1 Exam FM sample questions, from the Society of Actu-

aries and the Casualty Actuarial Society

1. Bruce deposits 100 into a bank account. His account is credited interest at a nominal rate
of interest of 4% convertible semiannually. At the same time, Peter deposits 100 into a
separate account. Peters account is credited interest at a force of interest of . After 7.25
years, the value of each account is the same. Calculate .
(A) 0.0388 (B) 0.0392 (C) 0.0396 (D) 0.0404 (E) 0.0414
2. Kathryn deposits 100 into an account at the beginning of each 4year period for 40 years.
The account credits interest at an annual eective interest rate of i. The accumulated
amount in the account at the end of 40 years is X, which is 5 times the accumulated
amount in the account at the end of 20 years. Calculate X.
(A) 4695 (B) 5070 (C) 5445 (D) 5820 (E) 6195
3. Eric deposits X into a savings account at time 0, which pays interest at a nominal rate of
i, compounded semiannually. Mike deposits 2X into a dierent savings account at time 0,
which pays simple interest at an annual rate of i. Eric and Mike earn the same amount of
interest during the last 6 months of the 8-th year. Calculate i.
(A) 9.06% (B) 9.26% (C) 9.46% (D) 9.66% (E) 9.86%
4. John borrows 10,000 for 10 years at an annual eective interest rate of 10%. He can repay
this loan using the amortization method with payments of 1,627.45 at the end of each year.
Instead, John repays the 10,000 using a sinking fund that pays an annual eective interest
rate of 14%. The deposits to the sinking fund are equal to 1,627.45 minus the interest on
the loan and are made at the end of each year for 10 years. Determine the balance in the
sinking fund immediately after repayment of the loan.
(A) 2130 (B) 2180 (C) 2230 (D) 2300 (E) 2370
5. An association had a fund balance of 75 on January 1 and 60 on December 31. At the
end of every month during the year, the association deposited 10 from membership fees.
There were withdrawals of 5 on February 28, 25 on June 30, 80 on October 15, and 35 on
October 31. Calculate the dollarweighted rate of return for the year.
(A) 9.0% (B) 9.5% (C) 10.0% (D) 10.5% (E) 11.0%
6. A perpetuity costs 77.1 and makes annual payments at the end of the year. The perpetuity
pays 1 at the end of year 2, 2 at the end of year 3, . . . n at the end of year (n + 1). After
year (n + 1), the payments remain constant at n. The annual eective interest rate is
10.5%. Calculate n.
(A) 17 (B) 18 (C) 19 (D) 20 (E) 21
1
7. 1000 is deposited into Fund X, which earns an annual eective rate of 6%. At the end
of each year, the interest earned plus an additional 100 is withdrawn from the fund. At
the end of the tenth year, the fund is depleted. The annual withdrawals of interest and
principal are deposited into Fund Y , which earns an annual eective rate of 9%. Determine
the accumulated value of Fund Y at the end of year 10.
(A) 1519 (B) 1819 (C) 2085 (D) 2273 (E) 2431
8. You are given the following table to interest rates.
Calendar year Investment year rates Portfolio
of original (in %) rates
investment (in %)
y i
y
1
i
y
2
i
y
3
i
y
4
i
y
5
i
y+5
1992 8.25 8.25 8.4 8.5 8. 8.35
1993 8.5 8.7 8.75 8.9 9.0 8.6
1994 9.0 9.0 9.1 9.1 9.2 8.85
1995 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.1
1996 9.25 9.35 9.5 9.55 9.6 9.35
1997 9.5 9.5 9.6 9.7 9.7
1998 10.0 10.0 9.9 9.8
1999 10.0 9.8 9.7
2000 9.5 9.5
2001 9.0
A person deposits 1000 on January 1, 1997. Let the following be the accumulated value of
the 1000 on January 1, 2000:
P: under the investment year method
Q: under the portfolio yield method
R: where the balance is withdrawn at the end of every year and is reinvested at the new
money rate Determine the ranking of P, Q, and R.
(A) P > Q > R (B) P > R > Q (C) Q > P > R (D) R > P > Q (E)
R > Q > P
9. A 20year loan of 1000 is repaid with payments at the end of each year. Each of the rst
ten payments equals 150% of the amount of interest due. Each of the last ten payments is
X. The lender charges interest at an annual eective rate of 10%. Calculate X.
(A) 32 (B) 57 (C) 70 (D) 97 (E) 117
10. A 10,000 par value 10-year bond with 8% annual coupons is bought at a premium to yield
2
an annual eective rate of 6%. Calculate the interest portion of the 7th coupon.
(A) 632 (B) 642 (C) 651 (D) 660 (E) 667
11. A perpetuityimmediate pays 100 per year. Immediately after the fth payment, the
perpetuity is exchanged for a 25year annuityimmediate that will pay X at the end of
the rst year. Each subsequent annual payment will be 8% greater than the preceding
payment. The annual eective rate of interest is 8Calculate X .
(A) 110 (B) 120 (C) 130 (D) 140 (E) 150
12. Je deposits 10 into a fund today and 20 fteen years later. Interest is credited at a nominal
discount rate of d compounded quarterly for the rst 10 years, and at a nominal interest
rate of 6% compounded semiannually thereafter. The accumulated balance in the fund at
the end of 30 years is 100. Calculate d.
(A) 4.33% (B) 4.43% (C) 4.53% (D) 4.63% (E) 4.73%
13. Ernie makes deposits of 100 at time 0, and X at time 3. The fund grows at a force of
interest
t
=
t
2
100
, t > 0. The amount of interest earned from time 3 to time 6 is X.
Calculate X.
(A) 385 (B) 485 (C) 585 (D) 685 (E) 785
14. Mike buys a perpetuityimmediate with varying annual payments. During the rst 5
years, the payment is constant and equal to 10. Beginning in year 6, the payments start
to increase. For year 6 and all future years, the current years payment is K% larger than
