1.

INTRODUCTION
Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) has been serving enterprises and operators for years, to the great satisfaction of its users. However, the new IP-based standard developed by the IEEE 802.16 is likely to accelerate adoption of the technology. It will expand the scope of usage thanks to: the possibility of operating in licensed and un licensed frequency bands, unique performance under Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) conditions, Quality of Service (QOS) awareness, extension to nomadic and more In parallel, the WIMAX forum, backed by industry leaders, will encourage the widespread adoption of broadband wireless access by establishing a brand for the technology and pushing interoperability between products. The purpose of this White Paper is to highlight and assess the value of WIMAX as the right solution to Extend the currently limited coverage of public WLAN (hotspots) to city wide coverage - the same technology being usable at home and on the move. Blanket metropolitan areas for mobile data-centric service delivery. Offer fixed broad band access in urban and suburban areas where copper quality is poor or unbundling difficult. Bridge the digital divide in low-density areas where technical and economic factors. Make broadband deployment very challenging. In addition to these uses, this paper Will highlight other potential applications, such as telephony or an effective point-to Multipoint back hauling solution for operators or enterprises.

2. WIMAX
WIMAX is a standards-based technology enabling the delivery of last mile wireless broadband access as an alternative to wired broadband like cable and DSL. WIMAX provides fixed , nomadic, portable and, soon, mobile wireless broadband connectivity without the need for direct line-of-sight with a base station. In a typical cell radius deployment of three to ten kilometers. WIMAX Forum Certified systems can be expected to deliver capacity of up to 40 Mbps per channel, for fixed and portable access applications. This is enough bandwidth to simultaneously support hundreds of businesses with T-1 speed connectivity and thousands of residences with DSL speed connectivity. Mobile network deployments are expected to provide up to 15 Mbps of capacity within a typical cell radius deployment of up to three kilometers. It is expected that WIMAX technology will be incorporated in notebook computers and PDAs by 2007, allowing for urban areas and cities to become "metro zones" for portable outdoor broadband wireless access.

USES
Connecting Wi-Fi hotspots with other parts of the Int. Providing a wireless alternative to cable ,DSL for "last mile broadband access. Providing data and telecommunications services. Providing a source of Internet connectivity as part of a business continuityplan. That is, if a business has a fixed and a wireless Internet connection, especially from unrelated providers, they are unlikely to be affected by the same service outage.

3. WIMAX FEATURES
WIMAX stands for wireless inter operatibility for microwave access. WIMAX is expected to do more for Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs) and what Wi-Fi has done for local area networks (LANs)? WIMAX is not projected to replace Wi-Fi, but to complement it by connecting Wi-Fi networks to each other or the Internet through highspeed wireless links. You can therefore use WIMAX technology to extend the power and range of Wi-Fi and cellular networks. However, in developing countries, WIMAX may become the only wireless technology because Wi-Fi and cellular have not penetrated areas that can be reached with WIMAX technology.

RANGE
The wide range of the WIMAX technology depends on the height of the antennas, if they are installed at the suitable position from where there is no barrier between the transmitter and receiver, and then we can get better range and service from it. Even though the frequency for operation of WIMAX is not definite, the most likely band at 3.5GHz is higher in frequency than the 3G bands at around 2.1 GHz. Range will, as a result, be lower, perhaps somewhere between 50% and 75% of the range of 3G. WIMAX can therefore support 30 to 50 kilometres distance with Line-of-Sight (LOS) links. As far as Non-line-of-sight (NLOS) links in concerned WIMAX can support the broad range from 3 to 10 kilometres using advanced modulation algorithm that can overcome many interfering objects that Wi-Fi systems cannot pass through.

DATA RATES
The technology used for WIMAX is Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), it is not appreciably more supernaturally efficient then the technology commonly used for 3G that is Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA). However OFDM is coupled with a high channel bandwidth, that allows greater data rates. So, on average, for an equivalent spectrum allocation, users will see similar data rates. In specific simulations, where there are few users, it is possible that WIMAX will provide a
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higher data rate than 3G. However, in commercial systems, such simulations are likely rare.

