SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS 1. a. b. c. d. 2. a. b. c. d. 3. a. b. c. d. 4. a. b. c. d. 5. a. b. c. d. 6. a. b. c. d. 7. a. b. c. d. 8. a. b. c. d.

The first passive satellite Telstar Early Bird Sputnik I Moon The first active satellite Sputnik I Telstar INTELSAT I Explorer I The first geostationary satellite launched in 1965 is Syncom I Sputnik I Explorer I Early Bird The average lifetime of geosynchronous satellites is about __________ years. 5 10 15 20 A communication satellite is a repeater between A transmitting station and receiving station Many transmitting stations and many receiving stations A transmitting station and many receiving stations Many transmitting stations and a receiving station One of the main applications of satellite communications is monitoring the ecological situation of the earth. This is known as Navigation Surveillance Remote control Remote sensing What vacuum tube used to amplify RF signal for transmission through the downlink to station receiver? Magnetron Klystron Twystron TWT A high power tube used in transmission of RF signal uplink Magnetron Klystron BWO TWT

9. a. b. c. d. 10. a. b. c. d. 11. a. b. c. d. 12. a. b. c. d.

A stage in transponder and downlink system which amplifies the signal and ensuring that noise is suppressed as possible Mixer Demodulator LNA IF amplifier A transponder is a satellite equipment which Receives a signal from earth station and amplifies it Changes the frequency of the received signal Retransmit the received signal All of the above Multiple repeaters in communications satellites are known as Transponders Detectors Modulators Transceivers Satellite-to-satellite link is also called Uplink Downlink Crosslink Weakest link

13. The expression for satellite link frequencies such as 14/12 GHz denotes that a. 12 GHz is the uplink frequency and 14 GHz is the downlink frequency b. the system is operating at a mean frequency of 13 Ghz c. 14 GHz is the uplink frequency and 12 GHz is the downlink frequency d. the 14 GHz frequency is backup for 12 GHz frequency or vice versa 14. The most widely used microwave bands for commercial applications are a. C band and X band b. X band and S band c. C band and Ku band d. S band and Ku band 15. a. b. c. d. At present, the RF band mainly used by most satellites is EHF UHF SHF VHF

16. The required antenna size __________ as the operating frequency of a system increases, assuming that antenna gain remains unchanged. a. Remains the same b. Increases c. Decreases d. All of the above

17. A 20-m antenna gives a certain up-link gain at frequencies of 4/6 GHz. For getting the same gain in 20/30 GHz band, antenna size requires __________ meters. a. 100 b. 4 c. 1 d. 10 18. Orbital disturbances of a geosynchronous satellite are caused by a. Moon b. Sun c. Earth d. All of the above 19. a. b. c. d. Geosynchronous satellites Has the same period as that of the earth Has a circular obit Rotates in the equatorial plane All of the above

b. c. d. 25. a. b. c. d. 26. a. b. c. d.

2 hrs 45 mins 2 hrs 30 mins 3 hrs A satellite, orbiting in a circular orbit, Has constant velocity Has varying velocity Is not moving at all Both a and b What is a descending pass for a satellite? A pass from west to east A pass from east to west A pass from south to north A pass from north to south

27. Satellite rotating in an orbit takes it over the north and south poles is in a. Inclined orbit b. Polar orbit c. Equatorial orbit d. Declined orbit 28. a. b. c. d. 29. a. b. c. d. The farthest point a satellite can reach is Apogee Perigee Altitude Attitude Include all earth stations within line-of-sight path of a satellite Satellite shadow Earth shadow Zonal Global

20. To cover all inhabited regions of the earth, the number of geosynchronous satellites required is a. 5 b. 10 c. 2 d. 3 21. a. b. c. d. A geostationary satellite is one which Hangs motionless in space about 36,000 km above the earth Travels around the earth about 24 hrs. Remains stationary above the earth Appears stationary above the earth

