Sonar Radar

ATICOURSES APPLIED TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE
TECHNICAL TRAINING
(public & onsite)
SINCE 1984
Acoustic & Sonar Engineering Engineering & Data Analysis Radar, Missiles, Defense
Valid through June 2004 Volume 71
Applied Technology Institute

12960 Linden Church Road Clarksville, Maryland 21029 Tel 410-531-6034 Fax 410-531-1013 Toll Free 1-888-501-2100
www.ATIcourses.com
James W. Jenkins, Executive Director
Hello Technical Professionals, Applied Technology Institute (ATI) has been a premier independent provider of acoustic & sonar engineering, communication, defense, and space systems short courses since 1984. We deliver the highest quality professional development training courses to NASA, DOD and numerous commercial companies and contractors. Hands-on experts emphasize the big picture systems engineering perspective, illustrated with engineering design data and numerical examples. ATI seminars cover the latest methods, providing in-depth, comprehensive knowledge and skills needed to advance your career. Our instructors are world-class design experts, carefully selected for their ability to explain advanced technology in a readily understandable manner. They love to teach! Twenty-five are authors of leading textbooks, including Underwater Acoustic Modeling, A Friendly Guide to Wavelets, Applied Measurement Engineering, GPS Technology, Fundamentals of Statistical Signal Processing, and Microwave Remote Sensing. This catalog includes upcoming open enrollment dates for many courses. The inside back cover shows the full range of topics we can teach at your location. Courses taught at your site are economical when 8 or more people are interested in the subject. Our instructors average 25 years of industry experience and are able to tailor the presentation to your audience and their specific applications - in essence, customizing the course for you - at no added cost. May I suggest - peruse our website (www.ATIcourses.com) for topics of interest. Then, call us. We would welcome the opportunity to discuss your requirements and objectives. We can discuss in detail how ATI can tailor a course (or several) for your organization. Our training truly helps you remain competitive in this changing world! Very truly yours,
P.S. We would love to teach a course at YOUR SITE and tailor it to your audience at NO additional cost to you. Please call us to discuss!
Table of Contents
Sonar & Acoustic Engineering
ADVANCED UNDERSEA WARFARE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Feb 9-12, 2004 . . . . . . . . . .Middletown, Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . .4 Mar 8-11, 2004 . . . . . . . . . .Silverdale, Washington DEVELOPMENTS IN MINE WARFARE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mar 8-11, 2004 . . . . . . . . . .Panama City, Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 May 3-6, 2004 . . . . . . . . . . .Middletown, Rhode Island MECHANICS OF UNDERWATER NOISE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . June 22-24, 2004 . . . . . . . . .Washington DC/MD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 PRACTICAL SONAR SYSTEMS ENGINEERING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Apr 5-8, 2004 . . . . . . . . . . .Middletown, Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . .7 SONAR PRINCIPLES & ASW ANALYSIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mar 8-11, 2004 . . . . . . . . . .Middletown, Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . 8 June 7-10, 2004 . . . . . . . . .Silverdale, Washington STRUCTURAL ACOUSTICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Apr 20-22, 2004 . . . . . . . . . .Washington DC/MD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 SUBMARINES & THEIR COMBAT SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mar 22-24, 2004 . . . . . . . . .Middletown, Rhode Island . . . . . . . . .10 UNDERWATER ACOUSTIC MODELING & SIMULATION . . . . . . . . . . . Apr 26-29, 2004 . . . . . . . . . .Middletown, Rhode Island . . . . . . . . .11 VIBRATION & NOISE CONTROL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Feb 23-26, 2004 . . . . . . . . .Washington DC/MD . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
Radar/EW/Combat/GPS Systems
C4ISR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Apr 28-30, 2004 . . . . . . . . . .Washington DC/MD . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 ELECTRONIC WARFARE OVERVIEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mar 25-26, 2004 . . . . . . . . .Washington DC/MD . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 FUNDAMENTALS OF RADAR TECHNOLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jan 27-29, 2004 . . . . . . . . .Colorado Springs, Colorado . . . . . . . .15 May 26-28, 2004 . . . . . . . . .Solomons Island, MD FUNDAMENTALS OF ROCKETS & MISSILES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dec 9-11, 2003 . . . . . . . . . .Dayton, Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16 May 4-6, 2004 . . . . . . . . . . .Huntsville, Alabama GPS TECHNOLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dec 8-11, 2003 . . . . . . . . . .Arlington, Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 May 24-27, 2004 . . . . . . . . .Cape Canaveral, Florida IFF AND SSR BEACON IDENTIFICATION SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . . . . . Apr 13-15, 2004 . . . . . . . . . .Washington DC/MD . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 INTEGRATED COMBAT SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Apr 20-22, 2004 . . . . . . . . . .Middletown, Rhode Island . . . . . . . . .19 INTRODUCTION TO EMI NEW! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Apr 27-29, 2004 . . . . . . . . . .Reston, Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 MICROWAVE & RF CIRCUIT & COMPONENT MODELING . . . . . . . . . Nov 17-20, 2003 . . . . . . . . .Dayton, Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21 Mar 9-12, 2004 . . . . . . . . . .Washington DC/MD MICROWAVE & RF CIRCUIT DESIGN & ANALYSIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dec 16-19, 2003 . . . . . . . . .Washington DC/MD . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22 MISSILE AUTOPILOTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Feb 3-6, 2004 . . . . . . . . . . .Washington DC/MD . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23 MODERN MISSILE ANALYSIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dec 1-4, 2003 . . . . . . . . . . .Arlington, Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24 Feb 23-26, 2004 . . . . . . . . .Washington DC/MD PROPAGATION EFFECTS FOR RADAR & COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS . Apr 13-15, 2004 . . . . . . . . . .Washington DC/MD . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25 RADAR SYSTEMS DESIGN & ENGINEERING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mar 1-4, 2004 . . . . . . . . . . .Washington DC/MD . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26 RADAR TRACKING, KF & DATA FUSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Feb 9-11, 2004 . . . . . . . . . .Washington DC/MD . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27 SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR - FUNDAMENTALS . . . . . . . . . . . . Nov 17-18, 2003 . . . . . . . . .Dulles, Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28 Mar 1-2, 2004 . . . . . . . . . . .Washington DC/MD SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR ADVANCED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nov 19-20, 2003 . . . . . . . . .Dulles, Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28 Mar 3-4, 2004 . . . . . . . . . . .Washington DC/MD
Communications & Networking

BROADBAND COMMUNICATION & NETWORKING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mar 29-30, 2004 . . . . . . . . .Washington DC/MD . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29 IMPLEMENTING TCP/IP AND IPV6 NETWORKS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mar 29-30, 2004 . . . . . . . . .Washington DC/MD . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30 IP NETWORKING OVER SATELLITE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jan 20-22, 2004 . . . . . . . . .Arlington, Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31 May 18-20, 2004 . . . . . . . . .Washington DC/MD SATELLITE COMMUNICATION AN INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dec 4-5, 2003 . . . . . . . . . . .Washington DC/MD . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32 Apr 27-28, 2004 . . . . . . . . . .Baltimore, MD SATELLITE LASER COMMUNICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Apr 5-7, 2004 . . . . . . . . . . .Arlington, Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33 WIRELESS & SPREAD SPECTRUM DESIGN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mar 31-Apr 2, 2004 . . . . . . .Washington DC/MD . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
Engineering & Data Analysis

ADVANCED TOPICS IN DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING . . . . . . . . . . . June 21-24, 2004 . . . . . . . . .Washington DC/MD . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35 APPLICATIONS ORIENTED KALMAN FILTERING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Feb 23-25, 2004 . . . . . . . . .Arlington, Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36 MATLAB INTRODUCTION & APPLICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Apr 21-23, 2004 . . . . . . . . . .Washington DC/MD . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37 May 17-19, 2004 . . . . . . . . .Middletown, Rhode Island MULTI-SENSOR DATA FUSION & KALMAN FILTERING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mar 23-26, 2004 . . . . . . . . .Washington DC/MD . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38 PRACTICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING USING MATLAB . . . . . . . . . . . Mar 15-18, 2004 . . . . . . . . .Washington DC/MD . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39 June 7-10, 2004 . . . . . . . . .Middletown, Rhode Island TOTAL SYSTEMS ENGINEERING DEVELOPMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dec 9-11, 2003 . . . . . . . . . .Washington DC/MD . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40 Apr 20-22, 2004 . . . . . . . . . .Houston, Texas VIBRATION & SHOCK MEASUREMENT & TESTING . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nov 19-21, 2003 . . . . . . . . .Los Angeles, California . . . . . . . . . . .41 Feb 24-26, 2004 . . . . . . . . .San Jose, California Mar 9-11, 2004 . . . . . . . . . .Huntsville, Alabama
SIMULATION OF HUMAN INTERACTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 42 TOPICS WE CAN TEACH AT YOUR SITE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 43 COURSE REGISTRATION FORM AND/OR ADD A CO-WORKER TO OUR MAILING LIST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44 Additional courses & dates listed at www.aticourses.com Vol. 71 3
Advanced Undersea Warfare

Submarines in Shallow Water and Regional Conflicts
Summary
Advanced Undersea Warfare (USW) covers the latest information about submarine employment in future conflicts. The course is taught by a leading innovator in submarine tactics. The roles, capabilities and future developments of submarines in littoral warfare are emphasized. The technology and tactics of modern nuclear and diesel submarines are discussed. The importance of stealth, mobility, and firepower for submarine missions are illustrated by historical and projected roles of submarines. Differences between nuclear and diesel submarines are reviewed. Submarine sensors (sonar, ELINT, visual) and weapons (torpedoes, missiles, mines, special forces) are presented. Advanced USW gives you a wealth of practical knowledge about the latest issues and tactics in submarine warfare. The course provides the necessary background to understand the employment of submarines in the current world environment. Advanced USW is valuable to engineers and scientists who are working in R&D, or in testing of submarine systems. It provides the knowledge and perspective to understand advanced USW in shallow water and regional conflicts.
February 9-12, 2004