FIG 1.Data Rates

TIMING
It is normally believed that WIMAX will enter into the market some five years after 3G is well established. This drawback in time is likely to be important since without a convincing advantage only a few service providers will choose to move from 3G to WIMAX..

COST
The network costs of WIMAX will be likely to be higher than for 3G because of the reduced range and hence the necessity to build more cells. The subscriber subsidy costs may be lower if WIMAX is built into processor chips, although this may not apply if users wish to have WIMAX handsets.

QUALITY OF SERVICE (QOS)

Excellent Quality Of service management donates from variety of WIMAX features. Just as on a Wi-Fi network, WIMAX users share a data pipe and QOS can degrade as more users are added to the network. Using the QOS features of WIMAX service providers can guarantee certain users specific bandwidth amounts by limiting the bandwidth consumption of other users. Grant request mechanism for accessing to network is the first aspect of Quality of Service.

4. WIMAX TECHNOLOGY
4.1 TECHNOLOGICAL FEATURES
Various advanced technologies will be developed to meet services above and consequently WIMAX will support seamless mobility and technologies such as the technique for minimized power consumption of the terminal, fast link adaptation, and efficient MAC for broadband services will be developed for high data rate transmission in mobile environments.

Fig 2. Radio Acess Requirements

For the phase I standardization, PG302 decided several system parameters and Radio access requirements. Major system parameters include duplex scheme (TDD) and multiple access (OFDMA) and Channel bandwidth (10MHz) as well. Any detailed contents could be shown in Table 2. For the radio access requirements, some parameters have been determined as follows: Frequency reuse factor is set as 1. Maximum guaranteed speed of user is 60 Km/h. Handoff latency should be less than 150 Ms.

Throughout per user should be 0.512 to 3 Mbps for downlink and 0.128 to 1 Mbps for uplink. Table 4.1 shows the development contents in association with system requirement. Requirements could be induced by consideration on radio access requirements

System Requirements

Deployment contents

High spectrum efficiency

TDD to minimize required guard band 10 MHz broadband/OFDMA To use AMC(Adaptive Modulation and Coding) supporting 64 QAM modulation with turbo code Supporting frequency reuse factor 1

Supporting wide coverage

Using Reed Solomon sequence based sub channel to minimize other RASs interference In the cell edge with band SINR area, the operation guaranteed with low rate FEC Supporting safety channel in order to reduce interference of the cell edge area

Supporting mobility

Employing H-ARQ to enhanced link performance Guaranteeing mobility up to 60 km/h speed Short OFDM symbol length can minimize the degradation due to the mobility. The pilot structure supporting channel estimation under mobility.

Flexible resource allocation for multiple subscriber

Employing variable duty rates of TDD DL/UL 1:1, 2:1, 5:1 DL/UL ratios are available To support multiple subscriber scheduling algorithm, management of the status of individual terminals and packet scheduling algorithm are considered Best effort/Real-time polling/Non-realtime polling

Supporting various QOS

Handheld support

Supporting sleep mode to reduce terminal power consumption

TDD Smart Antenna (optional feature)

To apply the Smart Antenna for low mobility user

Table 1.Deployment contents corresponding with system requirements

4.2 TECHNOLOGY: WIMAX DESIGN

The design of the WIMAX is ideal for challenges related with earlier versions of wired and wireless access networks. At the same time the backhaul connects the WIMAX system to the network, it is not an integrated part of WIMAX system. Normally a WIMAX network consists of two parts, a WIMAX Base Station (BS) and a WIMAX receiver also referred as Customer Premise Equipment (CPE).

BACKHAUL
Backhaul is actually a connection system from the Access Point (AP) back to the provider and to the connection from the provider to the network. A backhaul can set out any technology and media provided; it connects the system to the backbone. In most of the WIMAX deployments circumstances, it is also possible to connect several base stations with one another by use of high speed backhaul microware links. This would also
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allow for roaming by a WIMAX subscriber from one base station coverage area to another, similar to roaming enabled by cellular phone.