22. Geosynchronous Communication satellites travel around the earth in circular orbits with forward speed of about __________km/hr. a. 100,000 b. 36,000 c. 11,200 d. 22,800 23. The period of the satellite is a. The amount of time it takes for a satellite to complete one orbit b. The point on an orbit where satellite to complete one orbit c. The time it takes the satellite to travel from perigee to apogee d. An orbital arc that extends from 60 degrees west longitude to 145 degrees west longitude 24. What is the satellite's period orbiting in a circular pattern with elevation of 1000 km? a. 1 hr 45 mins

30. The different multiple accesses which permit many satellite users to operate in parallel through a. A Single Transponder Without Interfering With Each other are b. FDMA c. TDMA d. CDMA e. All of the above 31. A digital technology that uses a low power signal spread across a wide bandwidth. With this technology, a phone call is assigned a code instead of a certain frequency. Using identifying code and a low power signal, a large number of channels can used the entire bandwith a. TDMA b. PCDMA c. PMA d. CDMA 32. The use of the same frequency on the same geographical area

a. b. c. d. 33. a. b. c. d.

Frequency reuse Roaming Homing Cellular In selecting a satellite system, the first determining factor is Coverage area EIRP Antenna size Antenna gain

b. c. d.

190 dB 198 dB 189 dB

41. The FDMA technique wherein voice band channels are assigned on as needed" basis. a. PAMA b. DAMA c. SSMA d. CDMA 42. a. b. c. d. A satellite equipped with electronic devices to receive, amplify, convert, and retransmit signals. Passive Active Uplink Downlink

34. The earth's area or region that the satellite can receive from or transmit to a. Footprint b. Skip zone c. Primary area d. Finger print 35. Satellite radiation pattern that covers 1/3 of the earth's surface a. Earth b. Zonal c. Spot d. Global 36. A satellite position is measured by its _________ angle with respect to the horizon. a. Elevation b. Depression c. Azimuth d. Incidence 37. The _________ angle measures the satellite position clockwise from the direction of true North a. Elevation b. Depression c. Azimuth d. Incidence 38. a. b. c. d. 39. a. b. c. d. GPS has a total number satellites equal to 12 24 36 48 How many elliptical orbits does Navstar GPS have? 5 6 7 8

43. An earth station transmits signal to a satellite 38,500 km, directly overhead it. What is the propagation delay when the signal is received back at the same earth station, in milliseconds? a. 257 b. 200 c. 285 d. 185 44. A satellite communication link between Pinugay Earth Station, Philippines and Mt. Fucino Earth Station, Italy is to be established. If the assigned uplink frequency at Pinugay Earth Station is 6175 MHz, what is the downlink frequency at Mt. Fucino Earth Station, in MHz? a. 4545 b. 3950 c. 3789 d. 4200 45. a. b. c. d. "The orbit of any planet is an ellipse with the sun at one focus". This is Kepler's First Law Kepler's Second Law Kepler's Third Law Law of universal Gravitation

46. When a satellite orbits in the opposite direction as the earth's rotation with an angular velocity less than that of the earth a. Orbital b. Prograde c. Retrograde d. Geostationary 47. The actual user information conveyed through the satellite system a. Bus transmission b. Payload

40. What is the free space attenuation of a satellite system operating at 36,000 km above the earth operating at 5 GHz? a. 180 dB

c. d. 48. a. b. c. d. 49. a. b. c. d.

Prograde Retrograde The spatial separation between geosynchronous satellites 1-3 degrees 3-6 degrees 6-8 degrees 8-10 degrees The footprint which covers a very small geographical area. Spot coverage Zonal coverage Earth coverage Regional coverage

b. c. d. 56. a. b. c. d. 57. a. b. c. d.

Hemispheric beam Spot beam Global beam The first Philippine satellite has how many channels? 30 24 48 50 Aguila I has how many transponders? 36 48 24 12

50. The satellite frequency reuse method which sends different information signals using vertical or horizontal electromagnetic polarization a. Multiple coverage areas b. Dual polarization c. Spatial separation d. Spread spectrum 51. a. b. c. d. __________ detects the satellite signal relayed from the feed and converts it to an electric current, amplifies and lower its frequency. Feedhorn Satellite dish Satellite receiver LNA

58. How many satellite orbital slots were requested by the Philippine Government from ITU? a. 2 b. 4 c. 6 d. 8 59. a. b. c. d. The most common device used as an LNA is Zener diode Tunnel diode IMPATT diode Shockley diode