the previous years payment. At an annual eective interest rate of 9.2%, the perpetuity
has a present value of 167.50. Calculate K, given K < 9.2.
(A) 4.0 (B) 4.2 (C) 4.4 (D) 4.6 (E) 4.8
15. A 10year loan of 2000 is to be repaid with payments at the end of each year. It can be
repaid under the following two options:
(i) Equal annual payments at an annual eective rate of 8.07%.
(ii) Installments of 200 each year plus interest on the unpaid balance at an annual eective
rate of i.
The sum of the payments under option (i) equals the sum of the payments under option
(ii). Determine i.
(A) 8.75% (B) 9.00% (C) 9.25% (D) 9.50% (E) 9.75%
16. A loan is amortized over ve years with monthly payments at a nominal interest rate of
9% compounded monthly. The rst payment is 1000 and is to be paid one month from
the date of the loan. Each succeeding monthly payment will be 2% lower than the prior
payment. Calculate the outstanding loan balance immediately after the 40th payment is
3
made.
(A) 6751 (B) 6889 (C) 6941 (D) 7030 (E) 7344
17. To accumulate 8000 at the end of 3n years, deposits of 98 are made at the end of each of
the rst n years and 196 at the end of each of the next 2n years. The annual eective rate
of interest is i. You are given (l +i)
n
= 2.0. Determine i.
(A) 11.25% (B) 11.75% (C) 12.25% (D) 12.75% (E) 13.25%
18. Olga buys a 5year increasing annuity for X. Olga will receive 2 at the end of the rst
month, 4 at the end of the second month, and for each month thereafter the payment
increases by 2. The nominal interest rate is 9% convertible quarterly. Calculate X.
(A) 2680 (B) 2730 (C) 2780 (D) 2830 (E) 2880
19. You are give the following information about two funds:
Account K
Fund value
Date before activity Deposits Withdrawals
January 1, 1999 100
July 1, 1999 125 x
October 1, 1999 110.0 2x
December 31, 1999 125.0
Account L
Fund value
Date before activity Deposits Withdrawals
January 1, 1999 100
July 1, 1999 125 x
December 31, 1999 105.8
During 1999, the dollarweighted (moneyweighted) return for investment account K
equals the time-weighted return for investment account L, which equals i. Calculate i.
(A) 10% (B) 12% (C) 15% (D) 18% (E) 20%
20. David can receive one of the following two payment streams:
(i) 100 at time 0, 200 at time n, and 300 at time 2n
(ii) 600 at time 10
At an annual eective interest rate of i, the present values of the two streams are equal.
Given
n
= 0.75941, determine i.
(A) 3.5% (B) 4.0% (C) 4.5% (D) 5.0% (E) 5.5%
4
21. Payments are made to an account at a continuous rate of (8k + tk), where 0 t 10.
Interest is credited at a force of interest
t
=
1
8+t
. After 10 years, the account is worth
20, 000. Calculate k.
(A) 111 (B) 116 (C) 121 (D) 126 (E) 131
22. You have decided to invest in two bonds. Bond X is an n-year bond with semi-annual
coupons, while bond Y is an accumulation bond redeemable in
n
2
years. The desired yield
rate is the same for both bonds. You also have the following information:
Bond X
Par value is 1000.
The ratio of the semi-annual bond rate to the desired semi-annual yield rate,
r
i
is
1.03125.
The present value of the redemption value is 381.50.
Bond Y
Redemption value is the same as the redemption value of bond X.
Price to yield is 647.80.
What is the price of bond X?
(A) 1019 (B) 1029 (C) 1050 (D) 1055 (E) 1072
23. Project P requires an investment of 4000 at time 0. The investment pays 2000 at time 1
and 4000 at time 2. Project Q requires an investment of X at time 2. The investment pays
2000 at time 0 and 4000 at time 1. The net present values of the two projects are equal at
an interest rate of 10%. Calculate X.
(A) 5400 (B) 5420 (C) 5440 (D) 5460 (E) 5480
24. A 20year loan of 20, 000 may be repaid under the following two methods:
(i) amortization method with equal annual payments at an annual eective rate of 6.5%
(ii) sinking fund method in which the lender receives an annual eective rate of 8% and
the sinking fund earns an annual eective rate of j
Both methods require a payment of X to be made at the end of each year for 20 years.
Calculate j .
(A) j 6.5% (B) 6.5% < j 8.0% (C) 8.0% < j 10.0% (D) 10.0% < j 12.0%
(E) j > 12.0%
25. A perpetuityimmediate pays X per year. Brian receives the rst n payments, Colleen
receives the next n payments, and Je receives the remaining payments. Brians share of
5
the present value of the original perpetuity is 40%, and Jes share is K. Calculate K.
(A) 24% (B) 28% (C) 32% (D) 36% (E) 40%
26. Seth, Janice, and Lori each borrow 5000 for ve years at a nominal interest rate of 12%,
compounded semiannually. Seth has interest accumulated over the ve years and pays all
the interest and principal in a lump sum at the end of ve years. Janice pays interest at the
end of every six-month period as it accrues and the principal at the end of ve years. Lori
repays her loan with 10 level payments at the end of every six-month period. Calculate
the total amount of interest paid on all three loans.
(A) 8718 (B) 8728 (C) 8738 (D) 8748 (E) 8758
27. Bruce and Robbie each open up new bank accounts at time 0. Bruce deposits 100 into
his bank account, and Robbie deposits 50 into his. Each account earns an annual eective
discount rate of d. The amount of interest earned in Bruces account during the 11th year
is equal to X. The amount of interest earned in Robbies account during the 17th year is
also equal to X. Calculate X.
(A) 28.0 (B) 31.3 (C) 34.6 (D) 36.7 (E) 38.9
28. Ron has a loan with a present value of a
n