8:30am - 4:00pm
Middletown, Rhode Island March 8-11, 2004

8:30am - 4:00pm
Silverdale, Washington
$1495 Course Outline
1. Mechanics and Physics of Submarines.Stealth, mobility, firepower, and endurance. The hull - tradeoffs between speed, depth, and payload. The "Operating Envelope". The "Guts" - energy, electricity, air, and hydraulics. 2. Submarine Sensors. Passive sonar. Active sonar. Radio frequency sensors. Visual sensors. Communications and connectivity considerations. Tactical considerations of employment. 3. Submarine Weapons and Off-Board Devices.Torpedoes. Missiles. Mines. Countermeasures. Tactical considerations of employment. Special Forces. 4. Historical Employment of Submarines. Coastal defense. Fleet scouts. Commerce raiders. Intelligence and warning. Reconnaissance and surveillance. Tactical considerations of employment. 5. Cold War Employment of Submarines. The maritime strategy. Forward offense. Strategic anti-submarine warfare. Tactical considerations of employment. 6. Submarine Employment in Littoral Warfare. Overt and covert "presence". Battle group and joint operations support. Covert mine detection, localization and neutralization. Injection and recovery of Special Forces. Targeting and bomb damage assessment. Tactical considerations of employment. Results of recent out-year wargaming. 7. Littoral Warfare Threats. Types and fuzing options of mines. Vulnerability of submarines compared to surface ships. The dieselelectric or air-independent propulsion submarine "threat". The "Brownwater" acoustic environment. Sensor and weapon performance. Nonacoustic anti-submarine warfare. Tactical considerations of employment. 8. Advanced Sensor, Weapon & Operational Concepts. Strike, anti-air, and anti-theater Ballistic Missile weapons. Autonomous underwater vehicles and deployed off-board systems. Improved C-cubed. The bluegreen laser and other enabling technology. Some unsolved issues of jointness.
Instructors
Capt. James Patton (USN ret.) is President of Submarine Tactics and Technology, Inc. and is considered a leading innovator of pro- and antisubmarine warfare and naval tactical doctrine. His 30 years of experience includes actively consulting on submarine weapons, advanced combat systems, and other stealth warfare related issues to over 30 industrial and government entities. While at OPNAV, Capt. Patton actively participated in submarine weapon and sensor research and development, and was instrumental in the development of the towed array. As Chief Staff Officer at Submarine Development Squadron Twelve (SUB-DEVRON 12), and as Head of the Advanced Tactics Department at the Naval Submarine School, he was instrumental in the development of much of the current tactical doctrine. Commodore Bhim Uppal, former Director of Submarines for the Indian Navy, is now a consultant with American Systems Corporation. He will discuss the performance and tactics of diesel submarines in littoral waters. He has direct experience onboard FOXTROT, KILO, and Type 1500 diesel electric submarines. He has over 25 years of experience in diesel submarines with the Indian Navy and can provide a unique insight into the thinking, strategies, and tactics of foreign submarines. He helped purchase and evaluate Type 1500 and KILO diesel submarines.
What You Will Learn

Changing doctrinal "truths" of Undersea Warfare in Littoral Warfare. Traditional and emergent tactical concepts of Undersea Warfare. The forcing functions for required developments in platforms, sensors, weapons, and C-cubed capabilities. The roles, missions, and counters to "Rest of the World" (ROW) mines and nonnuclear submarines. Current thinking in support of optimizing the U.S. submarine for coordinated and joint operations under tactical control of the Joint Task Force Commander or CINC.
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Register online at www.aticourses.com or call ATI at 888.501.2100 or 410.531.6034
Developments in Mine Warfare

Sonar, Lidar and Unmanned Vehicles
March 8-11, 2004

8:30 am - 4:00 pm Summary
The key essentials and system concepts of mine warfare are presented in this 4-day course. This course reviews mine threat, mine countermeasures, and mine neutralization, emphasizing sonar and unmanned vehicles. The course will summarize various minehunting sonar detection and classification techniques ranging from CTFM sonars to broadband systems. Methods of navigation associated with underwater vehicles and minehunting will be introduced. Techniques utilized for mine neutralization will be presented, including new approaches using unmanned vehicles. The course is designed to provide a practical understanding of the theory and current state-ofthe-art technology in mine countermeasures. A complete set of notes will be supplied to all attendees.
Panama City, Florida May 3-6, 2004

8:30 am - 4:00 pm
Middletown, Rhode Island

1. Minehunting Environment and Non-Acoustic Sensors. Mine countermeasures doctrine. Where are the mines? What else should be measured? Review of the oceanic environment as it relates to magnetic, optic, and acoustic sensors: ambient noise, bottom backscattering, absorption, and simple propagation. Non-acoustic sensors utilizing various magnetic methods. Sensing using cameras, scanning lasers and lidar. Examples of hardware. 2. Acoustical Relationships. Fundamentals of various sonar techniques including side looking, forward looking, nonlinear, bathymetric, CTFM, and mammal sonars. Echo, passive, shadow and sub-bottom modes. Transducer relationships, near-field and farfield, single scanning beam and multiple beamforming methods. Design considerations for side looking sonar and synthetic aperture sonar. Nonlinear sonar. Sub-bottom detection systems. 3. Target Characteristics. Characteristics of various targets. Formation of echo structure. Extracting target information. 4. Platform Noise and Domes. Platform noise. Individual component noise. Vehicle noise. Helicopter noise in the ocean. Dome use and materials. 5. Signal Processing. Detection threshold and the ambiguity function. Using the target echo structure to detect shape parameters. Human aural signal processing using a dolphin-like signal. 6. Navigation. Pingers, markers, localized transponders. Long and ultra-short baseline methods. Doppler navigation sonar. Electromagnetic methods such as parabolic, range-range, azimuthal systems. GPS. 7. Neutralization. Mine neutralization and removal techniques. Approach methods using divers with hand-held sonars, ROVs, tethered and untethered vehicles. Supercavitating projectiles. 8. Minehunting Sonar Systems. Conventional U.S. surface MCM systems and systems. The U.S. Mine Countermeasures Marine Mammal Systems. Examples of newly developed MCM systems including a newly integrated MCM/Stealth system. 9. Estimating Sonar Performance with the sonar equation. 10. Side-Scan Sonar. Principles of side-scan operations. Examples illustrating the interpretation of sonar records: target and shadows, surface effects, sidelobes, design-related effects, towing effects, correction of distortions. 11. Application of Side-Scan Sonar to Minehunting. Detection of mine size objects and sonar parameter effects. Choice of frequency and range/resolution issues. Search tactics and patterns. Comparison of mine sonar systems. Positioning. Q-routes. State-of-the-art and future trends. Single Beam vs. Multi-Beam focused side scan sonars.
Instructors
Bud Volberg received his B.S. in Electrical Engineering from the University of California. He is the president of Invotron, Inc. His past experience includes president of Acoustic Systems, Inc., chief scientist of Integrated Sciences Corp. Senior Scientist for the Naval Ocean Systems Center, founder of AMETEK Electronics Division, and head of solid-state research for Stromberg-Carlson. Throughout his career, he has been a consultant to major corporations and government. He has participated in the design and development of ASW sonars and MCM sidelooking, forward looking, and bathymetric sonar systems. Other work has involved the design of mine neutralizers, undersea work systems, waterside security, and under-ice sonars. Garry A. Kozak attended Wayne State University, Detroit, majoring in Electrical Engineering. He has over 30 years of service to the oceanographic community, including 28 years in search and survey operations with side scan sonar. For the past 25 years he has been employed by Klein Associates, one of the leading manufacturers of side scan sonar systems. He has specialized in M.C.M. and C.O.O.P application of side scan sonar and has over 24 years of hands-on experience in detecting mine-like objects.
Vol. 71 5
Mechanics of Underwater Noise

Fundamentals and Advances in Acoustic Quieting
Summary
The course describes the essential mechanisms of underwater noise as it relates to ship/submarine silencing applications. The fundamental principles of noise sources, water-borne and structure-borne noise propagation, and noise control methodologies are explained. Illustrative examples will be presented. The course will be geared to those desiring a basic understanding of underwater noise and ship/submarine silencing with necessary mathematics presented as gently as possible. A full set of notes will be given to participants as well as a copy of the text, Mechanics of Underwater Noise, by Donald Ross.
June 22-24, 2004

8:30am - 4:00pm
Washington DC/MD
$1390
Instructors
Joel Garrelick has extensive experience in the general area of structural acoustics and specifically, underwater acoustics applications. As a Principal Scientist for Cambridge Acoustical Associates, Inc., CAA/Anteon, Inc. and currently Applied Physical Sciences, Inc., he has thirty plus years experience working on various ship/submarine silencing R&D projects for Naval Sea Systems Command, the Applied Physics Laboratory of Johns Hopkins University, Office of Naval Research, Naval Surface Warfare Center and Naval Research Laboratory. He has also performed aircraft noise research for the Air Force Research Laboratory and NASA and is the author of a number of articles in technical journals. Joel received his B.C.E. and M.E. from the City College of New York and his Ph.D in Engineering Mechanics from the City University of New York. Paul Arveson served as a civilian employee of the Naval Surface Warfare Center (NSWC), Carderock Division. With a BS degree in Physics, he led teams in ship acoustic signature measurement and analysis, facility calibration, and characterization projects. He designed and constructed specialized analog and digital electronic measurement systems and their sensors and interfaces, including the system used to calibrate all the US Navy's ship noise measurement facilities. He managed development of the Target Strength Predictive Model for the Navy. He conducted experimental and theoretical studies of acoustic and oceanographic phenomena for the Office of Naval Research. He has published numerous technical reports and papers in these fields. In 1999 Arveson received a Master's degree in Computer Systems Management. He established the Balanced Scorecard Institute, as an effort to promote the use of this management concept among governmental and nonprofit organizations. He is active in various technical organizations, and is a Fellow in the Washington Academy of Sciences.
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Course Outline Fundamentals. Definitions, units, sources, spectral and temporal properties, wave equation, radiation and propagation, reflection, absorption and scattering, structure-borne noise, interaction of sound and structures. Noise Sources in Marine Applications. Rotating and reciprocating machinery, pumps and fans, gears, piping systems. Noise Models for Design and Prediction. Source-pathreceiver models, source characterization, structural response and vibration transmission, deterministic (FE) and statistical (SEA) analyses. Noise Control. Principles of machinery quieting, vibration isolation, structural damping, structural transmission loss, acoustic absorption, acoustic mufflers. Fluid Mechanics and Flow Induced Noise. Turbulent boundary layers, wakes, vortex shedding, cavity resonance, fluid-structure interactions, propeller noise mechanisms, cavitation noise. Hull Vibration and Radiation. Flexural and membrane modes of vibration, hull structure resonances, resonance avoidance, ribbed-plates, thin shells, anti-radiation coatings, bubble screens. Sonar Self Noise and Reduction. On board and towed arrays, noise models, noise control for habitability, sonar domes. Ship/Submarine Scattering. Rigid body and elastic scattering mechanisms, target strength of structural components, false targets, methods for echo reduction, anechoic coatings.
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Practical Sonar Systems Engineering

April 5-8, 2004
Summary
The key essentials and system issues of configuring practical sonar systems are highlighted in this course. The course provides a step-by-step guide to understanding and designing modern sonar systems. It addresses the fundamental concepts applicable to sonar systems including sound propagation, design and use of transducers, beamforming, signal processing and displays. Design examples of surface ship active/passive sonar, variable depth sonar, and mine hunting and localization sonars are presented to illustrate the current state of the art in sonar. Performance prediction and analysis will be discussed. You will acquire the knowledge, perspective, and practical skills needed to understand modern sonar technology. The course is valuable to government and industry engineers, managers, and others who need a practical working knowledge of the theory and applications of modern sonar. You'll benefit from the more than 50 years of combined hands-on experience of the instructors and their case studies. The course examines the design trade offs and potential performance of modern sonar. Current issues, such as shallow water performance, and future trends are discussed. A complete set of notes and the text Principles of Underwater Sound by Robert Urick (McGraw-Hill) will be supplied to all attendees.
8:30am - 4:00pm

