8.

1 Global Positioning System The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a space-based global navigation satellite system (GNSS) that provides reliable location and time information in all weather and at all times and anywhere on or near the Earth when and where there is an unobstructed line of sight to four or more GPS satellites. It is maintained by the United States government and is freely accessible by anyone with a GPS receiver.

Fig8.1:GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM

A vehicle tracking system combines the installation of an electronic device in a vehicle, or fleet of vehicles, with purpose-designed computer software at least at one operational base to enable the owner or a third party to track the vehicle's location, collecting data in the process from the field and deliver it to the base of operation. Modern vehicle tracking systems commonly use GPS or GLONASS technology for locating the vehicle, but other types of automatic vehicle location technology can also be used. Vehicle information can be viewed on electronic maps via the Internet or specialized software. Urban public transit authorities are an increasingly common user of vehicle tracking systems, particularly in large cities.

Fig8.2:GPS in vehicle.

8.2 Major constituents of the GPS based tracking are 1. GPS Tracking Device: The Device Fits into the vehicle and captures the GPS location information apart from other vehicle information at regular intervals to a central server. Capability of these devices actually decide the final capability of the whole tracking system. 2. GPS tracking Server: The tracking server has dual responsibility. One of receiving data from the GPS tracking unit and securely storing it, and other of serving this information on demand to the user. It is the intelligence, power and configuration of GPS tracking server, that culminates into usability and feature support. 3. User interface: User interface determines how you will be able to access information, view vehicle data and elicit business important details from it. Most usable is the one that is web based and doesn't demand installation of custom software.

8.3 $GPGGA Global Positioning System Fix Data Name Sentence Identifier Time Latitude Longitude Fix Quality: - 0 = Invalid Example Data $GPGGA 170834 Description Global Positioning System Fix Data 17:08:34 Z

4124.8963, N 41d 24.8963' N or 41d 24' 54" N 08151.6838, W 1 81d 51.6838' W or 81d 51' 41" W Data is from a GPS fix

- 1 = GPS fix - 2 = DGPS fix Number of Satellites Horizontal Dilution of Precision (HDOP) Altitude Height of geoid above WGS84 ellipsoid 05 1.5 280.2, M -34.0, M 5 Satellites are in view Relative accuracy of horizontal position 280.2 meters above mean sea level -34.0 meters No last update No station id Used by program to check for transmission errors

Time since last DGPS update blank DGPS reference station id Checksum blank *75

Global Positioning System Fix Data. Time, position and fix related data for a GPS receiver. eg2. $--GGA,hhmmss.ss,llll.ll,a,yyyyy.yy,a,x,xx,x.x,x.x,M,x.x,M,x.x,xxxx hhmmss.ss = UTC of position llll.ll = latitude of position a = N or S yyyyy.yy = Longitude of position a = E or W x = GPS Quality indicator (0=no fix, 1=GPS fix, 2=Dif. GPS fix) xx = number of satellites in use x.x = horizontal dilution of precision x.x = Antenna altitude above mean-sea-level M = units of antenna altitude, meters x.x = Geoidal separation M = units of geoidal separation, meters

x.x = Age of Differential GPS data (seconds) xxxx = Differential reference station ID 8.4 Format of latitudes and longitudes Where a numeric latitude or longitude is given, the two digits immediately to the left of the decimal point are whole minutes, to the right are decimals of minutes, and the remaining digits to the left of the whole minutes are whole degrees. eg. 4533.35 is 45 degrees and 33.35 minutes. ".35" of a minute is exactly 21 seconds. eg. 16708.033 is 167 degrees and 8.033 minutes. ".033" of a minute is about 2 seconds.