|
. The sum of the interest paid in period t plus
the principal repaid in period t + 1 is X. Calculate X.
(A) 1 +

nt
i
(B) 1 +

nt
d
(C) 1 +
nt
i (D) 1 +
nt
d (E) 1 +
nt
29. At an annual eective interest rate of i, i% > 0, the present value of a perpetuity paying
10 at the end of each 3year period, with the rst payment at the end of year 3, is 32. At
the same annual eective rate of i, the present value of a perpetuity paying 1 at the end
of each 4month period, with rst payment at the end of 4 months, is X. Calculate X.
(A) 31.6 (B) 32.6 (C) 33.6 (D) 34.6 (E) 35.6
30. As of 12/31/03, an insurance company has a known obligation to pay $1,000,000 on
12/31/2007. To fund this liability, the company immediately purchases 4-year 5% an-
nual coupon bonds totaling $822,703 of par value. The company anticipates reinvestment
interest rates to remain constant at 5Under the following reinvestment interest rate move-
ment scenarios eective 1/1/2004, what best describes the insurance companys prot or
(loss) as of 12/31/2007 after the liability is paid?
6
interest rate drop by 1/2% interest rate increase by 1/2%
(A) +6606 +11147
(B) (14757) +14418
(C) (18911) +19185
(D) (1313) +1323
(E) Break even Break even
31. An insurance company has an obligation to pay the medical costs for a claimant. Average
annual claims costs today are $5,000, and medical ination is expected to be 7% per year.
The claimant is expected to live an additional 20 years. Claim payments are made at yearly
intervals, with the rst claim payment to be made one year from today. Find the present
value of the obligation if the annual interest rate is 5%.
(A) 87,932 (B) 102,514 (C) 114,611 (D) 122,634 (E) Cannot be determined
32. An investor pays $100,000 today for a 4-year investment that returns cash ows of $60,000
at the end of each of years 3 and 4. The cash ows can be reinvested at 4.0% per annum
eective. If the rate of interest at which the investment is to be valued is 5.0%, what is the
net present value of this investment today?
(A) 1398 (B) 699 (C) 699 (D) 1398 (E) 2, 629
33. You are given the following information with respect to a bond:
par amount: 1000
term to maturity: 3 years
annual coupon rate 6% payable annually
term Annual Spot Interest Rates
1 7%
2 8%
3 9%
Calculate the value of the bond.
(A) 906 (B) 926 (C) 930 (D) 950 (E) 1000
34. You are given the following information with respect to a bond:
par amount: 1000
term to maturity: 3 years
annual coupon rate 6% payable annually
7
term Annual Spot Interest Rates
1 7%
2 8%
3 9%
Calculate the annual eective yield rate for the bond if the bond is sold at a price equal to
its value.
(A) 8.1% (B) 8.3% (C) 8.5% (D) 8.7% (E) 8.9%
35. The current price of an annual coupon bond is 100. The derivative of the price of the bond
with respect to the yield to maturity is 700. The yield to maturity is an annual eective
rate of 8%. Calculate the duration of the bond.
(A) 7.00 (B) 7.49 (C) 7.56 (D) 7.69 (E) 8.00
36. Calculate the duration of a common stock that pays dividends at the end of each year into
perpetuity. Assume that the dividend is constant, and that the eective rate of interest is
10%.
(A) 7 (B) 9 (C) 11 (D) 19 (E) 27
37. Calculate the duration of a common stock that pays dividends at the end of each year into
perpetuity. Assume that the dividend increases by 2% each year and that the eective rate
of interest is 5%. (A) 27 (B) 35 (C) 44 (D) 52 (E) 58
38. Eric and Jason each sell a dierent stock short at the beginning of the year for a price
of 800. The margin requirement for each investor is 50% and each will earn an annual
eective interest rate of 8% on his margin account. Each stock pays a dividend of 16 at the
end of the year. Immediately thereafter, Eric buys back his stock at a price of (800 2X)
and Jason buys back his stock at a price of (800 + X). Erics annual eective yield, i, on
the short sale is twice Jasons annual eective yield. Calculate i.
(A) 4% (B) 6% (C) 8% (D) 10% (E) 12%
39. Jose and Chris each sell a dierent stock short for the same price. For each investor, the
margin requirement is 50% and interest on the margin debt is paid at an annual eective
rate of 6%. Each investor buys back his stock one year later at a price of 760. Joses stock
paid a dividend of 32 at the end of the year while Chriss stock paid no dividends. During
the 1-year period, Chriss return on the short sale is i, which is twice the return earned by
Jose. Calculate i.
(A) 12% (B) 16% (C) 18% (D) 20% (E) 24%
40. Bill and Jane each sell a dierent stock short for a price of 1000. For both investors, the
margin requirement is 50%, and interest on the margin is credited at an annual eective
8
rate of 6%. Bill buys back his stock one year later at a price of P. At the end of the year,
the stock paid a dividend of X. Jane also buys back her stock after one year, at a price of
(P 25). At the end of the year, her stock paid a dividend of 2X. Both investors earned
an annual eective yield of 21% on their short sales. Calculate P.
(A) 800 (B) 825 (C) 850 (D) 875 (E) 900
41. On January 1, 2005, Marc has the following options for repaying a loan:
Sixty monthly payments of 100 beginning February 1, 2005.
A single payment of 6000 at the end of K months.
Interest is at a nominal annual rate of 12% compounded monthly.
The two options have the same present value.
Determine K.
(A) 29.0 (B) 29.5 (C) 30.0 (D) 30.5 (E) 31.0
42. You are given an annuity-immediate with 11 annual payments of 100 and a nal payment
at the end of 12 years. At an annual eective interest rate of 3.5%, the present value at
time 0 of all payments is 1000. Calculate the nal payment.
(A) 146 (B) 151 (C) 156 (D) 161 (E) 166
43. A 10,000 par value bond with coupons at 8%, convertible semiannually, is being sold
3 years and 4 months before the bond matures. The purchase will yield 6% convertible
semiannually to the buyer. The price at the most recent coupon date, immediately after the
coupon payment, was 5640. Calculate the market price of the bond, assuming compound
interest throughout.
(A) 5500 (B) 5520 (C) 5540 (D) 5560 (E) 5580
44. A 1000 par value 10year bond with coupons at 5%, convertible semiannually, is selling for
