nbo
E

In OFSK s1(t) and s2(t) are orthogonal the angle between them is 90 ( ), As cos 90=0

The error probability is given by

12/30/2009

Lecture 8

Error probability of Non Coherently detected Orthogonal BFSK

The minimum Wf allowed (for no ISI) with roll-off factor r = 0 Thus Wf = R bits/sec =1/T

Non-coh
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Bit Error Probability Curves

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Lecture 8

Shannon Limit
The communication system performance becomes very poor ( probability of error becomes large) if Eb/No is less -1.6dB and hence reliable communication can not be maintained below this threshold, called the Shannon limit

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Lecture 8

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Error probability of M-PAM (contd..)

Error happens if the noise, n1 = r1 s m , exceeds in amplitude one-half of the distance between adjacent symbols. For symbols on the border, error can happen only in one direction. Hence:

Coherent detection of M-PAM .

PE (M) =

2(M 1) 6log2M Eb Q M 2 1 N M 0

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Lecture 8

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Error probability M-QAM

Coherent detection of M-QAM

1 3log2M Eb PE (M) = 41 Q M 1 N M 0

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Lecture 8

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Error probability MPSK

Coherent detection of MPSK

2 Es sin PE ( M ) 2Q N M 0
2(log 2 M )Eb PE ( M ) 2Q sin N0 M

2kEb PE ( M ) 2Q sin N M 0
12/30/2009 Lecture 8 13

Error probability of M-FSK

Coherent detection of M-FSK

PE ( M ) (M 1)Q

(log 2 M )Eb
N0

kEb PE ( M ) ( M 1) Q N 0

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Bit error probability versus symbol error probability Number of bits per symbol k = log 2 M For orthogonal M-ary signaling (M-FSK)
PB M /2 2 k 1 = k = PE 2 1 M 1 lim

PB 1 = k P 2 E

For M-PSK, M-PAM and M-QAM

PB PE for PE << 1 k
Lecture 8 15

12/30/2009

Probability of symbol error for binary modulation

PE

Note! The same average symbol energy for different sizes of signal space

Eb / N 0 dB
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Probability of symbol error for M-PSK

kEb PE ( M ) ( M 1) Q N 0

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Probability of symbol error for M-FSK

PE

Note! The same average symbol energy for different sizes of signal space

Eb / N 0 dB
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kEb PE ( M ) ( M 1) Q N 18 0

Probability of symbol error for M-PAM

PE

Note! The same average symbol energy for different sizes of signal space

Eb / N 0 dB
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Probability of symbol error for MQAM

PE

Note! The same average symbol energy for different sizes of signal space

Eb / N 0 dB
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Example of samples of matched filter output for some bandpass modulation schemes

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Lecture 8

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