BREEAM HEA01 - Daylight PDF

(EALTHAND7ELLBEING
(EA6ISUALCOMFORT
No. of cred|ts ava||ab|e: u||d|ng type dependent
M|n|mum standards: Yes (cr|ter|on 1 on|y)
A|m
1o ensure daylighting, artiIicial lighting and occupant controls are considered at the design
stage to ensure best practice visual perIormance and comIort Ior building occupants.
Assessment cr|ter|a
1his issue is split into Iive parts:
zPre-requisite
zOaylighting (1-2 credits) - building type dependent
zGlare control and view out (1-2 credits) building type dependent
zlnternal and external lighting (1 credit)
zVisual Arts (1 credit) Healthcare building types only
1he Iollowing is required to demonstrate compliance Ior:
Pre-requ|s|te
1. All Iluorescent and compact Iluorescent lamps are Iitted with high Irequency ballasts.
Day||ght|ng
2. Relevant building areas meet good practice daylighting criteria as Iollows:
Area type Credits Oaylight
Iactor
required
Area (m
2
) to
comply
Other requirements
Preschools, schools, Iurther
education
Occupied spaces
1 2% 80% Ll1HLR (a) OR (b) and
(c) in the table below
Higher education
Occupied spaces
1 2% 60%
Higher education
Occupied spaces
2 2% 80%
Healthcare buildings
StaII and public areas
2 2% 80% N/A
Healthcare buildings Occupied
patient's areas (dayrooms,
wards) and consulting rooms
3% 80% N/A
Health andWellbeingHea 01 Visual comIortPage 64
Page 6SHea 01 Visual comIortHealth andWellbeing
Iactor
required
Area (m
2
) to
comply
Other requirements
Multi-residential buildings
Kitchen
1 2% 80% N/A
Living rooms, dining rooms,
studies (inc home oIIice)
1.S% 80% N/A
Non residential/communal
occupied spaces
2% 80% Ll1HLR (a) OR (b) and
Multi-residential buildings 80% oI the working plane in each kitchen, living
room, dining room and study (including any room
designated as a home oIIice under HLA 20-Home
OIIice Code Ior Sustainable Homes) must have a
view oI the sky.
Retail buildings (sales areas) 1 - 3S% Point daylight Iactors
oI 2% or more
Retail buildings (other
occupied areas)
Court, lndustrial, OIIice, Prison buildings and all other building types
Occupied spaces unless
indicated below
Cells and custody cells 1.S% 80% None
lnternal association/atrium
area (prison buildings only)
3% 80% Ll1HLR a uniIormity
ratio oI at least 0.7 OR
a minimum point
daylight Iactor oI
2.1%
Patient care spaces 3% 80% N/A
1eaching, lecture and seminar
spaces
2% 80% Ll1HLR (a) OR (b) and
Retail spaces - 3S% Point daylight Iactors
oI 2% or more
1able S-1: Good practice daylighting criteria
ReI Criteria
(a) A uniIormity ratio oI at least 0.4 or a minimum point daylight Iactor oI at least 0.8%
(spaces with glazed rooIs, such as atria, must achieve a uniIormity ratio oI at least 0.7
or a minimum point daylight Iactor oI at least 1.4%)
Oue to particular lighting issues in teaching spaces the uniIormity ratio can be
reduced to 0.3 as deIined in 8887 Lnvironmental Oesign Standard
1
(this deviation
Irom the criteria can only be considered in circumstances where 8887 is applicable).
(b) A view oI sky Irom desk height (0.7m) is achieved
(c) 1he room depth criterion d/w d/HW < 2/(1-R8) is satisIied.