1081.78. Calculate the yield rate convertible semiannually.
(A) 1.00% (B) 2.00% (C) 3.00% (D) 4.00% (E) 5.00%
45. You are given the following information about an investment account:
Date Value Immediately Before Deposit Deposit
January 1 10
July 1 12 X
December 31 X
Over the year, the timeweighted return is 0%, and the dollar-weighted return is Y . Cal-
culate Y .
(A) 25% (B) 10% (C) 0% (D) 10% (E) 25%
9
46. Seth borrows X for four years at an annual eective interest rate of 8%, to be repaid with
equal payments at the end of each year. The outstanding loan balance at the end of the
second year is 1076.82 and at the end of the third year is 559.12. Calculate the principal
repaid in the rst payment.
(A) 444 (B) 454 (C) 464 (D) 474 (E) 484
47. Bill buys a 10-year 1000 par value 6% bond with semi-annual coupons. The price assumes
a nominal yield of 6%, compounded semi-annually. As Bill receives each coupon payment,
he immediately puts the money into an account earning interest at an annual eective rate
of i . At the end of 10 years, immediately after Bill receives the nal coupon payment and
the redemption value of the bond, Bill has earned an annual eective yield of 7% on his
investment in the bond. Calculate i.
(A) 9.50% (B) 9.75% (C) 10.00% (D) 10.25% (E) 10.50%
48. A man turns 40 today and wishes to provide supplemental retirement income of 3000 at the
beginning of each month starting on his 65th birthday. Starting today, he makes monthly
contributions of X to a fund for 25 years. The fund earns a nominal rate of 8% compounded
monthly. Each 1000 will provide for 9.65 of income at the beginning of each month starting
on his 65th birthday until the end of his life. Calculate X.
(A) 324.73 (B) 326.89 (C) 328.12 (D) 355.45 (E) 450.65
49. Happy and nancially astute parents decide at the birth of their daughter that they will
need to provide 50,000 at each of their daughters 19th, 20th and 21st birthdays to fund
her college education. They plan to contribute X at each of their daughters 1st through
17th birthdays to fund the four 50,000 withdrawals. If they anticipate earning a constant
5% annual eective rate on their contributions, which the following equations of value can
be used to determine X, assuming compound interest?
(A) X[
1
.05
+
2
.05
+ +
17
.05
] = 50, 000[
1
.05
+ +
4
.05
].
(B) X[(1.05)
16
+ (1.05)
15
+ + (1.05)
1
] = 50, 000[1 + +
3
.05
].
(C) X[(1.05)
17
+ (1.05)
16
+ + 1] = 50, 000[1 + +
3
.05
].
(D) X[(1.05)
17
+ (1.05)
16
+ + (1.05)
1
] = 50, 000[1 + +
3
.05
].
(E) X[1 +
1
.05
+
2
.05
+ +
17
.05
] = 50, 000[1 + +
22
.05
].
50. A 1000 bond with semi-annual coupons at i
(2)
= 6% matures at par on October 15, 2020.
The bond is purchased on June 28, 2005 to yield the investor i
(2)
= 7%. What is the
purchase price? Assume simple interest between bond coupon dates and note that:
10
Date Day of the Year
April 15 105
June 28 179
October 15 288
(A) 906 (B) 907 (C) 908 (D) 919 (E) 925
51. Joe must pay liabilities of 1,000 due 6 months from now and another 1,000 due one year
from now. There are two available investments: a 6-month bond with face amount of 1,000,
a 8% nominal annual coupon rate convertible semiannually, and a 6% nominal annual
yield rate convertible semiannually; and a one-year bond with face amount of 1,000, a 5%
nominal annual coupon rate convertible semiannually, and a 7% nominal annual yield rate
convertible semiannually.
How much of each bond should Joe purchase in order to exactly (absolutely) match the
liabilities?
Bond I Bond II
(A) 1 .97561
(B) .93809 1
(C) .97561 .94293
(D) .93809 .97561
(E) .98345 .97561
52. (use the information on the previous question) What is Joes total cost of purchasing the
bonds required to exactly (absolutely) match the liabilities?
(A) 1894 (B) 1904 (C) 1914 (D) 1924 (E) 1934
53. (use the information on the previous question) What is the annual eective yield rate for
investment in the bonds required to exactly (absolutely) match the liabilities?
(A) 6.5% (B) 6.6% (C) 6.7% (D) 6.8% (E) 6.9%
54. Matt purchased a 20-year par value bond with semiannual coupons at a nominal annual
rate of 8% convertible semiannually at a price of 1722.25. The bond can be called at
par value X on any coupon date starting at the end of year 15 after the coupon is paid.
The price guarantees that Matt will receive a nominal annual rate of interest convertible
semiannually of at least 6%. Calculate X. (A) 1400 (B) 1420 (C) 1440 (D)
1460 (E) 1480
55. Toby purchased a 20year par value bond with semiannual coupons at a nominal annual
rate of 8% convertible semiannually at a price of 1722.25. The bond can be called at par
11
value 1100 on any coupon date starting at the end of year 15. What is the minimum
yield that Toby could receive, expressed as a nominal annual rate of interest convertible
semiannually?
(A) 3.2% (B) 3.3% (C) 3.4% (D) 3.5% (E) 3.6%
56. Sue purchased a 10year par value bond with semiannual coupons at a nominal annual rate
of 4% convertible semiannually at a price of 1021.50. The bond can be called at par value
X on any coupon date starting at the end of year 5. The price guarantees that Sue will
receive a nominal annual rate of interest convertible semiannually of at least 6%. Calculate
X. (A) 1120 (B) 1140 (C) 1160 (D) 1180 (E) 1200
57. Mary purchased a 10year par value bond with semiannual coupons at a nominal annual
rate of 4% convertible semiannually at a price of 1021.50. The bond can be called at
par value 1100 on any coupon date starting at the end of year 5. What is the minimum
yield that Mary could receive, expressed as a nominal annual rate of interest convertible
semiannually? (A) 4.8% (B) 4.9% (C) 5.0% (D) 5.1% (E) 5.2%
12
2 Answers
Answers:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
C E C A E C C D D B A C E A B
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
B C B C A A D D E D D E D B D
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45
D C B E C C B B B E A B D D A
46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57
A B A D D D B D C A E B
3 Solutions
The solutions use the notation and formulas in the Binghamton Manual.
1. Since both balances are equal, 100(1 +
0.04
2
)
(2)(7.25)
= 100e
(7.25)
, (1 +
0.04
2
)
2
= e