RECEIVER
A WIMAX receiver, which is also referred as Customer Premise Equipment (CPE), may have a separate antenna or could be a stand-alone box or a PCMCIA card that inserted in a laptop or a desktop computer. Access to a WIMAX base station is similar to accessing a wireless access point (AP) in a Wi-Fi network, but the coverage is more. So far one of the biggest restrictions to the widespread acceptance of WIMAX has been the cost of CPE. This is not only the cost of CPE itself, but also that of installation. In the past, Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) have been predominantly Line Of Sight (LOS), requiring highly skilled labour and a truck role to install and provide a service to customer. The concept of a self-installed CPE has been difficult for BWA from the beginning, but with the advent of WIMAX, this issue seems to be getting resolved Base Station (BS) A WIMAX base station comprises of internal devices and a WIMAX tower. A base station can normally covers the area of about 50 kilometres or 30 miles radius, but some other and environmental issues bound the limits of WIMAX range to 10 km or 6 miles. Any wireless user within the coverage area would be able to access the WIMAX services (Fig: 2)..

Fig 3. WIMAX Tower

4.3 TYPES OF WIMAX

The WIMAX family of standards concentrate on two types of usage models a fixed usage model and a mobile usage model. The basic element that differentiates these systems is the ground speed at which the systems are designed to manage. Based on mobility, wireless access systems are designed to operate on the move without any disruption of service; wireless access can be divided into three classes; stationary, pedestrian and vehicular. A mobile wireless access system is one that can address the vehicular class, whereas the fixed serves the stationary and pedestrian classes. This raises a question about the nomadic wireless access system, which is referred to as a system that works as a fixed wireless access system but can change its location

Fixed WIMAX
Service and consumer usage of WIMAX for fixed access is expected to reflect that of fixed wire line service, with many of the standards-based requirements being confined to the air interface. Because communications takes place via wireless links from Customer Premise Equipment (CPE) to a remote Non Line-of-sight (NLOS) base station, requirements for link security are greater than those needed for a wireless service. The security mechanisms within the IEEE 802.16 standards are sufficient for fixed access service. Another challenge for the fixed access air interface is the need to set up high performance radio links capable of data rates comparable to wired broadband service, using equipment that can be self installed indoors by users, as is the case for Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) and cable modems. IEEE 802.16 standards provide advanced physical (PHY) layer techniques to achieve link margins capable of supporting high throughput in NLOS environments.

MOBILE WIMAX
The 802.16a extension, refined in January 2003, uses a lower frequency of 2 to 11 GHz, enabling NLOS connections. The latest 802.16e task group is capitalizing on the new capabilities this provides by working on developing a specification to enable mobile WIMAX clients. These clients will be able to hand off between WIMAX base stations, enabling users to roam between service areas.
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5. WIMAX TECHNOLOGIES CHALLENGE

WIMAX, MORE FLEXIBILITY AND SECURITY
Unlike WLAN, WIMAX provides a media access control (MAC) layer that uses a grant-request mechanism to authorize the exchange of data. This feature allows better exploitation of the radio resources, in particular with smart antennas, and independent management of the traffic of every user.

SYSTEM PERFORMANCE
Environment Typical cell size Sector throughput

Urban indoor (NLOS) w.10MHzchannel Suburban indoor (NLOS) MHz channel

1 km (5/8 miles)

21 M bit/s

2.5 km (1.5 miles)

22 M bit/s w.10

Suburban outdoor (LOS) MHz channel

7 km (4 miles)

22 M bit/s w. 10

Rural indoor (NLOS) MHz channel

5 km (3 miles)

4.5Mbit/s w.3.5

Rural outdoor (LOS) w.3.5MHz

15 km (9 miles)

4.5Mbit/s

Table 2. gives typical cell size and throughput at 3.5 GHz in various configuration and environments

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WIMAX A COMPLEMENT TO A FIXED & MOBILE ACCESS

WIMAX integrates perfectly into existing fixed and mobile networks, complementing them when needed. This section gives a more detailed analysis of WIMAX integration into fixed and the mobile markets.