Courtyard by Marriott 401.849.8000 $1495 Course Outline
1. Sonar Systems and Equations. Active, passive, communication, and navigation sonars. The basic application of sonar equations to each type. 2. Sound Propagation. The propagation of sound in the ocean. Refractions and Reflections. Resulting operational considerations. 3. Transmission and Reception. Terms of the sonar equations and their relationship to sonar arrays, transmitters, beam-formers, receivers, and displays. 4. Sonar System Requirements and Operations. Operational requirements of sonar detection, classification, and tracking. Methods for implementing sonar requirements. 5. Performance Prediction. Absolute and comparative performance prediction using simple and complex prediction methods. 6. Active and Passive Sonar Arrays. Projector, hydrophone, and transducer arrays used in current passive and active sonars. Sonar transmission and reception. Tuning and data transmission functions. 7. Transmitters, Receivers, and Beam-Formers. Linear and switch mode transmitters. Analog and digital receivers. Transmitter and receiver beam-formers. 8. Displays. Current active and passive sonar displays. 9. Signal Processing. Detection threshold. Recognitions differential. Noise- and reverberational-limited conditions. Practical limits. 10. Signal Processors. Processing gain. Coherent, semicoherent, and spatial processors. 11. Surface Ship Sonar Systems. Typical operating modes. Performance analysis. 12. Mine Hunting Sonar. Design of detection and localization sonars for mine warfare. Performance potential and limitations. 13. Future Developments and Challenges. Performance in littoral waters. The diesel submarine threat. New technologies.
Instructors
Mark A. Chramiec retired from Raytheon's Submarine Signal Division after 34 years of developing, testing and improving various types of military and oceanographic sonars for the US and numerous international navies. These included active and passive submarine and surface ship ASW sonars, bathymetric and subbottom profiling sonars, sonars used for remote control of offshore oil installations and the first operational sonar using non-linear acoustics. Mr. Chramiec, who has MS degrees in Physics and Ocean Engineering, holds five patents and has published twenty papers covering various underwater acoustic devices. He served seven years in the US Navy as a Fire Control Technician. Robert B. Delisle is an Engineering Fellow at Raytheon NM & IS. He has helped design, develop, and evaluate surface ship sonar systems for more than two decades and has participated in numerous at-sea sonar evaluations for the U.S. Navy and other allied navies. He has been involved in the design, development, and testing of mine hunting and classification sonars at Raytheon. Mr. Delisle holds an M.S. degree in electrical engineering from Renssalaer Polytechnic Institute.
What You Will Learn

Trade-offs and comparisons among different sonars. How to calculate sonar performance. How to select waveforms. How to optimize shallow water performance. Minehunting in shallow water. The latest developments in new technology.
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Sonar Principles & ASW Analysis

March 8-11, 2004
Summary
This course provides an excellent introduction to underwater sound and highlights how sonar principles are employed in ASW analyses. The course provides a solid understanding of the sonar equation and discusses in-depth propagation loss, target strength, reverberation, arrays, array gain, and detection of signals. Physical insight and typical results are provided to help understand each term of the sonar equation. The instructors then show how the sonar equation can be used to perform ASW analysis and predict the performance of passive and active sonar systems. The course also reviews the rationale behind current weapons and sensor systems and discusses directions for research in response to the quieting of submarine signatures. The course is valuable to engineers and scientists who are entering the field or as a review for employees who want a system level overview. The lectures provide the knowledge and perspective needed to understand recent developments in underwater acoustics and in ASW. A comprehensive set of notes and the textbook Principles of Underwater Sound will be provided to all attendees.
8:30am - 4:00pm

Courtyard by Marriott 401.849.8000
June 7-10, 2004

8:30am - 4:00pm
Silverdale, Washington
West Coast Silverdale Hotel 360.698.1000 $1595 Course Outline
1. Sonar Equation & Signal Detection. Sonar concepts and units. The sonar equation. Typical active and passive sonar parameters. Signal detection, probability of detection/false alarm. ROC curves and detection threshold. 2. Propagation of Sound in the Sea. Oceanographic basis of propagation, convergence zones, surface ducts, sound channels, surface and bottom losses. 3. Target Strength and Reverberation. Scattering phenomena and submarine strength. Bottom, surface, and volume reverberation mechanisms. Methods for modeling reverberations. 4. Elements of ASW Analysis. Fundamentals of ASW analysis. Sonar principles and ASW analysis, illustrative sonobuoy barrier model. The use of operations research to improve ASW. 5. Arrays and Beamforming. Directivity and array gain; sidelobe control, array patterns and beamforming for passive bottom, hull mounted, and sonobuoy sensors; calculation of array gain in directional noise. 6. Passive Sonar. Illustrations of passive sonars including sonobuoys, towed array systems, and submarine sonar. Considerations for passive sonar systems, including radiated source level, sources of background noise, and self noise. 7. Active Sonar. Design factors for active sonar systems including transducer, waveform selection, and optimum frequency; examples include ASW sonar, sidescan sonar, and torpedo sonar. 8. Theory and Applications of Current Weapons and Sensor Systems. An unclassified exposition of the rationale behind the design of current Navy acoustic systems. How the choice of particular parameter values in the sonar equation produces sensor designs optimized to particular military requirements. Generic sonars examined vary from short-range active mine hunting sonars to long-range passive systems.
Instructor
Dr. Nicholas Nicholas received a B. S. degree from Carnegie-Mellon University, an M. S. degree from Drexel University, and a PhD degree in physics from the Catholic University of America. His dissertation was on the propagation of sound in the deep ocean. He has been teaching underwater acoustics courses since 1977 and has been visiting lecturer at the U.S. Naval War College and several universities. Dr. Nicholas has more than 25 years experience in underwater acoustics and submarine related work. He is working for Penn States Applied Research Laboratory (ARL). Dr. Robert Jennette received a PhD degree in Physics from New York University in 1971. He has worked in sonar system design with particular emphasis on long-range passive systems, especially their interaction with ambient noise. He held the NAVSEA Chair in Underwater Acoustics at the US Naval Academy where he initiated a radiated noise measurement program. Currently Dr. Jennette is a consultant specializing in radiated noise and the use of acoustic monitoring.
What You Will Learn

Sonar parameters and their utility in ASW Analysis. Sonar equation as it applies to active and passive systems. Fundamentals of array configurations, beamforming, and signal detectability. Rationale behind the design of passive and active sonar systems. Theory and applications of current weapons and sensors, plus future directions. The implications and counters to the quieting of the targets signature.
8 Vol. 71
Structural Acoustics
Fundamentals & Modern Computational Methods
Summary
The purpose of this course is two fold: (1) to introduce the fundamental physics underlying the creation of sound from vibrating structures, and (2) to introduce modern computational methods for predicting and controlling the sound field. The physics of sound generation are presented. The emphasis is on understanding and basic principles, with a modest amount of theoretical development. Important concepts such as coincidence, radiation efficiency, intensity and directivity are discussed and applied to a variety of structures (e.g. planar sources, plates and cylindrical shells). Sound propagation inside pipes is also presented along with methods of attenuating and reflecting acoustic energy. Numerical techniques for predicting and controlling sound constitute the second half of the course. For planar structures the Rayleigh integral equation is presented and applied to a variety of problems. Transfer and Impedance matrix techniques can be used to calculate plane wave sound propagation in rigid and elastic piping systems (including fluid-elastic coupling.) At high frequencies the method of Statistical Energy Analysis is very useful for identifying dominant sound transmission paths from vibrating structures. SEA is also an extremely easy analysis tool for evaluating the effect of design modifications on radiated power. At low frequency where individual modes control radiated sound the Helmholtz integral can be utilized. A recent computational method that utilizes the capabilities of finite elements is an infinite fluid element. This element captures the physics of both the near field and far field. More importantly, the infinite element avoids the traditional inside eigenvalue problem associated with the HIE method and is very computationally efficient since the matrices are well banded. Use of this element in the SARA finite element code is discussed.
April 20-22, 2004

8:30am - 4:00pm
Washington DC/MD
$1290
This course covers both fundamental physics and modern computational methods.
Who Should Attend
The material presented in this course is very well suited for engineers who wish to obtain both a good understanding of the physics of sound generation and knowledge of computational tools for predicting and controlling radiated sound.
Course Outline
1. Fundamentals of Wave Propagation. Flexural, compressional and torsional waves in beams, flexural waves in plates and compressional waves in fluids. Concept of wave number and dispersion curves. 2. Acoustic Waves. ntensity, impedance and power in acoustic waves, far field and near field pressure from a sphere, concept of a point source, method of images, directivity. 3. Rayleighs Equation and Applications. Far field pressure and intensity from planar sources such as dipoles, multipoles, arrays, circular and rectangular plates. 4. Structural Acoustics of Plates. Radiation from finite and infinite plates, coincidence frequency, Fourier integral transform with applications, methods of stationary phase, concept of radiation efficiency, fluid loading on plates, and sound transmission through plates. 5. Structural Acoustics of Shells. Vibration and wave propagation in isotropic and orthotropic cylindrical shells, fluid loading, acoustic radiation and radiation efficiency. Influence of complicating effects on radiation. 6. Sound Propagation in Pipes. Plane waves and higher order cut-on waves in straight pipes, influence of pipe wall impedance and liners on wave propagation. Methods of analyzing piping systems such transfer and impedance techniques, and methods of reducing noise, such as the use of Helmholtz resonators, side branches and damping. 7. Fluid Loading Approximations. Incompressible fluid, rho-c fluid and first and second order doubly asymptotic approximations, DAA with applications. Simple interpretations of DAA in frequency domain. 8. Statistical Energy Analysis. Overview of SEA with emphasis on sound transmission and radiation problems. Brief discussion of capabilities of AutoSEA computer program along with several examples. 9. Helmholtz Integral Equation. Basic theory of two and three-dimensional HIE with coupling to finite elements. Use of HIE in far field pressure calculations using near field analytical or experimental data. 10. Infinite Fluid Elements. Basic theory of infinite element with coupling to finite elements. Discussion of SARA (Structural Acoustic Radiation Analyzer) computer program along with several examples, such as calculation of modal radiation efficiency of complex three-dimensional structures and radiation from shells.
Instructor
Dr. Robert C. Haberman is a Principal Engineer at Bolt Beranek and Newman and an Adjunct Associate Professor (Mechanical Engineering) for the Renssalaer Polytechnic Institute. He has over 25 years of R& D experience in noise, vibration, acoustics and shock analysis of naval structures. Examples include, use of Statistical Energy Analysis to study noise transmission in submarine internal structures, use of Fuzzy Structures to determine submarine hull damping, and application of classical continuum mechanics along with modern computational methods to study problems in acoustic radiation. He is an author of numerous publications, a frequent speaker at noise and vibration conferences, and has written over 100 technical reports. In 1983, Dr. Haberman and Dr. Henno Allik of BBN presented a paper On the Use of Infinite Elements in Structural Acoustics. Since then the element has been incorporated into the SARA computer program that is now used by many government laboratories and universities.
Vol. 71 9
Submarines and Their Combat Systems

March 22-24, 2004
Summary
This course is a comprehensive introduction to submarines. It will provide you with a detailed understanding of submarine design and submarine construction, as well as an historical perspective of how the modern submarine evolved to its present design. It will also summarize the mission, functions, tasks, and roles assigned to US submarines. A detailed review of naval submarine forces in the world today will be presented. This course will enable you to identify and better understand the submarine threat and its characteristics. Submarine combat systems will be highlighted, as will submarine command and control systems. Submarine operations and operational concepts will be reviewed for the Hunter and the Hunted. An antisubmarine warfare (ASW) perspective will cover ASW air and surface force capabilities and the combined arms effect when coordinated with and against submarines. The standard submarine organization, daily routine and battle station assignments will be discussed along with why submarine people go through special rigors to become qualified in submarines. You will understand how and why a specific system contributes to the overall submarine performance. A comprehensive set of notes will be provided to all attendees. This will include a summary of unclassified design characteristics of US submarines, and a threat assessment of submarine forces around the world.
8:30 am - 4:00 pm