52. Satellites used for intercontinental communications are known as a. Comsat b. Domsat c. Marisat d. Intelsat 53. a. b. c. d. What is the basic function of a communications satellite? To act as a receiving antenna for broadcast FM To compensate for the antenna limitations To eliminate aerodynamic drag To act as a receiving antenna for broadcast AM

60. The radiation patterns of earth coverage antennas have a beamwidth of approximately a. 21degrees b. 5 degrees c. 17 degrees d. 35 degrees 61. a. b. c. d. 62. a. b. c. d. The main power sources for satellites are Batteries Solar cells Fuel cells Thermoelectric generators What is the common up-converter and down-converter IF? 36 MHz 40 MHz 70 MHz 500 MHz

54. What do you call of a satellite used to provide satellite services within a single country? a. Orbital satellite b. Geostationary satellite c. Non-synchronous satellite d. Domestic satellite 55. A satellite beam that covers almost 42.5% of the earth's surface. a. Zone beam

63. When the satellites are spaced 4 degrees of the 360 degrees complete circle, how many parking spaces or orbit slots are available? a. 90 b. 85 c. 95 d. 80

64. The first satellite launched for a geosynchronous orbit but unfortunately lost during orbit injection. a. Syncom I b. Telstar I c. Sputnik I d. Early Bird 65. Geostationary satellites are located _______ with respect to the equator. a. 0 deg longitude b. 0 deg latitude c. 90 deg latitude d. 45 deg latitude 66. Incidentally proposed the geostationary scheme or orbit of satellites in 1940's. a. Clarke b. Gauss c. Morse d. Gray 67. The control routine necessary to keep the satellite in position is referred to as a. Station keeping b. Station tracking c. Station monitoring d. Station maintenance 68. A satellite which simply reflects the signal without further amplification. a. Passive b. Active c. Geostationary d. Posigrade 69. What is the line joining the ascending and descending nodes through the center of the earth? a. Line of apsides b. Line of nodes c. Line of shoot d. Line of sight 70. The line joining the perigee and apogee through the center of the earth. a. Line of sight b. Line of nodes c. Equatorial belt d. Line of apsides

FIBER OPTICS 1. a. b. c. d. 2. a. b. c. d. 3. a. b. c. d. 4. a. b. c. d. 5. a. b. c. d. 6. a. b. c. d. 7. a. b. c. d. 8. a. b. A transparent material along which we can transmit light is called Fiber optics Flashlight An optic fiber Xenon bulb A simple fiber optic system would consist of A light source, an optic fiber and a photoelectric cell A laser, an optic fiber and an LED A copper coaxial cable, a laser and a photoelectric cell An LED, a CRT and a light source Optic fiber is normally made from Coherent glass and xenon Copper Water Silica glass or plastic The following are the advantages of optical fiber system except Greater capacity Crosstalk immunity Safer to handle Lower initial cost of installation Plastic fibers have the following advantages over glass fibers except Flexibility Ease of installation Ruggedness Low attenuation This explains how a light may react when it meets the interface of two transmission materials that have different indices of refraction. Huygens' Law Nyquist's Theorem Snell's Law Quantum Theory In Optical fibers, The core and cladding have the same index of refraction The core and cladding have the same area The core surrounds the cladding The cladding surrounds the core A type of fiber whereby light rays take many paths between the source and the receiver. Monomode Multimode

c. d. 9. a. b. c. d.

Single mode Step index A figure of merit used to measure the light gathering or light collection ability of the optical fiber. Acceptance angle Numerical aperture Acceptance cone Critical angle

a. b. c. d.