Where:
d - room depth,
w - room width,
HW - window head height Irom Iloor level,
R8 - average reIlectance oI surIaces in the rear halI oI the room,
Note: 1able S-2 (see Additional lnIormation) gives maximum room depths in metres
Ior diIIerent room widths and window head heights oI sidelit rooms
Page 67Hea 01 Visual comIortHealth andWellbeing
G|are contro|, v|ev out and |nterna| and externa| ||ght|ng
8uilding type Glare control and view out
requirements 1 credit
lnternal and external lighting 1
credit
Relevant areas in
all buildings
Cl are control
1he potential Ior disabling glare has
been designed out oI all relevant
building areas either through
building layout (e.g. low eaves)
and/or building design (e.g. blinds,
brise soleil, bioclimatic design that
provides shading Irom high level
summer and low level winter sun).
1he glare control strategy should be
developed in tandem with the
lighting strategy to ensure that
glare is minimised whilst avoiding
potential conIlict with the lighting
control systems, thereIore avoiding
higher than expected energy
consumption.
Vi ew out
All positions within relevant
building areas are within 7m oI a
wall which has a window or
permanent opening that provides
an adequate view out. 1he
window/opening must be 20% oI
the surrounding wall area.
Where the room depth is greater
than the 7m requirement,
compliance is only possible where
the percentage oI
window/opening is the same as or
greater than the values in table 1.0
oI 8S 8206
2
.
| nternal l i ghti ng
llluminance (lux) levels in all internal
relevant building areas oI the
building are speciIied in accordance
with the Cl8SL Code Ior Lighting
2009
3
and any other relevant
industry standard.
lor areas where computer screens
are regularly used, the lighting
design complies with Cl8SL Lighting
Guide 7
4
sections 3.3, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8
and 4.9. 1his gives recommendations
highlighting:
1. Limits to the luminance oI the
luminaires, to avoid screen
reIlections. (ManuIacturers'
data Ior the luminaires should
be sought to conIirm this).
2. lor up-lighting, the
recommendations reIer to the
luminance oI the lit ceiling
rather than the luminaire, a
design team calculation is
usually required to
demonstrate this.
3. Recommendations Ior direct
lighting, ceiling illuminance,
and average wall illuminance.
Lxternal l i ghti ng
1. llluminance levels Ior lighting in
all external areas within the
construction zone are speciIied
in accordance with 8SS489-
1:2003A2:2008 Lighting oI
roads and public amenity
areas
S
.
2. ln oIIice areas, zones oI no
more than Iour workplaces
(see also Compliance note),
3. Workstations ad|acent to
windows/atria and other
credit
building areas separately zoned
and controlled,
4. Seminar and lecture rooms:
zoned Ior presentation and
audience areas,
S. Library spaces: separate zoning
oI stacks, reading and counter
areas,
6. 1eaching space/demonstration
area,
7. Whiteboard/display screen
8. Auditoria: zoning oI seating
areas, circulation space and
lectern area,
9. Oining, restaurant, caIe areas:
separate zoning oI servery and
seating/dining areas,
10. Retail: separate zoning oI
display and counter areas,
11. 8ar areas: separate zoning oI
bar and seating areas,
12. Wards/bedded areas: zoned
lighting control Ior individual
bed spaces and control Ior
staII over groups oI bed
spaces,
13. 1reatment areas, dayrooms,
waiting areas: zoning oI
seating and activity areas and
circulation space with controls
accessible to staII.
Areas used Ior teaching, seminar or
lecture purposes have lighting
controls provided in accordance
with Cl8SL Lighting Guide S
6
.
Note, the requirements Ior zoning
oI lighting control can be excluded
Ior prison buildings.
1he controls speciIied will depend
on the size and use oI the space but
a typical auditorium or lecture
theatre with stepped seating and a
credit
Iormal
lectern/demonstration/perIormance
area would typically be expected to
have lighting controls as Iollows:
1. lull normal lighting (to allow
Ior entry/exit, cleaning etc.),
2. Oemonstration area lighting
oII and audience area lighting
reduced to a low level (Ior the
purpose oI line slide pro|ection,
but allowing enough light Ior
the audience to take notes),
3. All lighting oII (Ior the
pro|ection oI tone slides,
colour slides, and Ior the
purposes oI visual
demonstrations/perIormances),
4. Separate localised lectern
lighting.
lor rooms/spaces not listed above,
the assessor can exercise an element
oI |udgement when determining
whether what is speciIied is
appropriate Ior the space given its
end use and the aim and criteria oI
this 8RLLAM issue.
ln addition the Iollowing is required where applicable,
Lducation
buildings
No additional requirement to those
outlined above.