and
= 0.0396.
2. The cashow is
Contributions 100 100 100 100 0
Time 0 4 8 36 40
The 4year eective rate of interest is (1 + i)
4
1. So, the accumulated amount in the
account at the end of 40 years is
X = 100s
10

|(1+i)
4
1
= 100
(1 +i)
4
((1 +i)
40
1)
(1 +i)
4
1
,
and the accumulated amount in the account at the end of 20 years is
100s
5

|(1+i)
4
1
= 100
(1 +i)
4
((1 +i)
20
1)
(1 +i)
4
1
.
So, 5 = (1 +i)
20
+ 1 and (1 +i)
4
= 1.3195. So,
X = 100
(1 +i)
4
((1 +i)
40
1)
(1 +i)
4
1
= 100
(1.3195)(4
2
1)
1.3195 1
= 6194.68.
3. Erics interest is
x
_
1 +
i
2
_
16
x
_
1 +
i
2
_
15
= x
_
1 +
i
2
_
15
i
2
.
Mikes interest is 2xi
1
2
= xi. So, (1 +
i
2
)
15
= 2 and i = 9.45988%.
13
4. We nd P solving 1000 = Pa
10

|10%
, we get that P = 1627.5. The deposits to the sinking
fund are of 627.5. The value of the sinking fund after the last deposit is 627.5s
10

|14%
=
2133.33. So, the balance in the sinking fund immediately after repayment of the loan is
2133.3.
5. We have that V
0
= 75 and FV = 60. We have deposits of 10 at times
1
12
,
2
12
, . . . ,
12
12
, and
withdrawals of 5, 25, 80, 35, at respective times
2
12
,
1
2
,
9.5
12
,
10
12
. We have that
I = FV V
0

j=1
C
j
= 60 75 (10)(12) + 5 + 25 + 80 + 35 = 10
and
V
0
t +

n
j=1
(t t
j
)C
j
= (75)(1) + (10)

12
j=1
12j
12
5
_
1
1
12
_
25
_
1
1
2
_
80
_
1
9.5
12
_
35
_
1
10
12
_
= 75 +
10
12
(11)(12)
2
5
10
12
25
1
2
80
2.5
12
35
2
12
= 90.8347.
So,
i =
I
V
0
t +

n
j=1
(t t
j
)C
j
=
10
90.8347
= 11%.
6. The cashow is
Payments 0 1 2 n 1 n n
Time 1 2 3 n n + 1 n + 2
The present value at time 0 of the perpetuity is
77.1 = (Ia)
n

|i
+
n+1
n
1
i
=
a
n

|i
(1 +i) n
n
i
+

n+1
n
i
=
a
n

|i
i
.
So, 8.0955 = a
n

|10.5%
and n = 19.
7. The balances along time in the Fund X are:
Balance 1000 900 800 0
Time 0 1 2 10
Hence, the deposits at Fund Y are:
Balance 100 + (6) (10) 100 + (6) (9) 100 + (6) (8) 100 + (6) (1)
Time 1 2 3 10
14
The accumulated value of Fund Y at the end of year 10 is
100s
10

|9%
+ 6 (Ds)
10

|9%
= 100s
10

|9%
+
6(10(1+0.09)
10
s
10

|9%
)
0.09
= 1519.29 +
6(8.4807)
0.09
= 2084.67.
8. Under the investment year method, the accumulated value on January 1, 2000 is
P = (1000)(1.095)(1.095)(1.096) = 1314.131.
Under the portfolio yield method, the accumulated value on January 1, 2000 is
Q = (1000)(1.0835)(1.086)(1.0885) = 1280.817.
When the balance is withdrawn and reinvested, the accumulated value on January 1, 2000
is
R = (1000)(1.095)(1.10)(1.10) = 1324.95.
So, R > P > Q.
9. Suppose that the principal payments are 150% of the amount of interest due. If the
balance at the end of one year is B, then the interest accrued in one year is B(0.10),
the amount paid to principal is B(0.15). So, the outstanding balance becomes B(0.05).
Hence, the outstanding balance reduces by 5% each year. Hence, the balance at time 10 is
(1000)(0.95)
10
= 598.73693. Since this balance is paid by 10 payments of x, 598.7369 =
xa
10