WIMAX FOR FIXED WIRELESS ACCESS

Nationwide broadband access has become a priority in many countries. In most developed countries, the average broadband coverage will reach 90% in the coming years. Still, in some rural areas of such countries, broadband coverage will not exceed 50%.The service gap can be categorized by two characteristics: the type of area (rural or urban) and the level of national development. In developed countries, DSL service deployment has been massive in urban and suburban deployments, whereas coverage of remote areas - smaller towns and rural areas - is lagging behind. Hurdles to overcome are the poor line quality of the installed copper base, the large distances to the central offices or cabinets, or the low population density. In thiscontext, WIMAX, with its QOS support, longer reach, and data rates similar to DSL, is naturally positioned as a viable first mile option to offer broadband access to residential users. In emerging countries, the main focus of broadband deployment is on urban and sub urban areas, and will remain so in the near future. The low POTS penetration and the low quality of the copper pair prevent mass scale DSL deployment and foster the need for alternate broadband technologies. In this context, WIMAX is positioned as an excellent option. Moreover, the possibility of offering broadband services in combination with voice services will gradually lead to narrowband WLL substitution. Parameters such as availability of the copper, distance to the remote unit/central office, backhauling costs, and tele density will drive the choice for one or other of these solutions.

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6. WIMAX SERVICES
6.1POTENTIAL SERVICES
WIMAX services can have potential applications in various fields. Different applications can demand different which can be classified as follows. INTERACTIVE SERVICES : Web Browsing, Game interface etc STREAMING SERVICES : VOD ,MPEG ,etc. BACK GROUND SERVICES: FTP, E-Mail, SMS, Multicast/Broadcast MMS, PUSH TO TALK

Fig 4.SERVICES 1

Possible services provided by WIMAX are widespread over various data communication services including entertainment, information and commerce services. The first round of WIMAX technology is expected to be nomadic, meaning that CPEs will be portable, but not truly mobile. But with Samsungs new developments on handover, the technology may become truly mobile, offering the 20 Mb/s to 30 Mb/s at speeds up to 120 km/h WIMAX enthusiasts are touting. For entertainment services, WIMAX will provide high quality VOD/MOD/AOD, real time streaming broadcasting, 3G network games and MMS. Web Browsing, file downloading and interactive information services will be provided as information services by WIMAX. Commerce services such
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as m-commerce, mobile banking, trading will be also provided by WIMAX as well.. Example of WIMAX Services.

Application VOD/MOD/AOD Real timeBroadcasting Network Game MMS Web Browsing FTP Interactive information m-Commerce Mobile banking Stock trading

Service type Entertainment service

QOS class Streaming Real Time Interactive Background

Information service

Interactive Background Interactive

Commerce service

Interactive Interactive Interactive

Table 3.summarizes possible services to be provided by WIMAX

6.2CURRENT SERVICE
KT offers 18.4Mbit/s/4Mbit/s for $22 a month with unlimited data usage. WIMAX seems faster than HSDPA. There are Similar service in U.S. operated by wireless company but much more expensive and slower. Hannaro Telecom have

announced a partnership to roll out WIMAX nationwide in Korea, excluding Seoul and six provincial cities, where independent networks will be rolled out. In November 2004, Intel and LG Electronics executives agreed to ensure compatibility between WIMAX and WIMAX technology In September 2005, Samsung Electronics signed a deal with Sprint Nextel Corporation to provide equipment for a WIMAX trial. In November 2005, KT Corporation (aka Korea Telecom) showed off WIMAX trial services during the AsiaPacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) summit in Bussan.