Manual lighting controls should be
easily accessible Ior the teacher
whilst teaching and on
entering/leaving the teaching space.
credit
Prison buildings
Cel l s
An adequate view out Irom a
normal standing or sitting position
and the distance between each
window and nearest external solid
ob|ect (i.e. buildings, screens,
walls/Iences) is 10m.
Where existing Ieatures prevent
compliance with this requirement in
less than 20% oI the cells within the
building, the credit can still be
awarded.
Pati ent occupi ed s paces
See Healthcare requirements Ior
these spaces.
Cel l s
Lit to a maintained illuminance oI
200 lux at table-top level. ln addition
there must be the Iacility (using, Ior
example, dimming, step switching or
separate task and general lighting)
Ior the cell's occupant to select a
lower level oI general lighting iI
required.
Lxerci s e y ards
Lit to a maintained illuminance oI at
least 10 lux. However, iI such spaces
are, or will be, used as sports
Iacilities they must be lit to a
maintained illuminance oI 100 lux.
Court buildings No additional requirement to those
outlined above.
Separate zoning is also provided Ior
the Iollowing areas (as a minimum):
1. Judge's/magistrate's bench,
2. Oock,
3. Jury area,
4. Public seating area.
Lighting control oI the zones in the
above spaces, and the courtroom as
a whole, cater Ior the Iollowing
settings:
1. lull lighting (to allow cleaning
etc.),
2. Normal lighting (Ior court
sessions),
3. Oimmed (Ior the purpose oI
showing audio visual evidence,
but allowing enough light Ior
note taking).
Multi-residential
buildings
Li v i ng rooms - (s el I
contai ned Il ats ),
communal l ounges ,
i ndi v i dual bedrooms and
beds i ts - (s hel tered
hous i ng)
All positions within relevant areas
are to be within Sm oI a wall which
has a window or permanent
opening providing an adequate
outlined above.
credit
view out. 1he window/opening
must be 20% oI the surrounding
wall area.
Healthcare
buildings with
inpatient areas
Pati ent occupi ed s paces
e. g. wards and day rooms

As criteria above Ior the relevant
building areas PLUS the distance
between the wall with the
window/opening and nearest
external solid ob|ect (e.g. buildings,
screens, walls/Iences) is 10m.
1his credit is not available Ior
healthcare buildings that are not
designed with inpatient areas.
outlined above.
V|sua| Arts - Hea|thcare bu||d|ng types on|y
One cred|t
1. An art coordinator has been appointed Ior the speciIic pro|ect OR
2. An art policy and an art strategy have been prepared Ior the development at the Iea-
sibility/design brieI stage i.e. Rl8A stage 8 (or equivalent) and endorsed by the senior man-
agement level. 1he policy and strategy addresses the Iollowing:
a. Lnhancing the healthcare environment
b. 8uilding relationships with the local community
c. 8uilding relationships with patients and their Iamilies
d. Relieving patient and Iamily anxiety by contributing to treatment or recovery areas,
e.g. post-operative areas, paediatric units, etc.
e. Greening the healthcare environment with inclusion oI living plants (where appro-
priate)
I. 1raining generating creative opportunities Ior staII
Exemp|ary |eve| cr|ter|a
1he Iollowing outlines the exemplary level criteria to achieve an innovation credit Ior
daylighting:
Iactor
required
Area
(m
2
) to
comply
Other requirements
All building types 1he criteria outlined above concerning uniIormity ratio,
view oI sky or room depth criterion are met where they
are used to demonstrate compliance.
