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Program Description:
"BEAMANAL" is a spreadsheet program written in MS-Excel for the purpose of analysis of either single-span or continuous-span beams subjected to virtually any type of loading configuration. Four (4) types of single-span beams and two (2) through (5) span, continuous-span beams, considered. Specifically, beam end reactions as well as the maximum moments and deflections are calculated. Plots of both the shear and moment diagrams are produced, as well as a tabulation of the shear, moment, slope, and deflection for the beam or each individual span. Note: this is a metric units version of the original "BEAMANAL.xls" spreadsheet workbook. This program is a workbook consisting of three (3) worksheets, described as follows:
Worksheet Name
Doc Single-Span Beam Continuous-Span Beam
Description
This documentation sheet Single-span beam analysis for simple, propped, fixed, & cantilever beams Continuous-span beam analysis for 2 through 5 span beams
Formulas Used to Determine Shear, Moment, Slope, and Deflection in Single-Span Beams For Uniform or Distributed Loads: Loading functions for each uniform or distributed load evaluated at distance x = L from left end of beam: FvL = -wb*(L-b-(L-e)) + -1/2*(we-wb)/(e-b)*((L-b)^2-(L-e)^2)+(we-wb)*(L-e) FmL = -wb/2*((L-b)^2-(L-e)^2) + -1/6*(we-wb)/(e-b)*((L-b)^3-(L-e)^3)+(we-wb)/2*(L-e)^2 FL = -wb/(6*E*I)*((L-b)^3-(L-e)^3) + -1/(24*E*I)*(we-wb)/(e-b)*((L-b)^4-(L-e)^4)+(we-wb)/(6*E*I)*(L-e)^3 FL = -wb/(24*E*I)*((L-b)^4-(L-e)^4) + -1/(120*E*I)*(we-wb)/(e-b)*((L-b)^5-(L-e)^5)+(we-wb)/(24*E*I)*(L-e)^4 Loading functions for each uniform or distributed load evaluated at distance = x from left end of beam: If x >= e: Fvx = -wb*(x-b-(x-e)) + -1/2*(we-wb)/(e-b)*((x-b)^2-(x-e)^2)+(we-wb)*(x-e) Fmx = -wb/2*((x-b)^2-(x-e)^2) + -1/6*(we-wb)/(e-b)*((x-b)^3-(x-e)^3)+(we-wb)/2*(x-e)^2 Fx = -wb/(6*E*I)*((x-b)^3-(x-e)^3) + -1/(24*E*I)*(we-wb)/(e-b)*((x-b)^4-(x-e)^4)+(we-wb)/(6*E*I)*(x-e)^3 Fx = -wb/(24*E*I)*((x-b)^4-(x-e)^4) + -1/(120*E*I)*(we-wb)/(e-b)*((x-b)^5-(x-e)^5)+(we-wb)/(24*E*I)*(x-e)^4 else if x >= b: Fvx = -wb*(x-b) + -1/2*(we-wb)/(e-b)*(x-b)^2 else: Fvx = 0 Fmx = -wb/2*(x-b)^2 + -1/6*(we-wb)/(e-b)*(x-b)^3-(x-e)^3 else: Fmx = 0 Fx = -wb/(6*E*I)*(x-b)^3 + -1/(24*E*I)*(we-wb)/(e-b)*(x-b)^4 Fx = 0 else: Fx = -wb/(24*E*I)*(x-b)^4 + -1/(120*E*I)*(we-wb)/(e-b)*(x-b)^5 Fx = 0 else: For Point Loads: Loading functions for each point load evaluated at distance x = L from left end of beam: FvL = -P FmL = -P*(L-a) FL = -P*(L-a)^2/(2*E*I) FL = P*(L-a)^3/(6*E*I) Loading functions for each point load evaluated at distance = x from left end of beam: If x > a: Fvx = -P else: Fmx = -P*(x-a) else: Fx = -P*(x-a)^2/(2*E*I) else: Fx = P*(x-a)^3/(6*E*I) else: For Applied Moments: Loading functions for each applied moment evaluated at distance x = L from left end of beam: FvL = 0 FmL = -M FL = -M*(L-c)/(E*I) FL = M*(L-c)^2/(2*E*I) Loading functions for each applied moment evaluated at distance = x from left end of beam: If x >= c: Fvx = 0 else: Fmx = -M else: Fx = -M*(x-c)/(E*I) else: Fx = M*(x-c)^2/(2*E*I) else:
Fvx = 0 Fmx = 0 Fx = 0 Fx = 0
Formulas Used to Determine Shear, Moment, Slope, and Deflection (continued) Initial summation values at left end (x = 0) for shear, moment, slope, and deflection: Simple beam: Vo = -1/L*(FmL) Mo = 0 o = 1/L*(FL)+L/(6*E*I)*(FmL) o = 0 Propped beam: Vo = -3*E*I/L^3*(FL)-3*E*I/L^2*(FL) Mo = 0 o = 3/(2*L)*(FL)+1/2*(FL) 0 Fixed beam: Vo = -12*E*I/L^3*(FL)-6*E*I/L^2*(FL) Mo = 6*E*I/L^2*(FL)+2*E*I/L*(FL) o = 0 o = 0 Cantilever beam: Vo = 0 Mo = 0 o = -(FL) o = -(FL)-L*(FL) Summations of shear, moment, slope, and deflection at distance = x from left end of beam: Shear: Moment: Slope: Deflection: Vx = Vo+(Fvx) Mx = Mo+Vo*x+(Fmx) x = o+Mo*x/(E*I)+Vo*x^2/(2*E*I)+(Fx) x = -(o-o*x-Mo*x^2/(2*E*I)-Vo*x^3/(6*E*I)+(Fx)
o =
Reference: "Modern Formulas for Statics and Dynamics, A Stress-and-Strain Approach" by Walter D. Pilkey and Pin Yu Chang, McGraw-Hill Book Company (1978)
"Three-Moment Theory" Used for Continuous-Span Beam Analysis: The "Three-Moment" Equation is valid for any two (2) consecutive spans as follows: Ma*L1/I1+2*(Mb)*(L1/I1+L2/I2)+Mc*L2/I2 = -6*(FEMab*L1/(6*I1)+FEMba*L1/(3*I1))-6*(FEMbc*L2/(3*I2)+FEMcb*L2/(6*I2)) =-(FEMab+2*FEMba)*L1/I1-2*(FEMbc+FEMcb)*L2/I2 where: Ma = internal moment at left support Mb = internal moment at center support Mc = internal moment at right support L1 = length of left span I1 = moment of inertia for left span L2 = length of right span I2 = moment of inertia for right span FEMab = total Fixed-End-Moment for left end of left span FEMba = total Fixed-End-Moment for right end of left span FEMbc = total Fixed-End-Moment for left end of right span FEMcb = total Fixed-End-Moment for right end of right span N = actual number of beam spans "Dummy" spans are used to model the left end and right end support conditions for the beam. A pinned end is modeled as a very flexible span (very long length and very small inertia). A fixed end is modeled as a very stiff span (very short length and very large inertia). Thus, the theoretical number of spans used is = N + 2. By writing an equation for each pair of consecutive spans and introducing the known values (usually zero) of end moments, a system of (N+1) x (N+1) simultaneous equations can be set up to solve for the unknown support moments.
