Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
IMPORTANT
SAFETY DISCLAIMER
AHRI does not set safety standards and does not certify or guarantee the safety of any products, components or systems designed, tested, rated, installed or operated in accordance with this standard/guideline. It is strongly recommended that products be designed, constructed, assembled, installed and operated in accordance with nationally recognized safety standards and code requirements appropriate for products covered by this standard/guideline. AHRI uses its best efforts to develop standards/guidelines employing state-of-the-art and accepted industry practices. AHRI does not certify or guarantee that any tests conducted under its standards/guidelines will be nonhazardous or free from risk.
Copyright 2008, by Air-Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute Registered United States Patent and Trademark Office
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE Purpose ......................................................................................................................................... 1 Scope ............................................................................................................................................ 1 Definitions .................................................................................................................................... 1 Factors Affecting Humidification Load ....................................................................................... 2 Humidification Load Determination ............................................................................................ 3 Equipment Selection..................................................................................................................... 5 Installation Practices..................................................................................................................... 7 Servicing Practices ....................................................................................................................... 8
TABLES Table 1. Table 2. Table 3. Humidification Load Required ...................................................................................................... 3 Correction Factor for Other Indoor Temperatures and RH Conditions........................................ 4 Selection Based on Water Hardness ............................................................................................. 5
APPENDICES Appendix A. Appendix B. Appendix C. References Normative ............................................................................................................... 9 References Informative ............................................................................................................. 9 Periodic Maintenance Checklist Informative .......................................................................... 10
Section 2. Scope
2.1 Scope. This guideline applies to Central System and Self-Contained Humidifiers, as defined in AHRI Standards 610 and 620, installed in residential and small commercial applications.
Section 3. Definitions
3.1 Definitions. All terms in this document follow the standard industry definitions in the current edition of ASHRAE Terminology of Heating, Ventilation, Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration unless otherwise defined in this section. 3.2 Humidifier. A device used to add moisture to the air. 3.2.1 Central System Humidifier. A class of Humidifier intended to discharge moisture into the air stream of a central air system. It may be mounted in or on the following: a. b. c. d. e. f. Return air duct Return air plenum Supply air duct Supply air plenum By-pass (supply to return) Heating or cooling central air system
3.2.2 Self-Contained Humidifier for Residential Application (Self-Contained Humidifier). A class of Humidifier intended for non-ducted installation, but may be employed in ductwork to be installed with a water make-up line and/or drain and electrical service independent of a central air system. It may or may not be installed within the humidified space. Humidification Capacity. The capacity associated with a Central System Humidifiers ability to add moisture to air 3.3 expressed in gal/day [L/day] of continuous operation. Humidification Load. The amount of water discharged by the humidifier required to satisfy the conditions 3.4 desired in the space gal/day [Liter/day]. 3.5 Humidifier Types. 3.5.1 Atomizing (Centrifugal, Nozzle, Ultrasonic). A type of Humidifier intended for duct applications in which water is dispersed to air as a fine mist. 3.5.2 Heated Tank. A type of Humidifier which generates steam or evaporates water into the ductwork or conditioned space using an energy source.
3.5.3 Wetted Media. A type of Humidifier intended for duct applications in which water passes over media placed in the air stream. As the air passes through the wetted media, water evaporates increasing the moisture content of the air stream. The water not evaporated is drained, retained in the reservoir, or returned to a tank for recirculation. 3.6 Rating Conditions. Any set of operating conditions under which a single level of performance results and which causes only that level of performance to occur. 3.6.1 Standard Rating Conditions. characteristics. 3.7 Rating Conditions used as the basis of comparison for performance
Should. Should is used to indicate provisions which are not mandatory but which are desirable as good practice.
3.8 Water Hardness. The presence of mineral solids (e.g., calcium, iron, magnesium, and sodium) that are naturally present in the water and are expressed as grains/gal [grams/Liter] or ppm. 3.8.1 Degrees of Water Hardness. 3.8.1.1 Hard Water. Unconditioned water with a dissolved solid content of 7.0 to 10.5 grains/gal [0.120 to 0.180 grams/Liter] 120 to 180 ppm. 3.8.1.2 Moderate Hard Water. Unconditioned water with a dissolved solid content of 3.5 to less than 7.0 grains/gal [0.060 to less than 0.120 grams/Liter] or 60 to less than 120 ppm. 3.8.1.3 Naturally Soft Water. Unconditioned water with a dissolved solid content usually below 3.5 grains/gal [0.06 grams/Liter] or 60 ppm. 3.8.1.4 Very Hard Water. Unconditioned water gal/day [Litre/day] with a solid content of more than 10.5 grains/gal [0.180 grams/Liter] or 180 ppm. 3.9 Water Types. 3.9.1 Demineralized Water. Water which is largely free from particles and dissolved substances having a conductivity below 0.2 micro-Siemens per centimeter (S/cm). 3.9.2 Softened Water. Water that has been conditioned by the ion exchange process (used widely in residential treatment) to exchange calcium and magnesium ions with sodium or potassium ions.