Courtyard by Marriott 401.849.8000 $1290 This course is valuable to: Engineers & scientists in R&D or testing of submarine systems. Newcomers to the field. Those who specialize in just one subsystem & want an overview.
Course Outline
1. Submarine Missions and an Historic Perspective of Submarine Operations. Review of the submarine mission related to US Maritime Strategy and a brief history of submarine operations with performance results. 2. Submarine Design and Construction. Basic principles of the form, fit and function of how a submarine is built and how it operates, including a synoptic history of submarine evolution. 3. Submarine Forces of the Super Powers and the Third World. Overview of submarine classes and their design characteristics, with an insight into the effectiveness and limitations of their stealth and performance. Assessment of supporting facilities and the quality of the training necessary to perform submarine warfare tasks effectively and decisively. 4. Submarine Combat Systems and Command and Control Systems. A familiarization of these systems will be presented from an operational perspective with a synopsis of the Nuts and Bolts of the major elements that compose submarine combat systems. 5. Submariners. Who are these people and why must they undergo such rigorous training and qualifications? Standard submarine organizations, watch routines, and battle station assignments. The psyche and disposition required to become qualified in submarines and wear the distinctive dolphins. 6. Antisubmarine Warfare. Hunter or Hunted. Overview of the US Navys number one priority: ASW. The air and surface force perspective and approach to ASW will be presented, including the effort and equipment necessary to coordinate their combined arms effect. In the closing session, the new Virginia class as a follow-on alternative to SEAWOLF will be discussed. The submarine threat for the 21st century also will be discussed along with questions, such as: Will diesel electric submarines still be costeffective for strangling an adversarys economy for whom, where, how? Is shallow-water ASW a mission-essential need for the future? Will it still be best to sink a submarine while it is in port? Where do we go from here?
Instructor
Captain Ray Wellborn, USN (retired), served over 13 years of his 30-year Navy career in submarines. He has a BSEE degree from the US Naval Academy, an MSEE degree from the Naval Postgraduate School. and also has an MA from the Naval War College. He had two major commands at sea and one ashore. USS Mount Baker (AE 34), USS Detroit (AOE 4), and the Naval Electronics Systems Engineering Center, Charleston. He was Program Manager for Tactical Towed Array Sonar Systems and Program Director for Surface Ship and Helicopter ASW Systems for the Naval Sea Command in Washington, DC. After retirement, he was the Director of Programs, Argotec, Inc., overseeing the construction of advanced R&D models for large underwater acoustic projectors. From 1992 until 1996, he was a Senior Lecturer in the Marine Engineering Department of Texas A&M, Galveston. Since 1996, he has been an independent consultant for International Maritime Affairs.
10 Vol. 71
Underwater Acoustic Modeling and Simulation

April 26-29, 2004
8:30am - 4:00pm

Courtyard by Marriott 401.849.8000 $1595 Summary
The subject of underwater acoustic modeling deals with the translation of our physical understanding of sound in the sea into mathematical formulas solvable by computers. This course provides a comprehensive treatment of all types of underwater acoustic models including environmental, propagation, noise, reverberation and sonar performance models. Specific examples of each type of model are discussed to illustrate model formulations, assumptions and algorithm efficiency. Guidelines for selecting and using available propagation, noise and reverberation models are highlighted. Problem sessions allow students to exercise PC-based propagation and active sonar models. Each student will receive a copy of Underwater Acoustic Modeling and Simulation by Paul C. Etter, in addition to a complete set of lecture notes.
Course Outline
1. Introduction. Nature of acoustical measurements and prediction. Modern developments in physical and mathematical modeling. Diagnostic versus prognostic applications. Latest developments in acoustic sensing of the oceans. 2. The Ocean as an Acoustic Medium. Distribution of physical and chemical properties in the oceans. Sound-speed calculation, measurement and distribution. Surface and bottom boundary conditions. Effects of circulation patterns, fronts, eddies and fine-scale features on acoustics. Biological effects. 3. Propagation. Observations and Physical Models. Basic concepts, boundary interactions, attenuation and absorption. Shear-wave effects in the sea floor and ice cover. Ducting phenomena including surface ducts, sound channels, convergence zones, shallow-water ducts and Arctic half-channels. Spatial and temporal coherence. Mathematical Models. Theoretical basis for propagation modeling. Frequency-domain wave equation formulations including ray theory, normal mode, multipath expansion, fast field and parabolic approximation techniques. New developments in shallow-water and under-ice models. Domains of applicability. Model summary tables. Data support requirements. Specific examples (PE and RAYMODE). References. Demonstrations. 4. Noise. Observations and Physical Models. Noise sources and spectra. Depth dependence and directionality. Slope-conversion effects. Mathematical Models. Theoretical basis for noise modeling. Ambient noise and beam-noise statistics models. Pathological features arising from inappropriate assumptions. Model summary tables. Data support requirements. Specific example (RANDI-III). References. 5. Reverberation. Observations and Physical Models. Volume and boundary scattering. Shallow-water and under-ice reverberation features. Mathematical Models. Theoretical basis for reverberation modeling. Cell scattering and point scattering techniques. Bistatic reverberation formulations and operational restrictions. Data support requirements. Specific examples (REVMOD and Bistatic Acoustic Model). References. 6. Sonar Performance Models. Sonar equations. Model operating systems. Model summary tables. Data support requirements. Sources of oceanographic and acoustic data. Specific examples (NISSM and Generic Sonar Model). References. 7. Modeling and Simulation. Review of simulation theory including advanced methodologies and infrastructure tools. Overview of engineering, engagement, mission and theater level models. Discussion of applications in concept evaluation, training and resource allocation. 8. Modern Applications in Shallow Water and Inverse Acoustic Sensing. Stochastic modeling, broadband and time-domain modeling techniques, matched field processing, acoustic tomography, coupled ocean-acoustic modeling, 3D modeling, and chaotic metrics. 9. Model Evaluation. Guidelines for model evaluation and documentation. Analytical benchmark solutions. Theoretical and operational limitations. Verification, validation and accreditation. Examples. 10. Demonstrations and Problem Sessions. Demonstration of PC-based propagation and active sonar models. Hands-on problem sessions and discussion of results.
Instructor
Paul C. Etter has worked in the fields of oceanatmosphere physics and environmental acoustics for the past thirty years supporting federal and state agencies, academia and private industry. He received his BS degree in Physics and his MS degree in Oceanography at Texas A&M University. Mr. Etter served on active duty in the U.S. Navy as an Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW) Officer aboard frigates. He is the author or co-author of more than 140 technical reports and professional papers addressing environmental measurement technology, underwater acoustics and physical oceanography. Mr. Etter is the author of the textbook Underwater Acoustic Modeling and Simulation.
What You Will Learn

What models are available to support sonar engineering and oceanographic research. How to select the most appropriate models based on user requirements. Where to obtain the latest models and databases. How to operate models and generate reliable results. How to evaluate model accuracy. How to solve sonar equations and simulate sonar performance. Where the most promising international research is being performed.
Vol. 71 11
Vibration and Noise Control

New Insights and Developments
Summary
This course is intended for engineers and scientists concerned with the vibration reduction and quieting of machinery and of other mechanical devices and equipment. The course will provide guidance relevant to design, problem solving, and development of improvements. It will emphasize understanding of the relevant phenomena and concepts in order to enable the participants to address a wide range of practical problems insightfully. The instructors will draw on their extensive experience to illustrate the subject matter with examples related to the participants specific areas of interest. Although the course will begin with a review and will include some demonstrations, participants ideally should have some prior acquaintance with vibration or noise fields. Each participant will receive a complete set of course notes and the text Noise and Vibration Control Engineering.
February 23-26, 2004

8:30am - 4:00pm
Washington DC/MD
Holiday Inn College Park, MD 301.345.6700 $1595 Course Outline
1. Review of Vibration Fundamentals from a Practical Perspective. The roles of energy and force balances. When to add mass, stiffeners, and damping. General strategy for attacking practical problems. Comprehensive checklist of vibration control means. 2. Structural Damping Demystified. Where damping can and cannot help. How damping is measured. Overview of important damping mechanisms. Application principles. Dynamic behavior of plastic and elastomeric materials. Straightforward design of treatments employing viscoelastic materials in shear and extension. 3. Expanded Understanding of Vibration Isolation. Where transmissibility is and is not useful. Some common misconceptions regarding inertia bases, damping, and machine speed. Accounting for support and machine frame flexibility, isolator mass and wave effects, source reaction. Benefits and pitfalls of two-stage isolation. The role of active isolation systems. 4. The Power of Vibration Absorbers. How tuned dampers work. Effects of tuning, mass, damping. Optimization. How waveguide energy absorbers are useful. 5. Structure-borne Sound and High Frequency Vibration. Where modal and finite-element analyses cannot work. Simple response estimation from tabulated infinite system results. What is Statistical Energy Analysis and how does it work? How waves propagate along structures and radiate sound. 6. No-Nonsense Basics of Noise and its Control. Review of levels, decibels, sound pressure, power, intensity, directivity. Frequency bands, filters, and measures of noisiness. Radiation efficiency. Overview of common noise sources. Noise control strategies and means. 7. Intelligent Measurement and Analysis. Diagnostic strategy. Selecting the right transducers; how and where to place them. The power of spectrum analyzers. Identifying and characterizing sources and paths. 8. Coping with Noise in Rooms. Where sound absorption can and cannot help. Practical sound absorbers and absorptive materials. Effects of full and partial enclosures. Sound transmission to adjacent areas. Designing enclosures, wrappings, and barriers. 9. Ducts and Mufflers. Sound propagation in ducts. Duct linings. Reactive mufflers and side-branch resonators. Introduction to current developments in active attenuation.
Instructors
Dr. James Moore has, for the past twenty years, concentrated on the transmission of noise and vibration in complex structures, on improvements of noise and vibration control methods, and on the enhancement of sound quality. He has developed Statistical Energy Analysis models for the investigation of vibrations and noise complex structures such as submarines, helicopters, and automobiles. He has been instrumental in the acquisition of corresponding data bases. He has participated in the development of active noise control systems, noise reduction coating and signal conditioning means, as well as in the presentation of numerous short courses and industrial training programs. Dr. Eric Ungar has specialized in research and consulting in vibration and noise for 38 years, published over 100 technical papers, and translated and revised Structure-Borne Sound. He has led short courses at the Pennsylvania State University for the past 25 years and has presented numerous seminars worldwide. Dr. Ungar has served as President of the Acoustical Society of America, as President of the Institute of Noise Control Engineering, and as Chairman of the Design Engineering Division of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. ASME honored him with its Trent-Crede Medal in Shock and Vibration. ASA recently awarded him the Per Bruel Gold Medal for Noise Control and Acoustics for his work on vibrations of complex structures, structural damping, and isolation.
What You Will Learn

How to attack vibration and noise problems. What means are available for vibration and noise control. How to make vibration isolation, damping, and absorbers work. How noise is generated and radiated, and how it can be reduced.
12 Vol. 71
C4ISR Requirements, Principles, and Systems

An Overview of Understanding and Building a Successful C4ISR Architecture
Summary
This course is a valuable tool for the engineer, scientist or manager working with DoD information technology who wishes to improve their understanding of C4ISR systems and the new requirements to demonstrate interoperability. Learn about the current systems that populate the DoD C4ISR architecture and the process established by the DoD to insure their interoperability. Learn why a well crafted C4ISR architecture is important in network-centric warfare and how to build one using the latest techniques and software tools. Apply this new information to current C4ISR systems and gain an understanding of the technology and principles that underlie their operation. Learn how to save time following successful strategies while avoiding costly pitfalls when meeting C4ISR requirements.
April 28-30, 2004

