Electronics 1. Swinburnes method most economical and convenient method of testing 2. 3. 0.

.5 - typical value of armature resistance 50 - typical op-amp input impedance / typical surge cable resistance 4. 5. 6. 7. 600 V solid grounding 3.3 kV 11 kV resistance grounding 5 to 10 years shelf life of lithium cells 3 to 8 inches size of silicon before processing 8. 9. -40 dB roll-off (low pass filters) Ramsauers effect absorption of slow moving electrons by interfering matter 10. Bravais lattice shows the location of lattice points 11. Frenkel defect an atom or ion leaves its place in the lattice and becomes an interstitial 12. Vacancy defect an atom is missing from one of the sites 13. single phase motors does not self start 14. Anderson bridge circuit used to identify unknown inductances 15. Maxwell Wien bridge circuit modified version of Anderson bridge circuit 16. Schering bridge circuit used to identify unknown capacitance 17. Wheatstone bridge used to determine unknown resistances ranging from 1 to few M 18. Miller circuit step input to ramp output 19. Phanastron circuit modified version of Miller 20. Zinc and copper used as good electrodes 21. Zinc container cathode part in the dry cell 22. Silver zinc cell used for emergency 23. Weston saturated cell used in large laboratories 24. carbon cannot be used as a magnet 25. glass strongest dielectric

26. double transient energy refers to RLC circuits 27. transient dependent on the instant that the circuit is closed. 28. punch through effect when RB voltage is exceeded and avalanche breakdown occurs. 29. lead acid cell 2.1 V 30. antimony lead alloy sediments found in a lead acid cell 31. transformer coupled load improves Class A efficiency by 50% 32. 95% - amount of current which flows through the collector 33. solar cell photovoltaic cell 34. bundled conductor reduces power loss due to corona 35. corona common in Tx lines; not affected by atmospheric temp. 36. local hot spots di/dt in SCR 37. false triggering dv/dt in SCR 38. IEEE-488 digital interface - is a short-range, digital communications bus specification. 39. RAM combinational logic circuits 40. ROM array 41. cache memory recently accessed data 42. PMOS 6 times slower than NMOS 43. kWh meter recording instrument 44. 1 kWh = 860 kcal 45. Tx limit can be solved by inserting a series capacitance and shunt reactors 46. varactor as RB increases, capacitance decreases 47. temp increase = length increase, stress decrease 48. Schottky diode fast switching 49. triode simplest amplifier diode 50. Nimak gantry positional precision robot 51. Karel Capek coined the word robot 52. J.S. Kilby made the first I.C.

53. Ted Hoff designed the microprocessor in 1969. 54. anthropometric robot most maneuverable robot 55. SCARA used in assembly operation 56. revolute rotational movement 57. prismatic straight movement 58. walk through programming the linear movement of robot 59. 0.5m - thickness of the depletion layer of an unbiased P-N junction 60. 10,000 no. of times a card reader can read 61. 1,000,000 actual gain of an op-amp 62. 4 & 100 inductance of a voice coil / speaker impedance 63. LASCR used as latch, no gate terminal 64. binary counter use a D- flip flop 65. D-flip flop composed of JK, inverter and RS flip flop 66. NAND S=0, C=0 67. NOR S=1, C=1 68. monolithic IC passive and active components undergo one process; used in computers because they are more compact 69. film IC depositing required patterns of passive components 70. thin film spattering / ceramic substrate 71. thick film silk screening / alumina substrate 72. index register used for address modification 73. Hartley tap coil 74. Colpitts tap capacitor 75. Ip/IV- ratio in tunnel diode important in computer applications 76. transputer computer on a chip; operates on parallel processing; 32 bits 77. nonvolatile memory semiconductor rom 78. semiconductor rom combinational logic circuit 79. SCS anode, cathode and 2 gates 80. diac pair of four layer SCR