Note:
Reference: AISC Manual of Steel Construction - Allowable Stress Design (ASD) - 9th Edition (1989), page 2-294
For Simple, Propped, Fixed, or Cantilever Beams (Metric Units Version) Subject: Originator:
c
Simple Beam Propped Beam Fixed Beam
Beam Data: Span Type? Simple Span, L = 6.0000 m Modulus, E = 200000 MPa Inertia, I = 16274.65 cm^4 Beam Loadings: Full Uniform: w = 0.7300 Distributed:
#1: #2: #3: #4: #5: #6: #7: #8:
b a +P +wb E,I L x RR +M
+we ###
###
+w ###
### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ###
0.9600 1.6800 2.8800 3.3600 3.6000 4.0800 4.8000 5.2800 5.5200
RL
Nomenclature
End
Start
b (m)
wb (kN/m)
e (m)
we (kN/m)
Results: Reactions (kN and kN-m): RL = 46.69 RR = 46.69 ML = N.A. MR = N.A. Max. Moments (kN-m) and Locations (m): +M(max) = 136.79 @x= 3.000 -M(max) = 0.00 @x= 0.000 Max. Deflections (mm) and Locations (m): -(max) = -12.683 @x= 3.000 +(max) = 0.000 @x= 0.000 (ratio) = L/473 Shear Diagram
Point Loads:
#1: #2: #3: #4: #5: #6: #7: #8: #9: #10: #11: #12: #13: #14: #15:
a (m) 3.0000
P (kN) 89.00
Shear (kN)
Moment Diagram
160.0 140.0
x (m)
Moments:
#1: #2: #3: #4:
c (m)
M (kN-m)
Moment (kN-m)
0.0000
0.4800
0.7200
1.2000
2.4000
3.6000
4.8000
5.5200
0.2400
0.9600
1.4400
1.6800
1.9200
2.1600
2.6400
2.8800
3.1200
3.3600
3.8400
4.0800
4.3200
4.5600
5.0400
5.2800
5.7600
### ###
x (m)
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6.0000
###
6.0000
0.0000
0.2400
0.4800
0.7200
1.2000
1.4400
1.9200
2.1600
2.4000
2.6400
3.1200
3.8400
4.3200
4.5600
5.0400
5.7600
###
For Two (2) through Five (5) Span Beams (Metric Units Version) Subject: Originator:
Checker:
c e a +P
Beam Data: No. Spans, N = 2 Left End = Pinned Right End = Pinned Modulus, E = 200000 Span Data and Loadings: Span Data: Span, L (m) = Inertia, I (cm^4) = Full Uniform: w (kN/m) =
+M +wb
+we +w
Span #1
Span #2 2 2 Span 2 3
Span #3 4
Span #4 5
Span #5 6
E,I VL x
L VR
Summary of Results for Entire 2-Span Beam: CALCULATIONS: Support Moments: Support Reactions: 0.00 M1 = R1 = 32.85 kN For Full Uniform Load, w kN-m Functions Evaluated at x = L M2 = -65.70 kN-m R2 = 109.50Loading kN 0.00 M3 = R3 = 32.85 kN kN-m Points: M4 = --R4 = --kN-m kN Span #1 FEM(L): ----M5 = R5 = kN-m kN Span #1 FEM(R): ----M6 = R6 = kN-m kN Span #2 FEM(L): Maximum Moments in Beam: Span #2 FEM(R): 2.250 m Span +M(max) = 36.96 kN-m @x= (Span#3 #1) FEM(L): -M(max) = -65.70 kN-m @x= 6.000 mSpan (Span #3 #1) FEM(R): Maximum Deflections in Beam: Span #4 FEM(L): -(max) = -3.148 mm 2.520 mSpan @x= (Span #4 #1) FEM(R): +(max) = 0.000 mm 0.000 m Span @x= (Span#5 #1) FEM(L): (ratio) = L/1906 Span #5 FEM(R):
W44x248
Span #4
Span #5
End
Start
End
Start
End
Start
End
Ln/In:
Distributed:
#1: #2: #3: #4: #5: #6: #7: #8:
b (m)
wb (kN/m)
e (m)
we (kN/m)
b (m)
wb (kN/m)
e (m)
we (kN/m)
b (m)
wb (kN/m)
e (ft.)
we (kN/m)
b (m)
wb (kN/m)
e (m)
we (kN/m)
b (m)
wb (kN/m)
e (m)
we (kN/m)
2*(Ln/In+L(n+1)/I(n+1))
MnL+2*MnR, 2*MnL+MnR:
c1
### W40x362 For 2 Spans: ###
Point Loads:
#1: #2: #3: #4: #5: #6: #7: #8: #9: #10: #11: #12: #13: #14: #15:
a (m)
P (kN)
a (m)
P (kN)
a (m)
P (kN)
a (m)
P (kN)
a (m)
P (kN)
Moments:
#1: #2: #3: #4:
c (m)
M (kN-m)
c (m)
M (kN-m)
c (m)
M (kN-m)
c (m)
M (kN-m)
c (m)
M (kN-m)
M3 = M4 = M2 = M3 = M4 = M5 =
0.00
kN
0.00 -32.85
kN-m
0.00
kN
0.00
kN-m
M3 = M4 =
---
M5 = M6 =
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