8:30 am - 4:30 pm
Washington DC/MD
Part I: C4ISR Architecture Requirements and Principles
1. 2. C4ISR. Definitions and Overview. Linking Successful Warfighting, Interoperability and Well Crafted Architectures. DoD C4ISR Requirements. DoD's Roadmap to Interoperability: New 5000 and 3000 series instructions. C4ISR Architectures and the Interoperability Problem. Foundations of Architecture Development: Structured Analysis, Static and Executable Models. DoD Architecture Definition - Operational, Systems, Technical Views. In class demonstration of software tools for building architectures. Building the Required DoD C4ISR products. The Operational Concept Matrix - framework for crafting C4ISR products. Information Exchange Requirements (IERs) - required fields, level of detail, and roll-ups. Key Performance Parameters (KPPs) - isolating a new system's performance and defining MOP's and MOE's. C4I Support Plan - what it is and how is it used. Field Exercises, Simulations, and Architecture Development.
Instructor
William J. Geckle, M.S., has been working for 24 years as a scientist in defense technology. He is currently a principal staff physicist in the Air Defense Systems Department, Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, and a part-time faculty member of the Whiting School of Engineering, JHU. He led the Fires and Targeting team for the ONR 'Extending the Littoral Battlespace' ACTD, served as technical lead for several Real Time Into / Out of the Cockpit (RTIC/RTOC) programs, has extensive experience in the development of solutions for Joint TADIL communications, and was a designer of the Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) C4ISR architecture. He is currently leading the C4ISR architecture development for both the Global Network Centric Targeting (GNCST) program that will provide tailored products in support of time critical targeting around the world and for Long Range Strike (LRS), the Air Force future strike platform for penetration of denied air space. He brings a wealth of technical experience in C4ISR forAir Force, Navy, Marine, Army and national agency operations. Michael E. Pafford, M.S., has 30 years of experience in the design, development, operation, and management of intelligence-related systems. He is currently a Senior Systems Engineer in the Intelligence Systems Group of the Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University. He led the APL technical team in the development of Operational, System, and Technical C4ISR Architecture products in support of ASN/R&D Time-Critical Targeting (TCT) and Tasking, Collecting, Processing, Exploitation, and Dissemination (TCPED) acquisition-related Mission Capability Packages (MCPs). He began his career as an Air Force voice processing specialist operating and later as a Navy Cryptologic Officer helping to design state-of-the-art C4ISR systems. He held technical positions with ITT, General Dynamics, and Harris Corporation designing and developing C4ISR systems. His current projects involve Signals Intelligence (SIGINT) data mining, SIGINT process modeling & simulation, and SIGINT Enterprise-Level Performance Assessment. He brings a wealth of technical experience in DoD and other Government C4ISR systems.
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Part II: C4ISR Systems and Technology

5. Command and Control. Battle Management. C2 Hierarchy: Systems and Commands. Sensor-to-Shooter, Time Critical Targeting (TCT) Approaches and Lessons Learned. Computers. The Global Information Grid (GIG), Net-Centric Warfare, and The Distributed Common Ground Station (DCGS). Software/Hardware Interoperability : JTA/ DII/ COE . Image Dissemination and Compression. Communications Overview: Fundamentals and definitions, networks, jamming and Low Probability of Intercept / Detection (LPI/LPD) techniques. Military Communication Channels - TADILs (Tactical Data and Information Links): Link 11, Link-16. Challenges: Interoperability, Bandwidth, Coordinate Alignment, Coordination in Theater. Next generation TADIL systems and the Single Integrated Air Picture (SIAP). Satellite Communications Overview: Definitions, Benefits, Trade-offs, Link Analysis. SATCOM Systems: Current and Future. The 2020 Transformational Communications Architecture (TCA). SATCOM and C4ISR Architecture Evolution. Observables and Sensors. Fundamentals, Current and Future Systems. Electronics Intelligence (ELINT), Signals Intelligence (SIGINT), Image Intelligence (IMINT), and Sensor Fusion. Passive Sensors: Antennas, Signals Intercept, Direction Finding. Active sensors: High Range Resolution (HRR), Air Moving Target Indicator (AMTI), Ground Moving Target Indicator (GMTI), Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), I(Inverse)SAR, InterFerometric (IFSAR). Platforms and Sensors: National. Services. Space Based Radar (SBR) and Infrared (SBIR), UAVs, Net-Centric Operations. Precision Targeting: FTarget Location. Methods of geolocation. Errors in Target Location. Implications for Battle Management. Wrap-Up. Designing a C4ISR System: Explore the process and trades of developing a system to meet interoperability and user requirements. Construct an Operational Concept Matrix, Operational View, System View, KPPs, and IERs.
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Vol. 71 13
Electronic Warfare Overview

March 25-26, 2004
8:30am - 4:00pm
Washington DC/MD
$1390
Summary
This two-day course presents the depth and breadth of modern Electronic Warfare, covering Ground, Sea, Air and Space applications, with simple, easy-to-grasp intuitive principles. Complex mathematics will be eliminated, while the tradeoffs and complexities of current and advanced EW and ELINT systems will be explored. The fundamental principles will be established first and then the many varied applications will be discussed. The attendee will leave this course with an understanding of both the principles and the practical applications of current and evolving electronic warfare technology. This course is designed as an introduction for managers and engineers who need an understanding of the basics. It will provide you with the ability to understand and communicate with others working in the field. A detailed set of notes used in the class will be provided.
Course Outline
1. Introduction to Electronic Combat. Radar-ESM-ECM-ECCMLPI-Stealth (EC-ES-EA-EP). Overview of the Threat. Radar Technology Evolution. EW Technology Evolution. Radar Range Equation. RCS Reduction. Counter-Low Observable (CLO). 2. Vulnerability of Radar Modes. Air Search Radar. Fire Control Radar. Ground Search Radar. Pulse Doppler, MTI, DPCA. Pulse Compression. Range Track. Angle Track. SAR, TF/TA. 3. Vulnerability/Susceptibility of Weapon Systems. Semi Active Missiles. Command Guided Missiles. Active Missiles. TVM. Surface-to-air, air-to-air, air-to-surface. 4. ESM (ES). ESM/ELINT/RWR. Typical ESM Systems. Probability of Intercept. ESM Range Equation. ESM Sensitivity. ESM Receivers. DOA/AOA Measurement. MUSIC / ESPRIT. Passive Ranging. 5. ECM Techniques (EA). Principals of Electronic Attack (EA). Noise Jamming vs. Deception. Repeater vs. Transponder. Sidelobe Jamming vs. Mainlobe Jamming. Synthetic Clutter. VGPO and RGPO. TB and Cross Pol. Chaff and Active Expendables. Decoys. Bistatic Jamming. Power Management, DRFM, high ERP. 6. ECCM (EP). EP Techniques Overview. Offensive vs Defensive ECCM. Leading Edge Tracker. HOJ/AOJ. Adaptive Sidelobe Canceling. STAP. Example Radar-ES-EA-EP Engagement. 7. EW Systems. Airborne Self Protect Jammer. Airborne Tactical Jamming System. Shipboard Self-Defense System. 8. EW Design Illustration. Walk-thru Design of a Typical ESM/ECM System from an RFP. 9. EW Technology. EW Technology Evolution. Transmitters. Antennas. Receiver / Processing. Advanced EW. 10. Time-Frequency Processing. Short Time Fourier Transform (STFT). Wavelets. 11. Time-Frequency Transforms. Wigner-Ville, Choi-Williams, Fast Gabor. Time-Frequency Cube. Examples of Time-Frequency Processing. 12. ISAR Design Exercise. In-class design of an ISAR including determining transmitter power and the ISAR processor. 13. System Design Issues. Automatic Target Recognition (ATR), Speckle and Multilook, ECM & ECCM, IFSAR, Bistatic SAR, Multi-Frequency SAR, Polarametric SAR, Moving Target Imaging, Technology Trends, Future System Requirements.
Instructor
John C. Kirk is a Systems Engineer in Radar and Electronic Warfare for Goleta Engineering. Mr. Kirk has been involved in Radar and EW since 1956 when he performed flight line maintenance of the B-52 Radar and ECM Systems. He holds a patent on the F-16/APG-66 Medium PRF Receiver and designed the first system to demonstrate real time digitally correlated SAR from an intentionally maneuvering platform. Airborne radar experience includes work on the F-4, F-15, F-16, A-6F, B-1B, B-52 and JSTARS radars. EW credits include work on the SLQ-32, ALQ-99 and ALQ-142. He developed a broadband multifunction surface to air defense system, which demonstrated simultaneous radar, ECM and illumination for tracking by Sparrow and Hawk missile seekers. He has been involved in all aspects of Radar and EW, from surface to space, from concept to maintenance. 14 Vol. 71
Fundamentals of Radar Technology

Onsite at your convenience
January 27-29, 2004 Colorado Springs, Colorado May 26-28, 2004 Solomons Island, MD
$1390 (8:30am - 4:00pm)
Summary
This fast-moving three-day course is designed for managers and engineers who need an understanding of the basics of advanced radar technology. The principles of the various radar systems are presented and the system design tradeoffs are discussed in the context of different mission requirements. This course will provide the ability to understand and communicate with radar engineers and project personnel. This course has also been designed as an introductory course for higher level and specialized radar topics. Attendees will receive a copy of the textbook Introduction to Airborne Radar.
An engaging instructor with extensive knowledge! -Recent attendee

Course Outline
1. Introduction. Definitions, background, course objectives. 2. Radar Basics. Description and functions of radar system components. Functional block diagrams. Radar phenomena, multipath, radar horizon. 3. Radar Range Equation. Description and interaction of primary variables. Major trade-off considerations. Frequency vs. aperture. Mission considerations. 4. Surveillance Radar. Maximum/minimum range selection. Range ambiguities. Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF) selection. Pulse duration, Pulse interval. 5. Radar System Considerations. Noise. Probability of Detection (Pd), Probability of False Alarm (Pfa), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR). Sensitivity vs. Time (STC) space clutter reduction. 6. Antennas. Antenna gain and directivity. Sidelobe jammer vulnerabilities. Sidelobe suppression. Frequency scan, phase scanned antennas. Phase array aperture thinning for sidelobe suppression. Coherent sidelobe cancellation. 7. Tracking Radar. Sequential lobing, conical scan, conical scan on receive only (COSRO), monopulse. Fire control countermeasures. 8. Radar Detection Theory and Criteria. Binomial approach. M out of N algorithms. Integration, receiver processor gain. Dynamic thresholding. 9. Radar Cross Section. RCS considerations, reduction techniques. Polarization. 10. Modern Radar Systems. Doppler radar, Pulse Compression, PulseDoppler waveforms. Blind speeds, ranges. Coherent vs. noncoherent systems. Moving Target Indicator (MTI). 11. New Technology. Microwave monolithic integrated circuit (MMIC). Conformal arrays, impulse radar, synthetic aperture radar (SAR), inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR). Active apertures.
Vol. 71 15
Instructor
Dr. Patrick W. Johnson is a former Navy Commander and founder and former President of American Electronics. He is now Sr. VP for R&D at ZAI, Inc. He received a BS from the U.S. Naval Academy, an MSEE from the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California, and his PhD from Queens University in Kingston, Ontario, Canada. While in the Navy, he was the OPNAV sponsor for shipboard radar and target identification systems. At Amelex, he was the Principal Investigator for a continuing series of radar and IFF/ID programs and projects for the Army, Navy, Air Force, FAA, NASA and DARPA.
What You Will Learn