All building types (excluding Retail see below)
Iactor
required
Area
(m
2
) to
comply
Other requirements
lunctions as identiIied in the
standard criteria (multi storey
buildings)
1 3% 80% Where used, a
minimum point daylight
Iactor oI 1.2% OR 2.1%
Ior spaces with glazed
rooIs, such as atria
lunctions as identiIied in the
standard criteria (single storey
buildings)
4% 80% Where used, a
Prisons and court cells 2% 80% -
Prison internal association/atrium
area
S% 80% A uniIormity ratio oI at
least 0.7 or a minimum
point daylight Iactor oI
3.S%.
Retail
Sales areas 1 N/A S0% Point daylight Iactor 2%
Common areas and oIIices (multi
storey buildings)
Common areas and oIIices (single
storey buildings)
Compliance notes
Shell only Oaylighting - No additional notes.
View out - Where it is not possible to conIirm which areas oI the building will
contain workstations/benches or desks, due to the speculative nature oI the
building, then all areas oI the building designed Ior and/or likely to be
occupied by workstations/benches or desks must comply with the relevant
criteria (excluding ancillary areas).
Glare control and artiIicial lighting - Compliance with these aspects oI this
8RLLAM issue can be demonstrated via one oI the Iollowing means in shell
only buildings/areas,
1. Option 1 Use oI a tenancy lease agreement between the developer and
tenant/s (Iull value oI available credits)
2. Option 2 A Green 8uilding Guide Ior tenant Iit outs (halI the value oI
the available credits)
Compliance notes
3. Option 3 Oeveloper/1enant collaboration (Iull value oI available
credits)
ReIer to the Scope section oI this Scheme Oocument (section 2) Ior Iurther
description oI the above options.
Lighting controls - 1he lighting control system must have the capacity to be
zoned, as required, once the Iinal tenant is known and occupancy
patterns/layout are agreed.
Relevant
building
areas:
Oaylighting
Generally this reIers to areas within the building where good daylighting is
considered to be oI beneIit to the building users (typically those areas
occupied continuously Ior 30 minutes or more). Any exclusion will need to be
Iully |ustiIied by the Assessor in their certiIication report.
1his includes the Iollowing (where occupied continuously Ior 30 minutes or
more) speciIically stated because they are oIten omitted,
1. Sports hall exercise spaces
2. Laboratory areas unless the type oI research that will be carried out
requires strictly controlled environmental conditions, such as the
exclusion oI natural light at all times.
3. SelI contained Ilats
4. Kitchen and catering areas
S. General communal areas
6. Small oIIices (including those within multi-residential buildings)
7. Meeting rooms (including those within multi-residential buildings)
8. Leisure areas
9. Any area that may involve close up work.
8ut excludes (where present),
1. Media, arts production, SLN sensory spaces, x-ray rooms and other areas
requiring strictly controlled acoustic or lighting conditions
2. Clinical areas with controlled environmental conditions, e.g. operating
theatres, delivery rooms or pathology. However, 8RLLAM strongly advise
that the beneIits Irom daylighting and view out are seriously considered
when designing areas oI critical and intensive care in healthcare
buildings.
3. Holding areas and custody cells where security issues conIlict with the
8RLLAM daylighting requirements.
4. Custody cells in courts, where privacy is a client Iunctional/operational
requirement.
Relevant
building
areas:
Glare control
and view out
lor a view out include areas oI the building where,
1. 1here are or will be workstations/benches or desks Ior building users
2. Close work will be undertaken or where visual aids will be used.
3. A view out is deemed to be oI beneIit to the building occupants e.g. in
spaces where occupants are likely to spend a signiIicant amount oI time.
lor glare control include areas oI the building where lighting and resultant
glare could be problematic Ior users e.g. workstations, pro|ector screens,
sports halls.
