Classroom Observation: Report 2

Teacher Observed: G
Observer: Alejandra de Antoni
Date: May 19th 2009

Observation Task taken from “Classroom Observation Tasks”

(Cambridge University Press)

“The very Process of Observation stimulates self-reflection, as if

Observing were a kind of Mirroring.”
(Classroom Power, Classroom Observation Tasks)

Class: 1st Year Intermediate (C School, Buenos Aires City, Argentina)

Number of Learners: about 25
Age: 12/13 years old
Length of Lesson: 40 minutes
Level: Elementary+ / Pre-intermediate
Observer: Alejandra de Antoni
Teacher Observed: G

During the lesson, I answered 23 questions as regards “power” in the classroom,

i.e. who decides (the teacher, the students or both?) upon the different elements
that play a role in classroom management.

Classroom Observation Tasks; Classroom Power; During the Lesson

T: teacher
Ss: students
1. T
2. T

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 Classroom Observation: Report 2
Teacher Observed: G
Observer: Alejandra de Antoni
Date: May 19th 2009
3. T
4. T
5. Students (at the beginning of the course)
6. T & Ss
7. T
8. T % Ss
9. T (in fact, pairs weren’t created, they worked with their partners)
10. T
11. T
12. T
13. T
14. T
15. T
16. T
17. T & Ss
18. T & Ss
19. Ss
20. T
21. T & Ss
22. T & Ss (It was a collaborative correction as a whole class)
23. Ss (The teacher asked them if they wanted to do the writing at home
because they were getting really restless and they answered that they
wanted to do it in class so as not to do it on their own. Even though the T
was not really asking them about the homework, they actually decided upon
it because they were not given another activity instead)

After the lesson, I will answer some questions (See Appendix) so as to analyse the
results of the previous questionnaire.

1. The general tendency is that the teacher is in charge of the decision-making

of the classroom most of the times. It does not surprise me at all because it’s
the general tendency in large courses (especially secondary school). When it
comes to large course and, on top of that, teenagers it’s very difficult to give
them the freedom to decide upon the homework, the language topics, the
activities and the materials, for example. Unless the students are really
eager to learning English and can commit themselves towards that goal, it is
very difficult for the teacher to “let them be.” Furthermore, since the teacher
is working in and for an institution, it is necessary for her to comply with
certain rules and standards.
2. What value is there in letting students…

o Choose the topics of the lesson? Well, it’s an excellent way of raising
students’ interests for they will be working on topics they are concerned
about. However, this was not the case in this lesson. The topics were
chosen by the teacher probably because of a need to comply with the
syllabus.
o Choose the seating arrangement? I think it’s really important for the
students to feel that not everything is in the hands of the teacher. It is
also a good way of improving pair and group work for they will certainly
work better with the ones they get on well with. However, this might lead
to excessive and unwanted chatting. But, as it always happens in life,
there are risks that we have to be ready to face.
o Write on the board? Writing on the board, I think, is a great of opportunity
for the students to show what they have done. It’s something that, in
some way, makes them feel they are “like” the teacher because of being
able to write on the board (something that, in general, is reserved
exclusively for teachers).

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 Classroom Observation: Report 2
Teacher Observed: G
Observer: Alejandra de Antoni
Date: May 19th 2009
o Choose the homework? It’s a great way of being sure that they will do it!
Most students hate homework so a perfect way of making them do it (we
do need them to do some extra practise at home!) is asking them to
choose or design the activities (always under our supervision and, of
course, keeping in mind that our reason for giving them homework is to
make them practise. What we are doing is not leaving aside our aim but
trying to find a way of motivating them to do their work).
3. Language used by students during the lesson.

If students were given the opportunity (in the context of this particular classroom)
to explore issues of their own interest; give their own explanations of language as
they understand it; answer some of each other’s questions and repeat and clarify
something for their peers, I think that the following will happen:

o Since students’ level is not advanced enough for discussing topics of

their choice, they will be forced to find out ways of adapting real material
to make it more comprehensible for them. However, realistic material can
sometimes be frustrated in the sense that they may not be able to
understand and cope with it. Therefore, to avoid students’ use of their
mother tongue to talk about the chosen topics, the teacher needs to help
and provide them with comprehensible material about the topics for
them to be able to discuss them in English. It is widely known that, when
interested and motivated, students learn more easily. If we want to profit
from this, we have to be aware of the amount and difficulty of extra work
we will have to do to provide them with comprehensible material. It’s a
very demanding job but a very rewarding one.
o In the case of students’ explanations of language, I think that, even
though they are not proficient enough to express most of them in
English, it’s worth trying! In my personal opinion, I believe that a
student’s own explanation of a language form is really more
understandable for their peers than one given by the teacher provided
that it has been previously checked and approved by the teacher. When
students are immersed in the analysis and understanding of the
language they can come up with excellent accounts and explanations! 
o In this particular lesson, both the teacher and the students answered the
students’ questions. I think it’s a great idea to have students answer
each other’s questions. As it is the case in real life, we do not always get
answers from the same person all the time. On the contrary, we always
ask different questions to different people and, since we want a
communicative classroom, the same should happen in the lesson.
Therefore, it will be quite unnatural to ask all the questions to the teacher
(even though it is true that the one teaching the language is the teacher
not the students). Having students answer each other’s questions is an
excellent tool for the teacher to raise their confidence and their concern
about what they are learning.