Basic math and physics underlying radar technology The fundamental concepts of the various radar systems The working language of the radar community The major performance tradeoffs in radar system
Fundamentals of Rockets and Missiles

December 9-11, 2003 Dayton, Ohio May 4-6, 2004 Huntsville, Alabama
$1290
(8:30am - 4:00pm)
Course Outline
1. Introduction to Rockets and Missiles Introduction to the practical uses of rocket systems as weapons of war, commerce and the peaceful exploration of space. Classifications of guided, and unguided, missile systems. 2. Rocket Propulsion made Simple. How rocket motors and engines operate to achieve thrust. Use of the rocket equation and staging theory for rockets and missiles. Introduction to rocket efficiency metrics. Propellant tanks. Introduction to Mass Properties. 3. Introduction to Propellant Performance, Utility and Applications. Propellant performance and mixture ratio issues.Propellant density and specific impulse theory.Hypergolic propellants.Propellant storability cryogenic propellants. 4. Introducing Solid Rocket Motor Technology. Advantages and disadvantages of solid rocket motors.Solid rocket motor materials, propellant grains and construction. Applications for solid rocket motors as weapons and as cost-effective space systems. 5. Liquid Rocket System Technology. Cryogenic and non cryogenic liquid rocket systems. Turbo pumps vs pressure-fed rocket engines. Propellant tanks. 6. Foreign vs. American Rocket Technology. Examination of the strengths, and weaknesses, of Domestic, and foreign, rocket technology, and the value of import or export of technology. How the former Soviet aerospace diverged from American systems. Discussion of the issue of developing a space program to disguise a weapons program. 7. Rockets in Spacecraft Propulsion. Examination of the differences between launch vehicle booster systems and that found on spacecraft, satellites and transfer stages. The use of storable and hypergolic propellants. Operations of rocket systems in microgravity. 8. Rockets and Missiles as Weapons. Surface to surface, surface to air, ABM and air to surface weapons. Technology for short, intermediate and long-range weapons. Examination of lethality, probability of kill and accuracy. Active and passive guidance strategies. Technologies supporting delivery systems for weapons of mass destruction. 9. Rockets and Missiles as Commerce. Civil uses for rockets and missiles, and how they differ from systems designed as weapons. Uses for satellites in communications, navigation, and imaging. 10. Rockets Systems for Space Exploration and Exploitation. SIssues of expendable and reusable launch vehicles for future space missions. Missions beyond earth from the USA and other nations. 11. Useful Orbits and Trajectories Made Simple. Introduction to simplified orbital mechanics. Orbital coordinate elements of Inclination, Apogee, Perigee, xxx. Special orbits; geostationary, sun synchronous and Molnya. 12. Reliability and Safety of Rocket Systems. Introduction to the issues of safety and reliability of rocket and missile systems. A study of the hazards of rocket operations. The causes of failures in rocket systems and strategies to improve reliability is discussed. 13. Expendable Launch Vehicle Theory, Selection, Performance and Uses. Understanding the continued dominance of expendable launch vehicles in the field of transportation from earth to low earth orbit. 14. Reusable Launch Vehicle Theory and Performance. Provide an appreciation and understanding of why Reusable Launch Vehicles have had difficulty replacing expendable launch vehicles since the first operational space shuttle began service, and how the performance of Reusable Vehicles differs from Expendable systems. 15. The Direction of Technology. A final open discussion regarding the direction of rocket technology, science, usage and regulations of rockets and missiles is conducted to close out the class study.
Summary
The seminar is designed for engineers, decision makers and managers of current and future projects needing a more complete understanding of the complex issues of rocket and missile technology. This course is also relevant for government and industry officials who need an understanding of rocket and missile technology. It provides a foundation in the use, regulation and development of rocket systems of the future. You will learn a wide spectrum of problems, solutions and choices in the technology of rockets and missile used for military and civil purposes. The seminar is taught to the point-of-view of a decision maker needing the technical knowledge to make better informed choices. How rockets and missiles work, why they are built the way they are, what they are used for and how they differ. How rockets and missiles differ when used as weapons, as launch vehicles, and in spacecraft or satellites. Attendees will receive a complete set of printed notes. These notes will be an excellent future reference for current trends in state-of-the-art rocket and missile technology and decision making.
Instructor
Edward L. Keith is a multi-discipline Launch Vehicle System Engineer, specializing in integration of launch vehicle technology, design, modeling and business strategies. He is an independent consultant, writer and teacher of rocket system technology. He is experienced in launch vehicle operations, design, testing, business analysis, risk reduction, modeling, safety and reliability. Mr. Keiths experience extends to both reusable and expendable launch vehicles, as well as to both solid and liquid rocket systems. Mr. Keith has designed complete rocket engines, rocket vehicles, small propulsion systems, and composite propellant tank systems, especially designed for low cost. Mr. Keith has worked the Space Launch Initiative and the Liquid Fly-Back Booster programs. He also has 13-years of government experience including five years working launch operations at Vandenberg AFB. Mr. Keith has written 18 technical papers on various aspects of low cost space transportation over the last decade.
Who Should Attend

Aerospace Industry Managers. Government Regulators & Administrators. Engineers supporting rocket and missile projects. Contractors or investors involved in missile development.

What You Will Learn

Fundamentals of rocket and missile systems. The spectrum of rocket uses and technologies. Differences in technology between foreign and domestic rocket systems. Fundamentals and uses of solid and liquid rocket systems. Differences between systems built as weapons and those built for commerce.
16 Vol. 71
GPS Technology
GPS Solutions on the Earth and in Outer Space
Students receive a free GPS Navigator!
Summary
International authority Thomas Logsdon has designed this popular 4-day short course to meet the needs of the broadest possible spectrum of engineers, scientists, technicians, and managers who are involved in the design, management and applications of the Global Positioning System. Each student will receive a new personal GPS Navigator with a multi-channel capability. Through practical demonstration you will learn how the receiver works, how to operate it in various situations, and how to interpret the positioning solutions it provides. Topics are reinforced with practical numerical examples that include published data.
December 8-11, 2003 Arlington, Virginia May 24-27, 2004 Cape Canaveral, Florida
$1495 (8:30am - 4:00pm) Course Outline
Instructor
For more than 30 years, Thomas S. Logsdon, M. S., has worked on the Navstar GPS and other related technologies at McDonnell Douglas, Lockheed Martin, Boeing Aerospace, and Rockwell International. His research projects and consulting assignments have included the Transit Navigation Satellites, the Tartar and Talos shipboard missiles, and the Navstar GPS. In addition, he has helped put astronauts on the moon and guide their colleagues on rendezvous missions headed toward the Skylab capsule. Some of his more challenging assignments have centered around constellation coverage studies, GPS performance enhancement, military applications, data distribution for differential navigation, booster rocket guidance using the GPS signals and shipboard attitude determination. Tom Logsdon has taught short courses and lectured in 24 different countries. He has written and published 40 technical papers and journal articles, a dozen of which have dealt with radionavigation techniques. He is also the author of 29 technical books on various engineering and scientific subjects. These include Understanding the Navstar, Orbital Mechanics: Theory and Applications, Mobile Communication Satellites, and The Navstar Global Positioning System.
1. Radionavigation Principles. Active and passive radionavigation systems. Spherical and hyperbolic lines of position. Position and velocity solutions. Spaceborne atomic clocks. Websites and other sources of information. Building a $104 billion business in space 2. The Three Major Segments of the GPS. Signal structure and psuedorandom codes. Modulation techniques. Ionospheric and tropospheric corrections. Relativistic time dilations. Inverted navigation solutions. 3. Navigation Solutions and Kalman Filtering Techniques. Taylor series expansions solved by numerical iteration. Doppler shift solutions. Satellite selection algorithms. Kalman filters. 4. Designing an Effective GPS Receiver. Annotated block diagrams. Antenna design features. Code tracking and carrier tracking loops. Software modules. Commercial chipsets. Handheld receivers. Shuttle and space station receivers. 5. Military Applications. The world wide common grid. Translator concepts. Elliptical lines of position. Tactical and strategic applications. Autonomy and survivability enhancements. Precision guided munitions. Smart bombs and artillery projectiles. 6. Integrated Navigation Systems. Mechanical and Strapdown implementations. Ring lasers and fiber-optic gyros. Integrated navigation. Chassis-level integration. Key features of the C-MIGITS integrated nav system. 7. Differential Navigation and Pseudosatellites. Special committee 104s data exchange protocols. Global data distribution. Wide-area differential navigation. Psuedosatellite concepts and test results. Indoor GPS systems. 8. Carrier-Aided Solutions. The interferometry concept. Double differencing techniques. Attitude determination receivers. Navigating the Topex and NASA's twin Grace satellites. Dynamic and Kinematic orbit determination techniques. Motorolas Spaceborne Monarch receiver. Relativistic time dilation derivations. 9. The Navstar Satellites. Subsystem descriptions. On-orbit test results. The Block I, II, IIR and IIF satellites, Block III concepts. Orbital perturbations and modeling techniques. Stationkeeping maneuvers. Earth shadowing characteristics. Repeating ground-trace geometry. 10. Russias Glonass Constellation. Performance comparisons between the GPS and Glonass. Orbital mechanics considerations. Repeating ground-trace geometry. Spacecraft subsystems. Russias SL-12 Proton booster. Building dual-capability GPS/Glonass receivers. 11. Precise Time Synchronization. John Harrisons marine chronometer. Time synchronization methodologies. Test results. Tomorrows ultra precise spaceborne arrays. Time sync for the International Space Station. 12. Digital Avionics and Air Traffic Control. The FAAs response to the GPS. Dependent surveillance techniques. 3D video displays. The wide-area augmentation system. Local area augmentation. Test results. Europe's Galileo constellation. 13. Using the GPS for Satellite Orbit Determination. Today's spaceborne receivers. Designing satellites to cover the geosynchronous flight regime. Positioning the International Space Station. Precise attitude determination. Space shuttle navigation.
Vol. 71 17
Identification, Friend or Foe (IFF)

Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) Beacon Identification Systems
April 13-15, 2004

8:30 a.m. - 4:00 p.m.
Washington DC/MD
$1290
Summary
This fast moving three-day course is designed for managers, engineers and technicians who need an understanding of the basics of IFF/SSR radar beacon technology and systems. The principles of the various IFF/SSR systems are presented. The system design tradeoffs are discussed in the context of the different target identification and air traffic control mission requirements. This course will provide the ability to understand and communicate with IFF/SSR engineers and project personnel.
Course Outline
1. Introduction to Radar Beacon. Identification Systems. Overview of background and course objectives. History of radar beacon systems. 2. Principles of Operation. Basics of IFF/SSR system. Antenna characteristics, interrogation and reply signals. Monopulse principles. Typical equipment specifications and standards. 3. Ground Antenna Systems. Horizontal and vertical characteristics. Backlobes. T/R switch, rotating joint, cable components. Radar colocation. 4. Interrogators. Mode Generator. Transmitters and receivers. Monopulse receivers. 5. Sliding Window Plot Extraction. Reply decoder. Defruiting. Target detection. 6. Monopulse Plot Extraction. Reply processing. Surveillance processing. False target processing. SSR/PSR combination. 7. Transponders. Airborne antenna patterns. Specifications and conformance to specifications. 8. Multipath and Interference. 9. System Design. Radar range equation. Power budgets. Reply and detection probabilities. Transmitter PRF. Bearing accuracy. Antenna height. SSR/PSR Cross coupling. 10. Performance Measurement and Monitoring. Measurement and monitoring of IFF/SSR systems. Model of SSR environment. 11. Mode S. Reasons for Development. Interrogation and reply formats. Parity and address. Interrogation and reply types. Data link applications.
Instructor
Dr. Patrick W. Johnson is a former Navy Commander and founder and former President of American Electronics. He is now Sr. VP for R&D at ZAI, Inc. He received a BS from the U.S. Naval Academy, an MSEE from the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California, and his PhD from Queens University in Kingston, Ontario, Canada. While in the Navy, he was the OPNAV sponsor for shipboard radar and target identification systems. At Amelex, he was the Principal Investigator for a continuing series of radar and IFF/ID programs and projects for the Army, Navy, Air Force, FAA, NASA and DARPA.
18 Vol. 71
What You Will Learn