30.55 degrees 39.55 degrees 75.2 degrees 40.55 degrees

10. The basic optical fiber communications system consists of the following except a. Optical source b. Photodetector c. Transmission medium d. 48 v power supply 11. a. b. c. d. 12. a. b. c. d. Optical fibers can be made out of Glass Plastic Combination of both Any of these In ________, the core has an index of refraction that changes continuously from the center to the outside. Step index Graded index Monomode Multimode

17. If the refractive index of the core of an optic fiber was 1.47 and that of the cladding was 1.44,the cone of acceptance would have an angle of approximately a. 17.19 degrees b. 72.82 degrees c. 78.4 degrees d. 34.36 degrees 18. a. b. c. d. In free space, light travels at approximately 186000 m/sec 3 x 10exp9 m/sec 300 m/sec 0.3m/nsec

19. Scattering loss is caused by a. Insufficient stirring of the ingredients during manufacture b. Changes in the density of the fiber due to uneven rates of cooling c. Microscopic cracks in the cladding which allow leakage of the vacuum in the core d. Impurities in the fiber 20. Cleaving is the process of a. Removing the cladding before connecting fibers together b. Cutting the end of the fiber in preparation for connecting two fibers c. Cleaning the surface of optic fibers d. Inspecting fibers for flaws 21. a. b. c. d. 22. a. b. c. d. A typical value of insertion loss for a mechanical splice -50 dB 0.2 dB 12 mm 3 dB The speed of light in a transparent material Is always the same regardless of the material chosen Is never greater than the speed of light in free space Increases if the light enters a material with a higher refractive index Is slowed down by a factor of 1 million within the first 60 meters

13. The following are causes of attenuation and loss of optical power within the fiber except a. Microbending loss b. Connector loss c. Splicing loss d. Ohmic loss 14. For a signal to be propagated through the optical fiber, the angle of incidence should be________ the critical angle. a. Greater than b. Less than c. Equal to d. None of these 15. A ray of light in a transparent material of refractive index 1.5 is approaching a material with a refractive index of 1.48. At the boundary, the critical angle is a. 90 degrees b. 9.4 degrees c. 75.2 degrees d. 80.6 degrees 16. The first material has a refractive index of 1.51 and the angle of incidence is 38 degrees and the second material has a refractive index of 1.46. What is the angle of refraction?

23. The following are light detectors in fiber optic communications system except a. ILD b. PIN diode c. APD d. None of these

24. The following are three distinct regions of an optical fiber except a. Core b. Cladding c. Jacket d. Coating 25. The maximum angle in which external light rays may strike the air fiber interface and still propagate down the fiber a. Critical angle b. Acceptance angle c. Numerical aperture d. Beamwidth 26. Which of the following combinations is impossible for optical fibers? a. Plastic core and cladding b. Glass core and cladding c. Plastic core and glass cladding d. Glass core and plastic cladding 27. a. b. c. d. The scientist who coined the term "Fiber Optics" Hopkins Hansel Kapany Van Heel

32. a. b. c. d. 33. a. b. c. d.

Which color has the shortest wavelength of light? Red Yellow Blue Green The loss of signal power as it travels down the fiber is called Dispersion Scattering Absorption Attenuation

34. What is a specific path the light takes in an optical fiber, corresponding to a certain angle and number of reflections? a. Mode b. Grade c. Numerical aperture d. Dispersion 35. The width of the range of wavelengths emitted by light source. a. Bandwidth b. Chromatic dispersion c. Spectral width d. Beamwidth 36. Which theory states that light wave behaves as if it consists of many tiny particles? a. Huygens' b. Nyquist's c. Doppler's d. Quantum 37. a. b. c. d. Fiber optic cables operate at frequencies near 20 MHz 200 MHz 2 GHz 800 THz

28. A technology for carrying many signals of different capacities through a synchronous, flexible optical hierarchy. a. PDH b. SDH c. SONET d. ATM 29. Two digital signals whose transmission occur at almost the same rate are a. Plesiochronous b. Synchronous c. Asyncronous d. Mesochronous 30. a. b. c. d. SONET systems are Twisted pair copper based technology Fiber optic technology Hybrid fiber coax technology Wireless technology

38. When a beam of light enters one medium from another, which quantity will not change? a. Direction b. Speed c. Frequency d. None of these 39. Dispersion caused by the difference in the propagation times of light rays that take different paths down the fiber. a. Material b. Wavelength c. Modal d. Delay

31. The band of light wavelengths that are too long to be seen by the human eye. a. Amber b. Visible c. Infrared d. Ultraviolet

40. A non-coherent light source for optical communications system. a. ILD b. LED c. APD d. PIN diode 41. The numerical aperture of a fiber if the angle of acceptance is 15 degrees is a. 0.17 b. 0.26 c. 0.50 d. 0.75 42. a. b. c. d. 43. a. b. c. d. 44. a. b. c. d. Single frequency light is called Pure Intense Coherent Monochromatic What is the unit of light wavelength? Micron Angstrom Mils Fathom A high speed LAN defined by ANSI using fiber optic cables NTSC SDH FDDI SONET

48. a. b. c. d.