|10%
and x = 97.44168.
10. We have that F = C = 10000, Fr = 800, i = 6% and n = 10. So,
I
7
= Ci + (Fr Ci)(1
n+1k
) = 600 + (800 600)(1 (1.06)
4
) = 641.5813.
11. The value of the perpetuity immediately after the fth payment is
100
i
= 1250. The
payments of the 25year annuityimmediate are
Inows x x(1.08) x(1.08)
2
x(1.08)
24
Time 1 2 3 25
Since i = r, the present value at time 0 of this annuity is 1250 = 25x(1.08)
1
. Hence,
25x = 50(1.08) and x = 54. TO CHECK.
12. The following series of payments has present value zero:
Contributions 10 20 100
Time 0 15 30
15
Since the rate changes at 10, we nd the present value of the payments at this time. We
have at time 10, the following series of payments have the same value
Contributions 10
Time 0
Contributions 20 100
Time 15 30
The present value at time 10 of the payments at time 15 and at time 30 is
20(1.03)
10
+ 100(1.03)
40
= 14.8818 + 30.6557 = 15.7738.
This equals the present value at time 10 of the initial deposit, i.e. 10
_
1
d
4
_
40
= 15.7738.
So, d = 4.5318%.
13. We have that
a(t) = e
R
t
0
s ds
= e
R
t
0
s
2
100
ds
= e
t
3
300
.
The accumulation of the investments at time t = 3 is 100a(3) + x. The accumulation of
the investments at time t = 6 is
a(6)
a(3)
(100a(3) +x). The amount of interest earned from
time 3 to time 6 is
x =
a(6)
a(3)
(100a(3) +x) (100a(3) +x) =
a(6) a(3)
a(3)
(100a(3) +x) .
Solving for x, we get that
x =
100a(3)(a(6)a(3))
2a(3)a(6)
=
100e
3
3
300 (e
6
3
300 e
3
3
300 )
2e
3
3
300 e
6
3
300
=
(100)(1.094174)(2.0544331.094174)
(2)(1.094174)2.054433
= 784.0595.
14. Le r =
k
100
. The cashow of the perpetuity is
Payments 10 10 10 10 10 10(1 +r) 10(1 +r)
2
10(1 +r)
3

Time 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
The present value at time 0 of this perpetuity is
167.5 = 10a
4

|i
+ 10
4
1
i r
= 32.2555 + 7.0325
1
0.092 r
.
So, r = 0.092
7.0325
167.532.2555
= 4%.
15. Let P be the amount of equal annual payments made under the rst option. Then,
Pa
10

|0.0807
= 2000. So, P = 299. The total payments are 2990. Under the second op-
tion, at time j, the loan is 2000 200j = (200)(10 j). Hence, the payment at time j is
(200)(10 (j 1))i = (200)(11 j)i. So, the total payments under the second option are
2990 =

10
j=1
(200 + (200)(11 j)i) = 2000 + 200i

10
j=1
(11 j) = 2000 + 200i

10
j=1
j =
= 2000 + 200i
1011
2
= 2000 + 11000i.
So, i = 9%.
16
16. The interest per period is i = (9/12)% = 0.75%. Let r = 0.02 and let P = 1000. The
outstanding balance immediately after the 40th payment is
B
40
= P(1 +r)
k1
a
nk

|
ir
1+r
= 1000(0.98)
39
a
20

|
0.0075+0.02
0.98
= 454.7963a
20

|0.028061
= 6889.06.
17. We have that
8000 = 98(1 +i)
2n
s
n

|i
+ 196s
2n

|i
= 98(1 +i)
2n
(1+i)
n
1
i
+ 196
(1+i)
2n
1
i
= (98)2
2 21
i
+ 196
2
2
1
i
=
980
i
So, i =
980
8000
= 0.1225 = 12.25%.
18. The cashow is:
Payments 2 4 6 120
Time (in months) 1 2 3 60
We have i
(4)
= 9%. So, i = 9.3083% and i
(12)
= 8.933%. We use the formula for the
increasing annuities with n = 60 and i = 8.933%/12 = 0.74444%:
2 (Ia)
n

|i
= 2
a
n

|i
n
n
i
=
2(10.158740)
0.00744
= 2729.21.
19. The dollarweighted return for investment account K is
125 100 +x 2x
100 x/2 + 2x/4
=
25 x
100
.
The time-weighted return for investment account L is
125
100
105.8
125 x
1 =
132.25
125 x
1 =
7.25 +x
125 x
.
So,
25x
100
=
7.25+x
125x
, x
2
150x + (25)(125) = 725 + 100x, x
2
250x 4100 = 0, and
x =
250

250
2
(4)(4100)
(2)
= 10. Hence, i =
2510
125
= 15%.
20. Since the equations of value of the two streams of payments at time zero are equal,
100 + 200
n
+ 300
2n
= 600
10
.
Using that
n
= 0.75941, we have that
600(1 +i)
10
= 600
10
= 100 + 200(0.75941) + 300(0.75941)
2
= 424.89.
So, i = 3.51%.
17
21. We have that a(t) = e
R
t
0
1
8+s
ds
= e
ln(8+t)ln 8
=
8+t
8
. The future value of the continuous
cashow is
20000 =
_
10
0
C(s)
a(10)
a(s)
ds =
_
10
0
k(8 +s)
8+10
8+s
ds =
_
10
0
18k ds = 180k.
So, k =
20000
180
= 111.11.
22. Let C be the redemption value of the bonds are. Let i be the semiannual eective interest
rate. Let = (1 + i)
1
. Then, 381.50 = C
2n
and 647.80 = C
n
. So,
381.50
647.80
=
n
and
(1 +i)
n
= 1.6980. The present value of the coupons in bond X is
Fra
2n

|i
= Fr
1
2n
i
= (1000)(1.03125)(1 (1.6980)
2
) = 673.59.
So, the total present value of the bond X is 381.50 + 673.59 = 1055.09.
23. For Project P, the net present value of the investment is
2000(1.1)
1
+ 4000(1.1)
2
4000 = 1123.967.
For Project Q, the net present value of the investment is
2000 + 4000(1.1)
1
x(1.1)
2
= 5636.364 x(1.1)
2
So, 1123.967 = 5636.364 x(1.1)
2
and x = (1.1)
2
(5636.364 1123.967) = 5460.
24. Let P be the payment under the rst option Then, 20000 = Pa
20

|0.065
and P = 1815.12.
The annual interest payment under the second option is 20000(0.08) = 1600. So, the
deposit into the sinking fund is 1815.12 1600 = 215.12. So, 20000 = 215.12s
20