Lxcluded areas Ior each oI these might include,
Compliance notes
1. Nurse bases where they are located centrally in a ward/patient area in
order to enable patient observation.
2. Courtrooms and interview rooms where compliance is not possible due
to security/privacy criteria.
3. Prison staII areas that contain workstations that Ior security or
observational purposes must be located centrally within the building.
4. Any clinical areas where the control oI environmental/operational
conditions prevents such spaces Irom providing a view out.
S. Workstations in nurseries (children's desks only), conIerence rooms,
lecture theatres, sports halls, acute SLN and also any spaces where the
exclusion / limitation oI natural light is a Iunctional requirement e.g.
labs, media etc.
Relevant
building
areas:
lnternal and
external
lighting
Where no external light Iittings are speciIied (either separate Irom or
mounted on the external building Iaade/rooI), the criteria relating to
external lighting do not apply and the credit can be awarded on the basis oI
compliance with the internal lighting criteria.
1he Iollowing internal areas are excluded Irom the lighting zone
requirements:
1. Media and arts production spaces
2. Sports Iacilities (exercise spaces only, including hydrotherapy and
physiotherapy areas)
Percentage oI
assessed area
Where the compliance requirement speciIies that a percentage oI Iloor area
must be adequately daylit, it reIers to the percentage oI the total Iloor area oI
all the rooms that must be assessed i.e. the compliant area. lI Ior example a
development has 6 rooms that must be assessed, each 1S0m
2
(total area
900m
2
) and 80% oI this Iloor area must meet the criteria, then 720m
2
must
comply with the criteria, this is equal to 4.8 rooms. 1he number oI rooms that
must comply must always be rounded up, thereIore in this example, Iive rooms
must have an average daylight Iactor oI 2% or more (plus meet the other
criteria) to achieve the credit.
View oI sky
requirement
1able S-11o comply with the view oI sky criteria (reI (b) in at least 80% oI the
room that complies with the average daylight Iactor requirement must receive
direct light Irom the sky, i.e. it is permissible Ior up to 20% oI the room not to
meet the view oI sky requirement and still achieve a compliant room.
Adequate
view out
1he view out is oI a landscape or buildings (rather than |ust the sky) at seated
eye level (1.2 1.3m) within the relevant building areas and should ideally be
through an external window. A view into an internal courtyard or atrium will
comply provided the distance Irom the opening to the back wall oI the
courtyard/atrium is at least 10m (thereIore allowing enough distance Ior the
eyes to reIocus). 1he view cannot be an internal view across the room, as this
is likely to become obstructed by partitions, Iiling cabinets etc.
Curtains as
glare control
Curtains do not meet the criteria Ior the glare control requirement as the
control/design needs to allow a degree oI Ilexibility to still allow sunlight in.
1he use oI curtains to control glare would cause occupants to rely on artiIicial
lighting.
Relevant
industry
standard Ior
Pre-schools, schools and sixth Iorm colleges: 8uilding 8ulletin 90: Lighting
Oesign Ior Schools'
7
Page 7SHea 01 Visual comIortHealth andWellbeing
Compliance notes
lighting
design
Please note that Ior care homes housing people with dementia the Iollowing
code can be used instead oI the Cl8SL Code Ior Lighting: Oesign Lighting Ior
People with Oementia, University oI Stirling, Stirling, 2008
8
.
Please note that the illuminance levels speciIied in the Cl8SL Code Ior Lighting,
2009 are compliant with 8S LN 12464-1
9
.
Occupancy /
workstation
layout
unknown
Where occupancy/workstation layout is not known, lighting control can be
zoned on the basis oI 40m
2
grids i.e. an assumption oI 1 person/workspace
per 10m
2
.
Small spaces 8uildings consisting entirely oI small rooms/spaces (less than 40m
2
) which do
not require any subdivision oI lighting zones/control will meet the zoning
criteria by deIault.