Basic math and physics underlying IFF/SSR technology and systems. The fundamental concepts of the various IFF/SSR radar beacon systems. The working language of the IFF/SSR community. The major trade-offs in radar beacon system performance.
Integrated Combat Systems

April 20-22, 2004
8:30am - 4:00pm

Courtyard by Marriot 401.849.8000 $1390
Summary
Widespread availability of top-line military technologies make the development of actually integrated combat systems a top priority. Existing system solutions have evolved separately with humans in the loop and manual interfaces in response to community driven, rather than joint operational, requirements. The shortened reaction times and ambiguities in operations require that such an integration be designed into the system to yield the capabilities needed beyond the sum of the parts. The course is recommended for managers, scientists, and engineers interested in the concept definition, design, and development of computer integrated combat systems that facilitate the execution of joint operations. The instructors text, Systems Management, will be supplied to each attendee along with a set of lecture notes.
Course Outline
1. The Need. Threat, environment, and implications to combat system design. Present stovepipe designs and present needs for the integrated combat suite. Impact of technology on future combat system design. Joint operation, interoperability and open systems technology. Expanded system integration of radar, sonar, imaging, electronic intercept, and weapons components. 2. Integrated Systems. Expanded capabilities beyond the sum of the parts. Exploitation of computers to deal with shortened reaction time, ambiguities. Integrated design of sensing components to increase selfdefense, area defense or theater defense effectiveness. System real time control. Basic constituents and system configurations. Automated management of system functions, requirements, implementations approaches and management resources. Sample combat system architectures. Partitioning and allocation. Sizing and timing. Reliability and recovery. 3. Common Functions and Processing. Commonality of algorithms in varied sensing components (radar, sonar, imaging...). Spatial, spectral, and temporal processing. Basic signal processing, windowing, gating. Basic data processing, localization, tracking, fusion. Allocations to active sensing systems, passive sensing systems in simple channels and multipath channels. 4. Integrated Radar Component. Block diagram. Geometry and physics of the problem. Radar types. Electromagnetic propagation. Frequency coverage. Range equation. Target cross-section. Detection, signal processing, tracking, accuracy. Fusion. 5. Integrated Sonar Component. Block diagram. Geometry and physics of the problem. Sonar types. Acoustic propagation. Frequency coverage. Range equation. Target cross-section. Detection, signal processing, tracking, accuracy. Fusion. 6. Integrated Imaging Component. Block diagram. Geometry and physics of the problem. Imaging types. Propagation frequency coverage. Constructing field of views, stabilization, cameras, focal plane arrays, spatial filtering, low light level imaging, tracking, fusion. 7. Integrated Electronic Intercept Component. Block diagram. Geometry and physics of the problem. Intercept types. Frequency coverage. High probability intercept. Signal parameters (frequency, width, amplitude) recognition of emitters. Emitter location. Tracking. 8. Integrated Weapons Component. Block diagram. Seeker types and characteristics. AAW missiles and mid course guidance, control, and engagement. Land attack cruise missile and search modes, terrain following satellite guidance- Torpedo setting and control. Mines. Counter measures and decoys.
Vol. 71 19
Instructor
Dr. Joseph C. Hassab has over 25 years of experience in government and industry where he has been President and Director and has overseen the definition and development of large and complex systems. He has published over 100 journal papers in various aspects of systems analysis and synthesis, sonar/radar signal and data processing, wave propagation, electromagnetic scattering, ocean channel modeling, contact localization and motion analysis, weapon targeting, numerical analysis, and expert systems. Dr. Hassab is the author of two books, Underwater Signal and Data Processing, and Systems Management: People, Computers, Machines, Materials. He has been a referee for several technical journals and taught courses on radar, sonar, signal/data processing, and control systems at several universities and sponsored seminars in the U.S., Canada, and Europe.
Introduction to Electromagnetic Compatibility

April 27-29, 2004
8:30am - 4:00pm
Reston, Virginia
$1290 Course Outline Summary
This three-day course is designed for technicians, operators, and engineers who need an understanding of Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) methodology and concepts. Historically, Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) was first identified as a problem as early as 1925. The growth of the electronics industry, with an attendant growth in systems complexity, led to the expansion of RFI to Electromagnetic Interference (EMI). EMC is the capability for multiple, diverse systems to operate in close proximity without causing or being subject to interference. The course offers a basic working knowledge of the principles of the EMC theory. This course will provide the ability to understand and communicate with communications-electronics (C-E) engineers and project personnel relating to EMC. 1. Examples Of Communications System. A Discussion Of Case Histories Of Communications System EMI, Definitions Of Systems, Both Military And Industrial, And Typical Modes Of System Interactions Including Antennas, Transmitters And Receivers And Receiver Responses. 2. Quantification Of Communication System EMI. A Discussion Of The Elements Of Interference, Including Antennas, Transmitters, Receivers And Propagation. 3. Electronic Equipment And System EMI Concepts. A Description Of Examples Of EMI Coupling Modes To Include Equipment Emissions And Susceptibilities. 4. Common-Mode Coupling. A Discussion Of Common-Mode Coupling Mechanisms Including Field To Cable, Ground Impedance, Ground Loop And Coupling Reduction Techniques. 5. Differential-Mode Coupling. A Discussion Of Differential-Mode Coupling Mechanisms Including Field To Cable, Cable To Cable And Coupling Reduction Techniques. 6. Other Coupling Mechanisms. A Discussion Of Power Supplies And Victim Amplifiers. 7. The Importance Of Grounding For Achieving EMC. A Discussion Of Grounding, Including The Reasons (I.E., Safety, Lightning Control, EMC, Etc.), Grounding Schemes (Single Point, Multi-Point And Hybrid), Shield Grounding And Bonding. 8. The Importance Of Shielding. A Discussion Of Shielding Effectiveness, Including Shielding Considerations (Reflective And Absorptive). 9. Shielding Design. A Description Of Shielding Compromises (I.E., Apertures, Gaskets, Waveguide Beyond Cut-Off). 10. EMI Diagnostics And Fixes. A Discussion Of Techniques Used In EMI Diagnostics And Fixes. 11. EMC Specifications, Standards And Measurements. A Discussion Of The Genesis Of EMC Documentation Including A Historical Summary, The Rationale, And A Review Of MIL-Stds, FCC And CISPR Requirements.
Instructor
Dr. William G. Duff (Bill) is the Chief Technology Officer of the SENTEL Advanced Technology Group. Previously he worked for Atlantic Research and taught courses on electromagnetic interference (EMI) and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). He is internationally recognized as a leader in the development of engineering technology for achieving EMC in communication and electronic systems. He has 42 years of experience in EMI/EMC analysis, design, test and problem solving for a wide variety of communication and electronic systems. He has extensive experience in assessing EMI at the equipment and/or the system level and applying EMI suppression and control techniques to "fix" problems. Bill has written more than 40 technical papers and four books on EMC. He also regularly teaches seminar courses on EMC. He is a past president of the IEEE EMC Society. He served a number of terms as a member of the EMC Society Board of Directors and is currently Chairman of the EMC Society Fellow Evaluation Committee and an Associate Editor for the EMC Society Newsletter. He is a NARTE Certified EMC Engineer. 20 Vol. 71
What You Will Learn

Examples of Communications Systems EMI. Quantification of Systems EMI. Equipment and System EMI Concepts. Source and Victim Coupling Modes. Importance of Grounding. Shielding Designs. EMI Diagnostics. EMC/EMI Specifications and Standards.
Microwave & RF Circuit and Component Modeling

Basic modeling theory including passive and active model extractions
Summary
This four-day course is designed for engineers, technicians, and managers who are involved in developing Microwave and RF active and passive device models for use in CAE tools to simulate circuit performance before building the hardware. The material presented in this course is useful for both packaged and chip level parts. Measurement and de-embedding techniques will be presented for active and passive components. Passive models for inductors, capacitors and resistors will be presented. Active models for Diodes, BJT and MESFET devices will be presented as detailed examples. Transistor load-pull characterization will also be covered in detail. Most sections of the course are supported with simulations that verify the technical presentation. Many technical references are provided. Simulation files can be provided upon request.
November 17-20, 2003 Dayton, Ohio March 9-12, 2004 Washington DC/MD
$1495 (8:30am - 4:30pm)
This course is for those wishing to simulate Microwave/RF designs using passive and active models that represent real components.
Course Outline
1. Review of Basic Principles. Useful Equations and Tips. 2. Passive Distributed Element Models. Transmission line properties: Dielectric materials, Microstrip Transmission Lines, Coupling Between Transmission lines, Stripline, Coplanar Waveguide. 3. Common Distributed Components. Baluns, Filters, Power Dividers, Quadrature Couplers. 4. Passive Lumped Element Models. Chip Wire Wound Inductor, Chip Spiral Inductor, Chip Capacitor, Chip Resistor. 5. Common Lumped Components. Filters, Quadrature Coupler, Matching Networks, Attenuator. 6. Passive Lumped and Distributed Circuit Effects. Common Mode Ground, Layout Effects. 7. Measurements. General Measurements, Two Port Measurements, De-embedding. 8. CAE Techniques for Model Extraction. Optimization, Data Files, Equations. 9. Passive Model Extraction. Introduction, Inductor Measurements, Capacitor Measurements. 10. Active Element Models. Introduction, Diode Model, BJT Model, MESFET Model. 11. Active Device package Models. Beam Lead Package, SOT Packages, Power Transistor Packages. 12. BJT Model Extraction. Introduction, Application Specific Technique, Data Sheet Extraction Technique. 13. MESFET Model Extraction. Application Specific Technique, Software Load-Pull. 14. Active Characterization Techniques. Load-Pull for Power Devices, Source-Pull for Low Noise Devices.
Vol. 71 21
Instructor
Steven E. Hamilton is a consultant and lecturer in RF and Microwave active and passive circuit design, covering frequencies from 10 MHz to 94GHz. Mr. Hamilton has over 30 years of design experience including product research and development of military and commercial circuits and systems, first RF coaxial connector to work to 19 GHz, HARM missile corporate feed system, First solid-state transmitter for the Phoenix Missile system, AMRAM, fly off, transmitter, AEGIS link for the standard missile system, and a receiver for the Patriot Missile. Commercial products include TVRO and DBS receivers, low noise and power amplifiers.
What You Will Learn