|j
and
j = 14.18%.
25. The total value of the perpetuityimmediate is xa

|
=
x
i
. The present value of Brian
payments is xa
n

|i
=
x(1
n
)
i
. So, Brians proportion of the perpetuity is 1
n
= 0.40. So,

n
= 0.6. The present value of Jes payments is
2n
x
1
i
. So, Jes share is
2n
= 0.36 =
36%.
26. Seths interest is 5000((1.06)
10
1) = 3954.23. Janices interest is
(10)(5000)(0.06) = 3000. Loris semiannual payment is
5000
a
10

|0.06
= 679.34. So, Loris interest
is (10)(679.34) 5000 = 1793.4. The total amount of interest paid is 3954.23 + 3000 +
1793.4 = 8747.63.
27. Since each account earns an annual eective discount rate of d, each account earns the same
annual eective interest rate i. Bruces interest in the 11th year is 100((1+i)
11
(1+i)
10
) =
100i(1 +i)
10
. Robbies interest in the 17th year is 50((1 +i)
17
(1 +i)
16
) = 50i(1 +i)
16
.
So, 100i(1 + i)
10
= 50i(1 + i)
16
, (1 + i)
6
= 2, i = 12.24% and x = 100i(1 + i)
10
=
100(0.1224)(1 + 0.1224)
10
= 38.85.
18
28. The interest paid in period t is 1
n+1t
. The principal repaid in period t +1 is
nt
. So,
x = 1
n+1t
+
nt
= 1 +
nt
(1 ) = 1 +
nt
d.
29. The present value of the rst perpetuity is 32 =
10
(1+i)
3
1
. So, i = 9.4979%. The present
value of the second perpetuity is
1
(1+i)
1/3
1
=
1
(1.094979)
1/3
1
= 32.59.
30. Note that if the rates remain at 5%,
(0.05)(8227093)s
4

|5%
+ (8227093) = 1000000
the company pays the liability. If the interest rates drop to 4.5%, the accumulation value
of the investment is
(0.05)(8227093)s
4

|4.5%
+ (8227093) = 998687
and there is a loss of 1000000998687 = 1313. If the interest rates drop to 4.5%, the price
of the bond is
(0.05)(8227093)a
4

|5.5%
+ (8227093)(1.05)
4
= 1001323
and there exists a gain of 1001323 1000000 = 1323.
31. The cashow is
Payments 5000(1.07) 5000(1.07)
2
5000(1.07)
3
5000(1.07)
20
Time 1 2 3 20
The present value of this obligation is 5000a
20

|(1.05/1.07)1
= 122634.
32. The investor return from his investment is (60000)(1.04) + (60000) = 122400. At a rate
of interest at which the investment is to be valued is 5.0%, the net present value of this
investment today is (122400)(1.05)
4
100000 = 698.7829.
33. The price of the bond is (60)(1.07)
1
+ (60)(1.08)
2
+ 1060(1.09)
3
= 926.0296.
34. Since the price of the bond is 926.0296. To nd the yield rate, we solve for i in 926.0296 =
60a
3

|i
+ 1000(1 +i)
3
and get i = 8.9181%.
35. The duration is

d =
P

(i)(1+i)
P(i)
=
700(1.08)
100
= 7.56.
36. Here, P(i) =
D
i
and P

(i) =
D
i
2
. So, the duration is

d =
1+i
i
= 1.10.1 = 11.
37. The cashow is
19
Contributions D D(1.02) D(1.02)
2

Time 1 2 3
The present of the cashow under an eective rate of interest i, i > 0.02, is
P(i) =

k=1
D(1.02)
k1
(1 +i)
j
=
D(1 +i)
1
1
1.02
1+i
=
D
i 0.02
.
The duration is

d =
(1 +i)P

(0.05)
P(0.05)
=
(1.05)
D
(0.050.02)
2
D
0.050.02
=
1.05
0.05 0.02
= 35.
38. For Eric, P = 800 (800 2X) = 2X, M = (800)(0.50) = 400, I = (400)(0.08) = 32
and D = 16. Erics net prot is P + I D = 2X + 32 16 = 2X + 16. Erics interest is
i =
P+ID
M
=
2X+16
400
=
X+8
200
. For Jason, P = 800(800+X) = X, M = (800)(0.50) = 400,
I = (400)(0.08) = 32 and D = 16. Jasons net prot is P+ID = X+3216 = X+16.
Jasons interest is i =
P+ID
M
=
X+16
400
. Solving for X in
X+8
200
= 2
X+16
400
, we get that X = 4
and i =
X+8
200
=
4+8
200
= 6%.
39. Let x be the price at which Jose and Chris each sell a dierent stock short. For Jose,
P = 760 x, M = x(0.50), I = x(0.50)(0.06) = (0.03)x and D = 32. Joses yield is
x760+(0.03)x32
(0.5)x
. For Chris, P = 760 x, M = x(0.50), I = x(0.50)(0.06) = (0.03)x and
D = 0. Chris yield is i =
x760+(0.03)x
(0.5)x
. We have
i =
x 760 + (0.03)x
(0.5)x
= 2
x 760 + (0.03)x 32
(0.5)x
or
2
1520
x
+ 0.06 = 4
3040
x
+ 0.12
128
x
which implies (1520 + 3040 + 128)
1
x
= 4 + 0.12 2 0.06 and x =
1520+3040+128
4+0.1220.06
= 800.
The interest is i =
800760+(0.03)(800)
(0.5)(800)
= 16%.
40. For Bill, prot= 1000 P, M = (0.5)(1000) = 500, I = 500(0.06) = 30 and D = x.
Bills yield is 0.21 =
1000P+30x
500
. So, P + x = 925. For Jane, prot= 1000 (P 25) =
1025 P, M = (0.5)(1000) = 500, I = 500(0.06) = 30 and D = 2x. Janes yield is
0.21 =
1025P+302x
500
. So, P +2x = 950. From the equations, P +x = 925 and P +2x = 950,
we get x = 25 and P = 900.
41. We have that (100)a
60

