Updated U d t d Procedures for Commercial Building Energy Audits

www.kw-engineering.com

Jim Kelsey, PE kW Engineering

What well cover

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Background of ASHRAEs ASHRAE s Procedures Procedures

for Commercial Building Energy Audits Quick Qu c Summary Su a y of o Audit ud Levels e es Putting together a successful audit implementation p team What to look for in the audit Technical points to look for Balancing costs, accuracy & time spent p The future. What next?

Energy gy Audits are like p photography g p y

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Everybody thinks they can do it Tools are cheap and available Producing a product is easy But results may vary

In fact, a lot of skills and experience are needed to ensure that recommendations are cost effective, technically feasible, and result in significant energy sa ings savings

Background g
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86% of building g construction expenditures are on existing buildings If were to get to net zero we need t address to dd audits dit i in existing i ti b buildings ildi There is a lack of industry standardization on audit methods Need for a common vocabulary & Standardized methods 2004 Publication referenced by LEED EBOM Commercial PACE Programs Proposed ASHRAE Std 100 (2012?)

San Francisco Ordinance

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All commercial buildings g to submit energy gy usage g data annually and conduct energy audits every 5 years* Annual Energy Benchmark Summary (AEBS) report submitted b itt d annually ll using i EPA ENERGY STAR P Portfolio tf li Manager
Building Size Audit Level* Required ASHRAE Level 1 - Walk-through Analysis ASHRAE Level 2 - Energy Survey / Engineering Analysis

5,000-49,999 sq ft 50,000+ sq ft

*See www.sfbos.org/ftp/uploadedfiles/bdsupvrs/ordinances11/o0017-11.pdf

Highlights g g of what was added 2nd Ed

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Much more info on how how to to do audits Importance of team building & human factors Summary of measurement approaches Lifecycle cost approaches Excel templates Checklists

Greatly expanded how to sections

200 180 160 140 pages 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 2004 Version 2011 Version
* This is placeholder cover design actual is not yet final

Level Definitions "How To" Forms

ASHRAE Energy gy Assessment Levels

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Minor changes in Level Definitions Removed requirement for analysis of no-cost

a d low-cost and o cos measures easu es u under de Level e e 1 Levels I, II, and III have become 1,2 and 3 Added summary table to make levels clearer

Preliminary Energy U A Use Analysis l i

Calculate kBTU/sf Compare to similar

Level 1: Walk-through
Rough Costs and Savings for EEMs Identify Capital Projects

Level 2: Energy gy Survey y & Analysis y

End-use Breakdown Detailed Analysis Cost & Savings for EEMs O&M Changes

Level 3: Detailed Survey & Analysis

Refined analysis Additional Measurements Hourly Simulation 9

Process Conduct Preliminary Energy Analysis (PEA) Conduct walk-through survey Identify low-cost/no-cost low cost/no cost recommendations Identify capital improvements Review M&E design, condition and O&M practices Measure key parameters Analyze y capital p measures ( (savings g & costs including g interaction) ) Meet with owner/operators to review recommendations Conduct additional testing/monitoring Perform detailed system modeling Provided schematic layouts for recommendations Report Estimate savings from utility rate change Compare EUI to that of similar sites Summarize utility y data Estimate savings if EUI met target Estimate low/cost / no-cost savings Perform detailed end-use breakdown Estimate capital project costs and savings C Complete l t b building ildi d description i ti and d equipment i ti inventory t General description of considered measures Recommended M&V method Financial analysis of recommended EEMs Detailed description of recommended measures Detailed EEM cost estimates 10

Level 2

3 3

Level Le el 1

Level Summary

Preliminary y Energy gy Use Analysis y ( (PEA) )

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Done p prior to site visit Required 1st step for Level 1 audit Compile billing data Calculate Energy Use Intensity (EUI) kBTU/sf or MJ / m2 Compare to similar buildings Energy Star / CBECs Energy E IQ (www.energyiq.lbl.gov) ( i lbl ) Your portfolio (dont (don t forget to correct for weather, schedules, etc.)