2ones oI Iour
workspaces
1he limit oI Iour workspaces is indicative oI the required standard but is not a
Iixed requirement. Where there is |ustiIication Ior this to be increased to Iit
with the adopted lighting strategy, this may be accepted provided that the
assessor is satisIied that the aim oI this criterion is upheld, i.e. that there is
suitable zoning/control oI lighting to enable a reasonable degree oI occupant
control over lighting in their personable work area. 1he lighting consultant
should set out how this is to be achieved in such an instance.
8orrowed
light
lor areas where borrowed light is used to demonstrate compliance,
calculations or results Irom appropriate lighting design soItware must be
provided to demonstrate that such areas meet the 8RLLAM criteria (iI
contributing to the percentage oI compliant area). Lxamples oI borrowed
light include: light shelves, clerestory glazing, sun pipes or internal
translucent/transparent partitions (such as those using Irosted glass).
1wo-side lit
rooms
lor rooms lit by windows on two opposite sides, the maximum room depth
that can be satisIactorily daylit is twice the limiting room depth (d) (measured
Irom window wall to window wall, Cl8SL Lighting Guide LG10
10
. 1he
reIlectance oI the imaginary internal wall should be taken as 1.
UniIormity
with
rooIlights
1he room depth criteria cannot be used where the lighting strategy relies on
rooIlights. ln such areas either appropriate soItware should be used to
calculate the uniIormity ratio or, in the case oI a regular array oI rooIlights
across the whole oI the space, ligure 2.36 (p37) within Cl8SL Lighting Guide
LG10 can be used to determine the uniIormity ratio.
Point daylight
Iactors
Computer simulations are the most appropriate tools to allow Ior point
daylight Iactors to be displayed. 2% daylight Iactors isolux contours (i.e. lines
connecting all the points that have the same point daylight Iactor value) will
need to be mapped on the room plan to check the area where point daylight
Iactors are 2% or higher.
Multi-
residential
developments
with CSH
assessed
dwellings
lor buildings with selI-contained dwellings also being assessed under the Code
Ior Sustainable Homes (CSH), the Iollowing applies:
Where the selI-contained dwellings have achieved the credit Ior CSH issue Hea
1, this contributes toward the daylighting credit within 8RLLAM. Other
residential and non residential areas oI the building must comply with the
above in order Ior the relevant visual comIort 8RLLAM credits to be awarded.
Lxisting site Where existing site Ieatures prevent all selI contained dwellings and/or
Compliance notes
Ieatures individual bedrooms Irom achieving the credit requirements. 1he credit can
still be achieved iI evidence provided demonstrates that 90% oI the selI
contained dwellings and/or individual bedrooms are able to achieve the
compliance requirement.
Arts co-
ordinator
(Healthcare
buildings)
1he assessed pro|ect does not need a dedicated arts co-ordinator, the arts co-
ordinator may work on several pro|ects, or with several establishments run by
the appropriate 1rust.
1he arts co-ordinator must:
1. Hold a relevant qualiIication in an arts or a related sub|ect.
2. Have at least two years oI relevant experience. Such experience should
be related to the application oI arts in a social context. Lxamples could
be voluntary or paid work within healthcare or educational
environments, or with ethnic minority, disabled, elderly or young
communities.
Nurseries /
acute SLN
Where child care and/or acute SLN spaces are included within the scope oI the
assessment, controls should be provided Ior the teacher/member oI staII, i.e.
it is not a necessity Ior the controls to be accessible to the children.
Crche Where nursery spaces are included within the scope oI the assessment,
controls should be provided Ior the member oI staII, not the nursery school
children.
Schedu|e of Ev|dence
Req Oesign Stage Post Construction Stage
Oaylighting
All Oesign drawings
Oaylight calculations
Where relevant Ior multi-residential
buildings:
Lvidence in line with the Oesign
Stage evidence requirements oI the
CSH issue Hea 1 OR
A copy oI the Oesign Stage CSH
certiIicate and report Irom the CSH
online reporting system conIirming
the number oI credits achieved Ior
CSH lssue Hea 1
8RLLAM Assessor's site inspection
report and photographic evidence
OR 'as built' drawings and
calculations
Results Irom on-site measurements
(in accordance with methodology
detailed in 8RL lP 23/9310
11
).