|1%
= 4495.504 = 6000(1.1)
k
and k = 29.01226977.
42. The cashow is
20
Contributions 100 100 100 2x
Time 1 2 11 12
We solve the equation
1000 = 100a
11

|3.5%
+x(1.035)
12
= 100a
12

|3.5%
+ (x 100)(1.035)
12
.
Pressing in the calculator, 12 N -1000 PV 3.5 I/Y 100 PMT CPT FV
We get that x 100 = 50.87 and x = 150.87.
43. Using the theoretical method, the market price of the bond is
B
m
k+t
= B
k
(1 +i)
t
Fr
_
(1 +i)
t
1
i
_
.
Since 6 months is a period, 2 months is t =
1
3
periods. So,
B
m
k+t
= (5640)(1.03)
1/3
(400)
_
(1.03)
1/3
1
0.03
_
= 5563.82.
44. We have F = C = 1000, r = 2.5%, Fr = 25 and n = 20. We solve the equation
1081.78 = 25a
20

|i%
+ 1000(1 +i)
20
and get that i = 2%. The annual yield rate convertible semiannually is i
(2)
= 4%.
45. Since the timeweighted return is 0%,
12
10
x
12+x
= 1. So, x = 60. The dollarweighted return
y satises
y =
10 + 60 60
(10)(1) + (60)(1/2)
= 0.25 = 25%.
46. Let P be the amount of each payment. The outstanding loan balance at the end of the
second year is 1076.82 = Pa
2

|0.08
. So, P = 603.85. The principal repaid in the rst
payment is P
n
= 603.85(1.08)
4
= 443.85.
47. Since Bill got an eective annual rate of interest of 7% in his investment, Bill got at the
end 1000(1.07)
10
= 1967.15. The coupon payments are 1000(.03) = 30. So, 1967.15 =
30s
20

|i
(2)
/2
+ 1000 and 967.15 = 30s
20

|i
(2)
/2
. So, i
(2)
/2 = 4.7597% and i = 9.7459%.
48. To get an income of $1, the man needs
1000
9.65
. So, to get an income of $3000, the man needs
(3000)(1000)
9.65
= 310880.83. We solve for x in the equation xs
(25)(12)

|8%/12
= xs
300

|0.33333%
=
310880.83 and we get x = 324.72.
21
49. In (A), X[
1
.05
+
2
.05
+ +
17
.05
] is the PV at time 0 of the investment payments. 50, 000[
1
.05
+
+
4
.05
] is the PV at time 17 of the liability payments. (A) is not correct.
In (B), X[
1
.05
+
2
.05
+ +
17
.05
] has only 16 payments. The parents made 17 payments.
(B) is not correct.
In (C), X[(1.05)
17
+ (1.05)
16
+ + 1] has 18 payments. The parents made 17 payments.
(C) is not correct.
In (D), X[(1.05)
17
+(1.05)
16
+ +(1.05)
1
] is the PV at time 18 of the investment payments.
50, 000[1 + +
3
.05
] is the PV at time 18 of the liability payments. (D) is correct.
In (E), X[1 +
1
.05
+
2
.05
+ +
17
.05
] has 18 payments. The parents made 17 payments. (E)
is not correct.
50. We have F = C = 1000, r = 3%, Fr = 30 and i = 3.5%. On April 15, 2005, there are 31
periods left. So, the price of the bond on April 15, 2005 is
30a
31

|3.5%
+ 1000(1.035)
31
= 906.3186.
Assuming simple interest the purchase price of the bond is
906.3186
_
1 +
179 105
365
0.07
_
= 918.1808.
51. (i) The cash ow of liabilities is
Liabilities 1000 1000
Time (in months) 6 12
Let x be the amount of the six-month bond, which Joe buys. Let y be the amount of the
one-year bond, which Joe buys. The cash ow of assets is
Assets 1040x+25y 1025y
Time (in months) 6 12
To match the liabilities, x and y must satisfy
1040x + 25y = 1000, 1025y = 1000,
i.e. y =
1000
1025
= 0.9756098 and x =
100025y
1040
= 0.9380863.
52. The price of the six-month bond is (1040)(1.03)
1
= 1009.709. The price of the one-year
bond is (25)(1.035)
1
+ (1025)(1.035)
2
= 981.0031. Joes total cost of purchasing the
bonds is
(0.9380863)(1009.709) + (0.9756098)(981.0031) = 1904.27.
22
53. We solve for i
(2)
in the equation
1904.27 = (1000)
_
1 +
i
(2)
2
_
1
+ (1000)
_
1 +
i
(2)
2
_
2
to get i
(2)
= 6.6664% and i = 6.7775%.
54. We have F = C = x, P = 1722.25, r = 4%, i = 3.5% and n = 40. Since r > i, the bond
was sold at premium. We assume that the redemption value is as soon as possible. The
price of the bond is
1722.25 = (0.04)xa
30

|3%
+x(1.03)
30
= 1.196004x
and x = 1440.004.
55. We have F = C = 1100, P = 1722.25, r = 4% and Fr = 44. Since P > C, the bond was
bought at premium. We assume that the redemption value is as soon as possible. From
the equation
1722.25 = (44)a
30

|i
+ 1100(1 +i)
30
we get that i = 1.60824% and i
(2)
= 3.20165%.
56. We have F = C = x, P = 1021.50, r = 2%, i = 3%, Fr = (0.02)x and n = 20. Since
i > r, the bond was bought at discount. We assume that the redemption value is as late
as possible. From the equation
1021.50 = (0.02)xa
20

|3%
+x(1.03)
20
= (0.8512253)x
we get that x = 1200.035.
57. We have F = C = 1100, P = 1021.50, r = 2%, Fr = 22 and n = 20. Since C > P, the
bond was bought at discount. We assume that the redemption value is as late as possible.
From the equation
1021.50 = 22a
20

|i
+ 1100(1 +i)
20
we get that i = 2.4558 and i
(2)
= 4.9117%.
23