81. triac behaves like 2 SCR 82. SCR 2 N-type and 2 P-type 83. UJT behaves like diode and 2 resistors 84. induction instrument rotation instrument 85. JFET depletion mode only; square law device (transconductance curve is parabolic) 86. PIN negative resistance diode / thin slice of semiconductor sandwiched between two metal conductors 87. IMPATT microwave device used as oscillator for 10-1000 GHz frequencies 88. bolometer used to measure temperature variations with ref to the changing metallic resistance 89. stroboscope measures speed while flashing at a preset frequency 90. ondograph waveshaping of voltage / current 91. light meter uses lux as unit 92. permeameter measures magnetic characteristics of ferromagnetic substances 93. luminous intensity unit used is candela 94. 0999 maximum number display for a 3 digital meter 95. 1000 V max voltage measured for a resolution of 100mV 3
1/2 1/2

digital meter

96. darlington pair gain is obtained by multiplying the beta values of the transistors; same as voltage gain with an emitter follower 97. class B amp not prone to even order harmonic distortion 98. class C amp most distorted output 99. EAROM degraded every read operation 100. ultraviolet light can erase the contents of an EPROM 101. flip flop belongs to the family of bistable multivibrator 102. SC flip flop used as latch

103. toggle condition distinction of JK flip flop over SC flip flop 104. speed of operation reason why avalanche diode is preferred over PIN diode in optical systems 105. CMRR for a differential amp is infinity 106. source point of reference in JFET 107. thermal neutrons slow neutrons 108. bimetallic strip the thermostat used in irons 109. frequency stability improved by using a tuned circuit 110. gain stability improved by controlling the gain 111. FET similar to thermionic valves 112. deflection sensitivity of CRT dependent on the separation of Y plates 113. carbon has a negative temp coefficient 114. indium cannot be used in doping when convertin an intrinsic to N-type extrinsic 115. Fermi level forbidden gap 116. microprocessor basic units are ALU and control unit 117. all solids have 6 degrees of freedom 118. daisy chaining 119. photodarlington phototransistor and transistor 120. sulphation occurs due to incomplete charging of lead acid cell 121. digital IC discrete change 122. analog IC linear change 123. schottky diode no depletion layers and operate with hot carriers 124. 64 bit word size used on largest computers 125. nickel has high internal resistance 126. lead acid dilute sulphuric acid, sponge rod, lead peroxide 127.

131. Boltzmanns diode constant static V/I characteristics 132. low frequency cut off bypass and coupling capacitor 133. transistor interjunction capacitance parasitic oscillations 134. notch relays impulse repeating 135. ECL very low propagation delay , fastest 136. I L bipolar saturated logic 137. CMOS very compact ; power consumption (in nW range) 138. logic analyzer depends on the maximum input channel 139. push-pull eliminate even order harmonics 140. use of DC motor / stepper motor compared to an ac motor can withstand overload 141. Barkhausen criterion - A1 sustain oscillation 142. phase 0 degree 143. positive feedback regenerative 144. monostable introduced delay propagation 145. astable used as oscillator 146. bistable used as flip flop 147. soft stops servo rotational 148. advantage of non-servo high repeatability, low cost 149. direct coupling less distorted to any frequency response 150. RC coupling low cost and no adjustment 151. transformer coupling minimum loading and minimum mismatch 152. saturation clipping at negative portion 153. cut off clipping at positive portion 154. subroutine high cannot be used as programming test 155. DE MOSFET no pn junction 156. speed links torque and power 157. decade counter 0-9 counter, next rest
2

Ah 1 always Wh

128. trickle charge fresh and fully charged 129. no water is absorbed 130. electronic oscillator always with feedback

158. 4096- 4096 x 1-bit RAM 159. SiO2 isolation in ICs 160. MKS unit for electric field intensity volt per meter 161. excess-3 add 3 in BCD 162. handshaking overcome problems in asynchronous transmission 163. relaxation oscillator interdependent circuit 164. ripple factor determines the filter efficiency of the P.S. 165. fixed bias less stable 166. negative swing Q point at saturation 167. positive swing Q point at cut off 168. bias apply dc voltage at pn junction 169. mica not good conductor 170. LCD has less power requirement compared to LED array 171. cascade amp better BW