AHRI GUIDELINE F-2008 (formerly ARI GUIDELINE F-2008) e. Internal load generated (1) In calculating humidity load requirements in residential applications, internal load factors are not included because of the variation in living habits, e.g., bathing and laundry habits, cooking, number of occupants, etc. 4.1.1 Outdoor Design Conditions. The outdoor design conditions to be used for calculating humidity requirements are 0.0F [-18C] to 20F [-6.7C] and 80% to 70% RH. 4.1.2 Indoor Design Conditions. 1 The indoor design conditions to be used for the calculation of humidity requirements are 75 F [24 C] and 30% RH. 4.1.3 Ventilation. Ventilation in a residence is, in most current practices, handled by infiltration. Some installations use a positive inlet duct. For load estimates, calculate the infiltration and positive air quantity (if any) and add them together. 4.1.3.1 Infiltration. Infiltration may be estimated as follows: a. b. c. For tight construction, use air change per hour. For average construction, use 1 air change per hour. For loose construction and/or maximum ventilation factor, use 1.5 air changes per hour.
The ASHRAE Handbook HVAC Systems and Equipment defines a tight house as one ...assumed to be well insulated and to have vapor retarders, tight storm doors, windows with weather-stripping, and a dampered fireplace. An average house is insulated and has vapor retarders, loose storm doors and windows, and a dampered fireplace. A loose house is generally one constructed before 1930 with little or no insulation, no storm doors, no insulated windows, no weatherstripping, no vapor retarders, and often a fireplace without an effective damper. Any air exhausted from or fresh outdoor air being introduced into the home will increase the Humidification Load.
Loads shown in the table are based on indoor conditions of 75F [24 C ] and 30% RH with 0.0F [-18C ] and 80% RH outdoors. An amount of 2.0 gallons per day [7.6 liters per day] may be deducted from these figures if it is desired to take credit for internal sources of moisture (based on a family of four).
Obtained from Standard Rating Conditions of AHRI Standards 610 and 620.
Note: This table provides the correction factor to use for other indoor temperatures and RH conditions. Multiply Humidification Load Required from Table 1 by the appropriate correction factor in Table 2.
5.2 If it is desired to calculate the Humidification Load for any reason, such as for buildings of unusual design, the following equation will be used: Calculate the indoor conditioned volume of the building. V = (width) (length) (height) 1
(D)(V)(R)(G) ( a )( )( )
S+L=
(V)(R)(G) 33,082
5.2.1
Example. 1. 2. 3. 4. Space being humidified (volume of the building): V = 40.0 ft [12.2 m] wide 50.0 ft [15.2 m] long 8.0 ft [2.4 m] high = 16,000 ft3 [453.1 m3] Air changes per hour (tight construction) = 1/2 (See 4.1.3.1) Assume S=L=0, G1 (indoor) at 75F [24C] & 30% RH = 39 grains/lb dry air [5.6 grams/kg dry air] (See 4.1.2.) G2 (outdoor) at 0.0F [-18C] & 80% RH = 4 grains/lb dry air [0.6 grams/kg dry air] (See 4.1.1.) G = G1 (indoor) - G2 (outdoor) = 35 grains/lb dry air [5.0 grams/kg dry air] Note: Values of the air moisture contents G1 & G2 are obtained from a psychometric chart. If the indoor room conditions were 75 F & 40% RH, then from Table 2, the correction factor is 1.4. Thus, the corrected humidification load requirement is 8.5x1.4 = 11.9 gal/day [32x1.4=44.8 L/day]
5.
6.
= 8.5 gal/day
(D) (V) (R) (G) (24) (453.1) (0.5) (5.0) = = 32.0 L/day (a )( )( ) (1,000) (0.848) (1.0)
5.3 When additional outside air is being introduced into the home using devices such as fresh air systems, exhaust fans, or open fireplace dampers, additional humidification may be required. Equation 3 will assist in this calculation. Determine amount of outside air being introduced per hour. Using the Equation 1 determine the additional Humidification Load.
(D) (OAV) ( G) ( a )( )( )
= 6.4 gal/day
Humidifier construction should use non-corrodible components. Excessive water hardness can increase maintenance requirements of Humidifiers.