An OTDR is used for Fault location Splice and connector evaluation Loss per unit length measurement All of these

49. The coupling loss due to angular deviation from the optimum alignment of source to the fiber optic cable a. Lateral misalignment b. Gap misalignment c. Angular misalignment d. Numerical aperture loss 50. Which of the following is used to protect the core and the cladding of the fiber? a. Insulation b. Plastic c. Glass d. Kevlar strength members 51. Determine the acceptance angle of light passing to a glass having a refractive index of 1.56 to ethyl having a refractive index of 1.51. a. 17.7 degrees b. 21.3 degrees c. 23 degrees d. 25 degrees 52. Calculate the energy of the photon of infrared light energy at 1.55 um. a. 1.28 x 10exp-19 J b. 1.6 x 10exp19 J c. 1.22 x 10exp-16 J d. 1.9 x 10exp-14 J 53. a. b. c. d. 54. a. b. c. d. The amount of power per unit area in optical fiber is called Irradiance Radiance Reflectance Permeance Light at 1.55 um in air has what energy in eV? 1.2 eV 1 eV 0.6 eV 0.8 eV

45. What is the process of using two or more light sources at different wavelengths each separately modulated with the same fiber? a. SDH b. FDM c. TDM d. WDM 46. The European standard for synchronous transmission over fiber optic networks. a. NTSC b. SDH c. FDDI d. SONET 47. What is the light source typically used in single mode optical fiber? a. Phototransistor b. Laser c. Photoresistor d. LED

55. An object farther from a converging lens than its focal point always has an ____ image. a. Virtual b. The same in size c. Inverted d. Smaller size

56. a. b. c. d. 57. a. b. c. d.

What parts of the body are most sensitive to laser damage? Hair Nails Eye and skin Teeth Who was the first person who actually produced laser light? Maiman Edison Einstein Volta

b. c. d.

62.5 um 125 um 800 to 1550 um

65. A reflection that occurs from a surface whenever there is a sudden change in the refractive index at the end of the fiber. a. Total internal b. Reflection loss c. Fresnel reflection d. Backscatter 66. a. b. c. d. The first device used to transmit voice using light as a carrier Edison bulb Phonograph Photophone Lincompex

58. One of the advantages of fiber optics which is referred to the volume of capacity of signals it can carry. a. Security b. Weight c. Bandwidth d. Physical size 59. a. b. c. d. 1 micron is equal to _____ meters. 10exp-6 10exp-12 10exp-15 10exp-18

67. An elementary quantity of radiant energy which can be considered as particles of light. a. Photons b. Lumens c. Electrons d. Optimons 68. What is the wave or pulse that does not disperse or lose its shape as it propagates through a medium? a. Photon b. Coherent source c. Optimon d. Soliton 69. a. b. c. d. 70. a. b. c. d. Where can one found a fiber to detector connector? Transmitter Receiver LED circuit block Analog transmitter block What skin damage occurs when exposed to laser radiation? Erythema Hematoma Gout Eczema

60. The small proportion of light scattered by Rayleigh scattering which is returned towards the source. a. Optoscatter b. Standing waves c. Return loss d. Backscatter 61. Dispersion caused by different wavelengths contained in the transmitted light. a. Intermodal b. Chromatic c. Optical d. Any of these 62. A ray that always passes through the core axis as it is propagated a. Axial b. Meridional c. Skew d. Direct 63. a. b. c. d. The typical cladding diameter of an optical fiber 8 um 10 to 100 um 125 um 800 to 1550 um

64. The typical core diameter of an optical fiber is a. 8 um