Where relevant Ior mGlare control,
view out and internal and external
lightingulti-residential buildings:
Lvidence in line with the Post
Construction Stage evidence
requirements oI the CSH issue Hea 1
OR
A copy oI the Post Construction
Stage CSH certiIicate and report
Irom the CSH online reporting
system conIirming the number oI
credits achieved Ior CSH lssue Hea 1.
View out and glare requirements
All Oesign drawings
Relevant section/clauses oI the
building speciIication or contract
Window schedule
And/or 'as built' drawings or a
Iormal letter Irom the design team
lnternal and external lighting
All Oesign drawings and/or room data
sheets/schedules
Relevant section/clauses oI the
building speciIication or contract
OR a letter oI Iormal conIirmation
oI compliance Irom the relevant
design team member.
'As-built' drawings
lormal conIirmation oI compliance
Irom the contractor or design team
Visual arts
All Correspondence Irom the design
team or 1rust (e.g. letter, email,
meeting minutes) OR
A copy oI the 1rust arts policy and
strategy.
Oocumentation demonstrating the
work oI the appointed arts co-
ordinator OR
A copy oI the 1rust arts policy and
strategy
ConIirmation oI the arts co-
Req Oesign Stage Post Construction Stage
ordinators qualiIications and
experience.
Add|t|ona| Informat|on
e|evant def|n|t|ons
Art: 1he Arts Council Lngland deIines Arts' as: literature and writing, theatre and drama,
dance, music, visual arts which include craIts, new media, architecture, design, moving image,
and combined arts.
Average daylight Iactor: 1he average daylight Iactor is the average indoor illuminance (Irom
daylight) on the working plane within a room, expressed as a percentage oI the simultaneous
outdoor illuminance on a horizontal plane under an unobstructed ClL Standard Overcast Sky.
Clinical areas: Areas oI the building in which medical Iunctions are carried out that require
speciIic restricted environmental conditions such as humidity, daylighting, temperature, etc.
(e.g. X-ray, operating department, delivery room, etc).
Computer simulation: SoItware tools that can be used to model more complex room geometries
Ior daylighting.
Construction zone: lor the purpose oI this 8RLLAM issue the construction zone is deIined as the
site which is being developed Ior the 8RLLAM-assessed building, and the external site areas that
Iall within the scope oI the new works.
High Irequency ballast: High Irequency ballasts increase the Irequency oI the power coming
Irom the grid (S0Hz) to a Irequency optimising the perIormance oI Iluorescent lamps, typically
around 30kHz. 1here are several advantages to running Iluorescent lamps at higher Irequencies.
At 30kHz, the Irequency oI re-ignition oI a Iluorescent lamp is too quick to be detected by the
human eye, thereIore reducing visible Ilicker that some Iluorescent lamps running on mains
Irequency Iail to do. Additionally, 30kHz being above the audible range oI the human ear, the
buzzing noise coming out oI low quality main Irequency ballasts is avoided. linally, the luminous
eIIicacy oI Iluorescent lamps increases with Irequency, it can be improved by up to 10% when
they are running at 30kHz compared to those operating at S0Hz.
llluminance: 1he amount oI light Ialling on a surIace per unit area, measured in lux.
Occupied space: A room or space within the assessed building that is likely to be occupied Ior 30
minutes or more by a building user. Please note there is a speciIic, unrelated, deIinition oI
'unoccupied' with reIerence to acoustic testing and measurement and this should not be
conIused with the deIinition used here.