4. A shift in power:

I think that a shift in power (the students’ having more power than the teacher) will
bring about changes both in learning processes and possible outcomes. The main
characteristics of a classroom in which the students’ are in power will be that it will
become an independent one (in contrast with one dependent on the teacher) and
that its outcomes will definitely be original and unpredictable ones (if the students
decide what to do, how to do it and when to do it the teacher will have no influence
and control at all on the results). The main challenge in having such a classroom is
how to make sure that students learn what they have to learn when they have to
learn it. Such an independent classroom can only be achieved when there is not
time constraint and there is not syllabus to comply with. When classroom activity is

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 Classroom Observation: Report 2
Teacher Observed: G
Observer: Alejandra de Antoni
Date: May 19th 2009
restricted by the clock and a syllabus negotiation must take place. The fact that
there is a syllabus to follow does not mean that the teacher has the power. There
can always be negotiations between the teacher and the students as regards what
to do, how to do it and when to do it keeping in mind the time and topic constraints.

5. Teachers and crucial decision-making:

Some teachers feel reluctant to let go some decision-making. But why? I think that,
even though some would argue that the teacher must be the only one in power,
some others would say that, sometimes, they have to decide upon certain things
because they have a syllabus to comply with. Again, I think that negotiation is
crucial in this issue. We know that certain topics need to be covered but what we
are not told is how they should be covered. So it is there that we give our students
the power to decide. There are some things that we have to comply with but there
are always some others that can be put in our students’ hands.

6. Risks in handing over some decision-making:

The most evident risk when handing over decision-making is that it makes lessons
unpredictable, spontaneous and what can be planned is reduced. I think it’s great
when you give different groups of students the same activity and you receive
different outcomes! It means that you gave them the possibility of doing something
personal and unique while, at the same time, they were practising the target
language. The main problem comes when you want them to practise something in
particular (a tense, for instance) and you cannot control the volume of practice they
get with the activity. Sometimes it is very difficult for us to risk practice and
accuracy when we know that there is very little time for them to learn what they
have to.

7. Who takes the decisions in the classroom? A cross-cultural issue:

Whenever there is a clash between the students’ and the teacher’s beliefs as
regards classroom power, I think that the best way of dealing with it is talking about
it. If I had students that believe that I should take all the decisions all the time, I
would let them know why I think it is also important for them to be able to decide on
certain matters. I would talk to them about the different issues I discussed in the
previous questions and let them know why I believe in the need for their getting
involved in the decisions and would also ask them what they think about my beliefs
and what their own beliefs are.

8. Learner-generated material. A source of development for the teacher?

Using material created by students is, above all, a way of praising our students’
work. Students love it when their works are used and read by others since it makes
them feel they did a great job. For the teacher, using their students’ materials is a
way of realising that we are not “Gods” of the language but merely guides in our
students’ path towards learning English and providers in our students search for
different ways of going through that path. It helps us develop as both professionals
and people.

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 Classroom Observation: Report 2
Teacher Observed: G
Observer: Alejandra de Antoni
Date: May 19th 2009
Finally, after analysing this particular lesson, here comes the reflection.
What did I learn from this experience?

Classroom Observation Tasks; Classroom Power; Reflection

I generally share some decision-making with my students. I don’t generally let them
decide everything simply because there are some things that have to be done in a
certain period of time (this is related to what I explained in points 5 and 6 above).
Of course I know that there are certain aims that we should achieve in a certain
period of time but, at the same time, I know that we can sometimes negotiate the
way in which we are going to do so. I know that sometimes I put at risk some short-
term goals (for instance, practising a certain language topic in a given activity)
while letting them decide on the way they will carry out an activity or the topics
they are going to talk about. It’s definitely more demanding and risky for us to hand
over power but, in the end, it is a lot more rewarding because they will not only
enjoy what they are doing but they will also remember it! The key is M & M:
Motivating and Memorable!

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 Classroom Observation: Report 2
Teacher Observed: G
Observer: Alejandra de Antoni
Date: May 19th 2009
APPENDIX: Classroom Observation Tasks; Classroom Power; After the Lesson