Preliminary y Energy gy Analysis y

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Pe ercent of Building Stock k

50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%

Your Building = 80 kBTU/ft2

20

40

60

80

100

Building Energy Use Intensity (kBTU/ft2 or MJ/m2)

Level 1- Walk-through g
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Process

Conduct Preliminary Energy Analysis

(PEA)

Conduct walk walk-through through survey Identify low-cost/no-cost

recommendations

Identify capital improvements

Report (brief)

E ti t savings Estimate i f from utility tilit rate t change h Compare EUI to that of similar sites Summarize utility data Estimate savings if EUI met target

Level 2 Energy gy Survey y and Analysis y

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Level 2 Energy gy Survey y and Analysis y

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Process

Detailed site visit Review M&E design, condition and O&M practices Measure key parameters Analyze capital measures ( (savings i & costs t i including l di interaction) Meet with owner/operators to review i recommendations d ti

Level 2 Energy gy Survey y and Analysis y

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Report

Estimate low/cost / no-cost savings Perform detailed end-use end use breakdown Estimate capital project costs and savings Complete building description and equipment inventory General G ld description i ti of f considered measures Recommended M&V method Financial analysis of recommended EEMs

End Use Allocation

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EndUse Lights MiscEquip SpaceHeating SpaceCooling P Pumps Fans DHW TotalEstimated HistoricalBilling PercentofActual Totalpersqft

kWh 85,668 145,457

therms

kBTU 292,300 496,300

% 14% 23% 39% 13% 0% 8% 3% % 100%

8,336 78,605 645 52,550 547 362,925 366,455 99% 11.9 8,883 9,217 96% 0.3

833,600 268,200 2 200 2,200 179,300 54,700 , 2,126,600 2,172,044 98% 69.5

Detailed End Use Allocation

Fans 8% Pumps 0% Space Cooling 13% DHW 3% Lights 14%

Misc Equip 23%

Space Heating 39% 18

The Energy gy Balance

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AKA Utility Bill Calibration, Energy Use Allocation Idea is fundamental baseline energy estimates
should match bills If they dont, you dont understand the building If this isnt done, you run risk i k of f overestimating savings

EEM Summary Table

NRG Geeks Inc.
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Level 3 Detailed Analysis y

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Level 2 and then some

Process Additional testing / monitoring Detailed system modeling Schematic layouts for recommendations

Level 3 Additional Scope p & Value

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Level 2 and then some

Report Detailed description of recommended measures Detailed EEM cost estimates LCCA

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Approaches to date have missed human factors

Team building is key to audit &
implementation success

Seek involvement with key players at site Let folks do what theyre good at Leave site staff with the knowledge to follow through

Dont believe everything you hear

Site inspections with staff can be misleading Your questions may be threatening

Building g a Balanced Team

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Committed management Engaged financial staff who

understand risks and rewards Trained building engineers Trusted contractors and vendors Utility account representatives Engaged E d and di informed f db building ildi occupants t Trained and experienced energy auditor

Costs vs. Accuracy y

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Energy auditing seeks to strike a

balance between time spent and the value returned Important to allow flexibility to seek best return on time Too little effort may result in less identified potential p Too much effort gilded lilies and science projects p j

How to Hire an Energy gy Auditor

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Use either Competitive Bidding or Sole-source Sole source

Using sole-source can be quicker, but competitive bids may result in a lower price Consider effect of price on results. Low price may not be best choice

What to look for from a good auditing firm:

References, work samples, and
resumes of key y staff members Professional certifications Vendor-neutral Solution-neutral

What to ask for in an audit report p

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Actionable recommendations Realistic treatment of rates Transparent p analysis y Guidance to more resources Reasonable savings g estimates Reasonable cost estimates Analysis y of interactive effects Measurements of key input variables Monitoring g of baseline p performance Hourly modeling

Top p 10 to check in an energy gy audit

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1. 1 2. 3. 4 4. 5.

Proposed measures are feasible and appropriate for the building Proposed measures meet /exceed applicable building codes Data are internally consistent Savings estimate methods follow established principles and methods Energy savings estimates are reasonable compared to quick estimates and historical energy use 6 Proposed cost estimates are reasonable relative to field experience 6. 7. Cost savings adequately treat utility rates 8. Interactions between EEMs are identified and addressed 9 Recommendations and report meet the project scope 9. scope, goals goals, and clients needs 10. Financial discussion includes current and viable mechanisms available per the tax structure, location, and motivations of the client

New Resources
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Live Excel - customizable Preliminary Energy Analysis Template Energy Efficiency Measure Summary Table Template Template Forms Measure checklists Complete IEA Energy Process Assessment P t Protocol l handbook h db k

Conclusions / Future Work

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There Theres s a lot of new material that provides a

good foundation for best practices Still much S uc to o add to o make a e this s 2nd ed edition o publication comprehensive

More detail on modeling and analytical methods Additional treatment of Cx and RCx

We need an audit standard

BEAP certification
will help

Questions?
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Contact: Jim Kelsey, P.E. kelsey@kw-engineering.com

www.ashrae.org/bookstore www kw-engineering www.kw engineering.com/audits com/audits