Patient areas: Areas oI the building used mainly by inpatients (e.g. wards, dayrooms, etc)
Point daylight Iactor: A point daylight Iactor is the ratio between the illuminance (Irom
daylight) at a speciIic point on the working plane within a room, expressed as a percentage oI
the illuminance received on an outdoor unobstructed horizontal plane. 1his is based on an
assumed overcast sky, approximated by the ClL (Commission lnternationale de l'Lclairage)
overcast sky'.
Public areas: Areas oI the building designed Ior public use where no medical Iunctions are
carried out (e.g. reception, retail unit, waiting areas).
Separate occupant control: Light switches/controls Ior a particular area/zone oI the building
that can be accessed and operated by the individual(s) occupying that area/zone. Such controls
will be located within, or within the vicinity oI, the zone/area they control.
StaII areas: Areas oI the building used mainly by staII (e.g. oIIices, meeting rooms, staII rooms)
and medical areas where patients are admitted but that do not require restricted environmental
conditions (e.g. consulting rooms, physiotherapy, etc).
UniIormity: 1he uniIormity is the ratio between the minimum illuminance (Irom daylight) on the
working plane within a room (or minimum daylight Iactor) and the average illuminance (Irom
daylight) on the same working plan (or average daylight Iactor).
View oI sky / no-sky line: Areas oI the working plane have a view oI sky when they receive direct
light Irom the sky, i.e. when the sky can be seen Irom working plane height. 1he no-sky line
divides those areas oI the working plane, which can receive direct skylight, Irom those that
cannot.
Working plane: Cl8SL LG10 deIines the working plane as the horizontal, vertical or inclined
plane in which a visual task lies. 1he working plane is normally taken as 0.7 m above the Iloor Ior
oIIices and 0.8S m Ior industry.
Check||sts and Tab|es
1able S-2: ReIlectance Ior maximum room depths and window head heights
1he table below gives maximum room depths in metres Ior diIIerent room widths and window
head heights oI sidelit rooms:
ReIlectance (R8) 0.4 0.S 0.6
Room Width (m) 3.0 10.0 3.0 10.0 3.0 10.0
Window Head Height (m) - - - - - -
2.S 4.S 6.7 S.4 8.0 6.8 10.0
3.0 S.0 7.7 6.0 9.2 7.S 11.S
3.S S.4 8.6 6.S 10.4 8.1 13.0
Ca|cu|at|on procedures
None
Other |nformat|on
1he Iollowing reIerences provide inIormation relating to this issue,
1. Cl8SL Lighting Guide 10 Oaylighting and window design,
2. 8S8206 Part 22
3. 8RL Site Layout Guide
12
Arts and Vi ew out i n Heal th
1he implementation oI arts in health can have positive eIIects on patient recovery, staII morale
and wellbeing. 1he beneIits include:
1. lmproving clinical and therapeutic outcomes
2. Helping users to express, contain and transIorm distress and disturbance, creating a less
stressIul environment Ior patients, service users, staII and visitors
3. lncreasing the understanding between clinicians and the people Ior whom they care
4. Oeveloping and delivering more patient-Iocused services, and improving the experience Ior
all.
lor these reasons arts need to Iind a bigger place within health environments and should be
planned Irom the early stages oI development.
Paintings in Hospitals is a charitable organisation whose ob|ective is to improve the environment
oI hospitals and other healthcare establishments by providing original works oI art on loan.
(www.paintingsinhospitals.org.uk)
Poger S. Ul ri ch
Roger S. Ulrich, proIessor at 1exas A & M University's College oI Architecture, has conducted
scientiIic research on the inIluences oI healthcare Iacilities on patient medical outcomes.
ProIessor Ulrich's paper LIIects oI Healthcare Lnvironmental Oesign on Medical Outcomes'
describes the beneIits on patient wellbeing and recovery Irom having adequate views,
particularly oI natural landscapes. 1hough it is not a requirement Ior awarding the 8RLLAM
credit, wards, dayrooms and waiting rooms should ideally have a view out oI a soIt landscaped
area, including planting.

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