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February 10th 2006: Telecom Italia, the dominant telephony and internet service provider in Italy, together with Korean Samsung Electronics, has demonstrated to the public a WIMAX network service on the occasion of the 2006 Winter Olympics, held in Turin, with down speed of 10 M bit/s and up speed of some hundreds of k bit/s even in movement up to 120 km/h. In the same event Samsung tel div. president Kitae Lee assured a future of 20-30 M bit/s by the end of this year (2006) and 100+ M bit/s down / 1+ M bit/s up in 2008 KT Corporation launched commercial WIMAX service in mid2006 as reported Sprint (US), BT (UK), KDDI (JP), and TVA (BR) have or are trialing WIMAX. KT Corporation and SK Telecom launched WIMAX around Seoul on June 30, 2006. More about the KT launch. On April 3, 2007, KT launched WIMAX coverage for all areas of Seoul including all subway lines.

Fig 5. SERVICES2

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7. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF WIMAX

ADVANTAGES:
Single station can serve hundreds of users. Much faster development of new users comparing to wired networks. Speed of 10 Mbps at 10 kilometers with line-of- sight. It is standardized and the same frequency equipment should work together.

DISADVANTAGES:
Line of sight is required for longer connections. Weather conditions like rain could interrupt the signal. Other wireless equipment could cause interference. Multiplied frequencies are used. WIMAX is very power intensive technology and requires strong electrical support. Big installation and operational cost.

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8. THE FUTURE OF WIMAX

The IEEE 802.16 standard body members are working toward incremental evolution, from fixed operation to portability and mobility. The IEEE 802.16e amendment will amend the base specification to enable not just fixed, but also portable and mobile operation. IEEE 802.16f and IEEE 802.16g task groups are addressing the management interfaces for fixed and mobile operation. Clients will be able to hand-off between 802.16 base stations, enabling users to roam between service areas. In a fully mobile scenario users may be moving while simultaneously engaging in a broadband data access or multimedia streaming session. All of these improvements will help make WIMAX an even better Internet access solution for growing economies like that of India.

3G Max Speed Coverage Airwave Advantage

Wi-Fi 802.11 2 Mbps 54 Mbps Several miles 300 feet Unlicensed Speed ,price Short range

WIMAX 802.16 100 Mbps 50 miles Either Speed ,range Interference issues

Licensed Range ,mobility Disadvantages Slow ,expensive

Mobile-Fi 802.20 16 Mbps Several miles Licensed Speed ,mobility High price

Table 4.Relationship with different wireless technologies

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9. CONCLUSION
The latest developments in the IEEE 802.16 group are driving a broadband wireless access (r) evolution thanks to a standard with unique technical characteristics. In parallel, the WIMAX forum, backed by industry leaders, helps the widespread adoption of broadband wireless access by establishing a brand for the technology. Initially, WIMAX will bridge the digital divide and thanks to competitive equipment prices, the scope of WIMAX deployment will broaden to cover markets where the low POTS penetration, high DSL unbundling costs, or poor copper quality have acted as a brake on extensive high-speed Internet and voice over broadband.WIMAX will reach its peak by making Portable Internet a reality. When WIMAXchipsets are integrated into laptops and other portable devices, it will provide high speed data services on the move, extending today's limited coverage of public WLAN to metropolitan areas. Integrated into new generation networks with seamless roaming between various accesses, it will enable end users to enjoy an "Always Best Connected" experience. The combination of these capabilities makes WIMAX attractive for a wide diversity of people: fixed operators, mobile operators and wireless ISPs, but also for many vertical markets and local authorities. Alcatel, theworldwide broadband market leader with a market share in excess of 37%, is committed to offer complete support across the entire investment and operational cycle required for successful deployment of WIMAX services.

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10. REFERENCES
Intel Corp., IEEE 802.16* and WIMAX: Broadband Wireless Access for Everyone. WIMAX Forum, IEEE 802.16a Standard and WIMAX-Igniting Broadband Wireless Access SR TELECOM, Montreal, QC, H4S 1M5, Canada, WHITE PAPER 033-100596001, ISSUE WIMAX technology overview http://www.intel.com/netcomms/technologies/WiMAX/ WIMAX World Conference & Exposition: http://www.WiMAXworld.com/ TECHNOLOGY REV IEW Magazine.

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