AHRI GUIDELINE F-2008 (formerly ARI GUIDELINE F-2008) 6.3 Limitations. 6.3.1 In all cases, equipment should be used only within the recommended limitations specified by the manufacturer except where specific approval for deviation is obtained from the manufacturer. 6.3.2 Services available, i.e., electricity, water, drain, physical layout, space available, accessibility for service, etc., may further limit the selection of equipment. 6.4 Capacity Adjustments. 6.4.1 Central System Humidifiers. 6.4.1.1 The ANSI/AHRI Standard 610 rated capacity should be corrected to the actual capacity to be realized in a given system by the following method: a. Adjust to reflect actual amount of time the system operates (usually 75% of total time, but this can vary based on heating equipment selected) to maintain the temperature desired in the space when minimum outside design temperatures exist. Note: Humidifiers may turn on the system air mover when an increase in humidity is required. b. Adjust to reflect actual temperature of the air passing into the evaporative equipment when such temperature is other than that used in the standard rating. (See manufacturers specifications.) Adjust to reflect actual static pressure differential from supply to return side of the system when such differential is other than the 0.20 in H2O [50 Pa] used in the standard rating and select the evaporative equipment utilizing this method of inducing airflow through the Humidifier. (See manufacturers specifications.) Adjust to reflect the velocity of airflow through the system when such differs from the 800 ft/min [4 m/s] used in the standard rating. (See manufacturers specifications.) Adjust to reflect any other deviation from AHRI Standard Rating Conditions specifically required by the manufacturers published literature, i.e., water pressure, etc. (See manufacturers specifications.) Adjust to reflect supplementary water temperature to be used when that temperature is other than the temperature used in the standard rating. (See manufacturer's specifications.)
c.
d.
e.
f.
6.4.2
Self-Contained Humidifiers. 6.4.2.1 The ANSI/AHRI Standard 620 rated capacity to satisfy the demand load calculated should be corrected to the actual capacity to be realized from the equipment by the following method: a. Adjust to reflect supplementary water temperature to be used when that temperature is other than the temperature used in the standard rating. (See manufacturers specifications.) Adjust to reflect any other deviation from AHRI Standard Rating Conditions specifically required by the manufacturers published literature, i.e., water pressure, etc. (See manufacturers specifications.)
b.
6.5
Accessory Selection. 6.5.1 Humidistat. Manufacturers recommendations should be followed to obtain optimum performance and to avoid possible problems. 6.5.1.1 A humidistat control is recommended to prevent the possibility of over humidification.
AHRI GUIDELINE F-2008 (formerly ARI GUIDELINE F-2008) 6.5.1.2 A humidistat control should be used when any Central System Humidifier is selected for use on a system to be operated on constant air circulation. 6.5.1.3 A humidistat control should be used when any type Humidifier is selected that has a corrected capacity rating under actual operating conditions that exceeds the demand load calculated. 6.5.2 Other Accessories. Re-circulating pumps, valves, etc. should be selected as recommended by the manufacturer of the Humidifier selected. 6.6 Building Codes. Equipment should be selected to meet all pertinent local, state, or national codes. This applies to Humidifiers, humidistats, and other accessory items.
AHRI GUIDELINE F-2008 (formerly ARI GUIDELINE F-2008) 7.5 Start-Up and Check-Out. After installation is completed, operate the total system through several complete cycles of events, preferably with a system thermostat and humidistat, if installed. Observe for normal operation as recommended by manufacturer. Following the running of several complete cycles of events, set the thermostat system switch, temperature selector and humidistat at customers desired settings. It is also wise to have the customer perform all steps for familiarization. Before leaving the premises, review the owners manual with the customer. 7.6 Customer Education. THIS CAN BE THE MOST IMPORTANT STEP IN THE INSTALLATION. Explain to the customer what to expect from the Humidifier. Also, instruct the customer in the proper cleaning and operation in order to instill self-confidence and make them aware of any precautions while doing this. Explain anything that they may later see or hear to prevent anxiety or dissatisfaction, such as condensation on windows, normal mineral buildup, normal operating sounds, etc. Mention that there may be a time lag before the set humidity level is achieved. Also indicate the advantages of humidification which they will enjoy and be sure to explain that limitations imposed by the structure will determine the level of humidity which can be maintained. Also, teach the customer how and when to adjust the humidistat for various ranges of outdoor temperatures.
When necessary, inspect, check, clean and adjust all items listed below:
WETTED MEDIA OR ATOMIZER ........................................................................................................................ Clean or replace media, filters and flow restrictors, as required, or clean all parts, if atomizing.
HEATED TANK ...................................................................................................................................................... Replace or clean cylinder parts Replace or clean immersion heater Clean the water tank and reservoir
SUMP AND DRAIN LINES ..................................................................................................................................... Clean sump and drain lines. Make sure drains and drain lines are free of restrictions and have a constant downward slope. If installed, check the drain pump for proper operation. Check for leaks and proper water level.
FANS AND MOTORS ............................................................................................................................................. Check fan set-screw for tightness. Check fan for deterioration and balance. Lubricate motor bearings as required.
CONTROLS ............................................................................................................................................................. Check operation of the disconnect switch. Check all electrical terminals for tightness. Check water flow controls for proper operation. Check humidistat for proper operation. Key: Remarks: - OK, X - Need Additional Service,
- Repair or Replace
10
11