Dielectric materials: characteristics and definitions. Layout effects on circuit performance. SMD Inductor, capacitor and resistor models and frequency characteristics. Match impedances and perform transformations. Measurements and de-embedding techniques. Passive model extraction. Active models for nonlinear small signal and power devices. Package models of active devices. Load-pull transistor characterization.
Microwave & RF Circuit Design & Analysis

Basic theory and real world design considerations
December 16-19, 2003

8:30 a.m. - 4:00 p.m.
Washington DC/MD
Summary
This four-day course is designed for engineers, technicians, and managers who are involved in developing hardware for the Microwave and RF industry. The material presented in this course is useful for both discrete circuit and chip level technologies. Techniques and designs will be presented for active, passive and mixed mode applications. Receiver and transmitters characteristics will also be presented. Most sections of the course are supported with simulations that verify the technical presentation. Many technical references are provided in each section of the course. Simulation files can be provided upon request
$1495
This course is for those wishing to build RF/Microwave designs that work correctly the first time.
Course Outline
1. Review of Basic Principles. Useful Equations and Tips. 2. Transmission line concepts and techniques. Reflection Coefficient, VSWR, Return Loss, Mismatch Loss. Electrical Length. Lossless and Lossy Lines. Physical realization microstrip, Stripline, coax, Waveguide, CPW. Smith Chart. Impedance Matching. S-Parameters. 3. Circuit Realization Considerations. Microwave R, L, C components. Interconnects. Active Devices. Package Parasitics. 4. CAD/CAE Tools. Microwave Office (Applied Wave Research). Linear Simulator. Harmonic Balance Non-linear simulation. Volterra mildly non-linear simulation. Electromagnetic Simulator. Layout Tools. 5. Passive Networks. Couplers Branchline, edge-coupled, Lange. Splitters symmetrical and non-symmetrical Wilkinson. Phase Shifter-Schiffman and Branchline coupler. Filters LPF prototype, HPF, Bandpass, Bandstop, Notch. Circulator. Baluns. Mixers balanced, double balanced, image reject. Attenuators Pi, Tee, balanced series and shunt. 6. Active Linear Amplifier Design. Microwave Transistor Issues. Silicon vs. GaAs. Noise sources. S-Parameters, noise figure parameters. Test fixture and model development. Small Signal Design. Low Noise Amplifier Design for maximum gain and low noise. Bias network considerations. Noise Figure and/or linear power tradeoffs. Intercept point (IP3) tradeoffs. 7. Active Large Signal Amplifier Design. Device tradeoffs - Silicon vs. GaAs. Single ended vs. push-pull. Non-linear device characterization. Differences between push-pull and single-ended characterization. Load-pull and source-pull methods. Circuit Design Issues including CW vs. pulsed operation, Peak/Average Ratio and design considerations, Optimal matching networks, Bias considerations, Stability considerations, Balanced vs. push-pull vs. inphase combining, Amplitude and Insertion phase tracking. 8. Oscillator Design Considerations. Oscillators. Device Selection. Phase Noise. VCO Design Example. 9. System Issues. Receiver Design Issues. Cascaded noise figure (Friis Formula). Cascaded IP3. Transmitter Design Issues. Up/down Converter Issues. 10. Circuits Realization and Fabrication. Substrate materials and selection tradeoffs. Component selection and mounting issues. Design for Manufacture Issues. Housing Design and potential Waveguide issues.
Instructor
Steven E. Hamilton is a consultant and lecturer in RF and Microwave active and passive circuit design, covering frequencies from 10 MHz to 94GHz. Mr. Hamilton has over 30 years of design experience including product research and development of military and commercial circuits and systems, first RF coaxial connector to work to19 GHz, HARM missile corporate feed system, first solid-state transmitter for the Phoenix Missile system, AMRAM, fly off, transmitter, AEGIS link for the standard missile system, and a receiver for the Patriot Missile. Commercial products include TVRO and DBS receivers, low noise and power amplifiers.
What You Will Learn

Describe RF circuit parameters and terminology. State the effects of parasitics on circuit performance at RF. Use graphical design techniques and the Smith Chart. Match impedances and perform transformations. Predict RF circuit stability and stabilize circuits. Design small signal and low noise RF amplifiers. Design power amplifiers. Understand manufacturing issues that affect RF performance. Design circuits that work the first time. 22 Vol. 71
Missile Autopilots
February 3-6, 2004
Summary
This applications-oriented course provides a comprehensive overview of missile autopilots. The course begins with an overview of the missile equations of motion and aerodynamic models, followed by a review of linear system theory including frequency response and Bode plots, root locus, stability criteria, and compensator design. This introductory material is followed by detailed discussion of modern missile autopilot design topics including hardware and hardware modeling, autopilot design requirements, and autopilot design examples. The remainder of the course focuses on 'real world' issues such as nonlinearities, gain scheduling, discretization, pitch-yaw-roll autopilot design, and other advanced concepts. Examples are included throughout the course.
8:30am - 4:00pm
Washington DC/MD
$1595
Course Outline
1. Overview of Missile Autopilots. Definitions, Types of Autopilots, Example Applications 2. Equations of Motion. Coordinate Systems, Transformations, Euler Angles, Force Equations, Moment Equations, Aerodynamic Variables, Linearization, Aerodynamics 3. Linear Systems. State Variables, Block Diagrams, Laplace Transforms, Transfer Functions, Impulse Response, Step Response, Stability, Second Order Systems, Frequency Response, Root Locus, Nyquist Stability Theory 4. Feedback Control. Need for Feedback, Design Criteria, Types of Feedback, Compensator Design via Root Locus, Compensator Design via Frequency Response 5. Autopilot Hardware. Actuators, Principles of the Gyro, Gyro Modeling, Principles of Accelerometers, Accelerometer Modeling 6. Pitch Autopilot Design. Time Domain Requirements, Frequency Domain Requirements, Acceleration Feedback, Acceleration and Rate Feedback, Pitch Over Autopilot, Three-Loop Autopilot 7. Implementation Issues. Body Modes, Actuator Saturation, Integrator Windup, Gain Scheduling, Discretization 8. Pitch-Yaw-Roll Autopilot Design. Classical Approach, Skid-to-Turn, Bank-to-Turn, Design Examples 9. Advanced Concepts. Multivariable Stability Analysis, LQR Optimal Control, Modern Robust Control Design Techniques
We went from theory to advanced design & analysis techniques ... all with real world issues.
Instructor
Paul Jackson is the supervisor of the Engineering and Development Section of the Guidance and Control Group at the Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) and is the APL Lead for Standard Missile-2 Guidance and Control. Since joining the staff of APL in 1988, he has worked as an analyst on missile guidance and control systems, particularly for the US Navy Tomahawk and Standard missiles. His early contributions came as a member of the APL team that was among the first to demonstrate the application of modern robust control techniques such as HInfinity Control and Mu-Synthesis to the missile autopilot design problem. Subsequent experience includes the design, analysis, and simulation of missile autopilot and guidance algorithms and hardware. Mr. Jackson has presented papers at AIAA and the IEEE conferences and is a former member of the AIAA Guidance, Navigation and Control Technical Committee.
What You Will Learn

The underlying physics governing missile dynamics. Theory and applications for autopilot design and optimization. Autopilot requirements and design tradeoffs between performance and robustness. Choosing autopilot implementation approaches. Applications to real-world missile systems. Fundamentals for autopilot design and analysis with emphasis on linear systems. Missile dynamics including aerodynamic modeling. Feedback, feedback design criteria, types of feedback, compensator design. Autopilot hardware modeling including actuators, gyros, and accelerometers. Pitch Autopilot Design. Pitch-Yaw-Roll Autopilot Design. Advanced Design and Analysis Techniques. Vol. 71 23
Modern Missile Analysis

Guidance, Control, Seekers & Technology
Summary
This course provides a comprehensive introduction to homing missiles operating in the atmosphere and in space. The practical aspects of modern tactical missiles are stressed. Missile propulsion, warheads, autopilots, guidance, control, seekers, and simulation are covered. Emphasis is on autopilots, homing guidance and seekers and their interaction. Tradeoffs and issues for different types of missile seekers and guidance policies are discussed. Phenomena such as noise and jamming and their effects are reviewed. Miss distance and factors affecting it are analyzed. Comparisons of different missile design and guidance approaches are presented. This is an introductory course for managers, engineers, physicists and technicians interested in missile technology. A complete set of lecture notes and illustrative performance examples will be provided.
December 1-4, 2003

8:30am - 4:00pm
Arlington, Virginia February 23-26, 2004

8:30am - 4:00pm
Washington DC/MD
$1495 Dr. Dyer's course is up-to-date and extremely interesting.
-Recent attendee
Course Outline
1. Introduction. Beginnings of guided missiles. Missile types and missions. Ballistic missile defense. Endoatmospheric and exoatmospheric missiles. Missile basing. Missile subsystems overview. Introduction to guidance and control. 2. Warheads and Lethality. Warhead vs hit-to kill missiles. Directional warheads. Lethality analysis, testing, and enhancement. 3. Missile Propulsion. The rocket equation. Solid and liquid systems. Single stage and multistage boosters. Ramjets and scramjets. Axial and divert propulsion. Effects of gravity and atmospheric drag. 4. Power and Power Conditioning. Missile power requirements, types of missile power sources, power conditioning and distribution. 5. Missile Airframes, Autopilots and Control. Phases of missile flight. Purpose and functions of autopilots. Autopilot design. Openloop autopilots. Inertial instruments and feedback. Autopilot response and stability. Body modes and rate saturation. Roll control and coupling. Radomes and their effects on missile control. 6. Exo-atmospheric Missiles for Ballistic Missile Defense. Propulsion and attitude control pulse width modulation. Exoatmospheric missile autopilots. Limit cycles. Exo-atmospheric missile performance. 7. Missile Guidance. Midcourse missile guidance. Proportional navigation and augmented proportional navigation. Biased proportional navigation. Zero effort miss. Predictive proportional navigation. Optimum homing navigation. Guidance filters. Kalman Filters. Miss distance and missile trajectories with different homing guidance laws. Sources of miss and miss reduction. Beam rider and pursuit guidance. 8. Missile Seekers. Seeker types and operation for endo- and exoatmospheric missiles. Radar basics and radar seekers. Passive sensing and passive seekers. Scanning seekers and focal plane arrays. Signal processing. Jamming and decoys. 9. Simulation and its uses. Two to six dimensional simulations and their uses. Hardware in the loop. Adjoint simulation and its use. Current simulation capabilities and future trends.
What You Will Learn

You will gain an understanding of the design and analysis of homing missiles and their major subsystems including propulsion, autopilots, instruments, guidance, control, seekers, power and warheads. Operational principles of homing missiles. Guidance and control. Missile types and tradeoffs in design. Use of missile simulation. Latest developments and future trends.
Instructor
Dr. Walter R. Dyer is a graduate of UCLA in Control Systems Engineering and Applied Mathematics. He has thirty years of industry, government and academic experience in the analysis and design of tactical and strategic missiles. His experience includes Standard Missile, Stinger, AMRAAM, HARM, MX, Small ICBM, and missiles for ballistic missile defense. He is currently Technical Advisor to the Deputy for Technology at the Missile Defense Agency in Washington, DC. He has authored numerous industry and government reports and published prominent papers in missile technology. He has taught university courses in Kalman Filtering and Random Processes, Control Systems, Electromagnetics, Computer Simulation, and Circuit Theory. 24 Vol. 71
Propagation Effects for Radar and Communication Systems

April 13-15, 2004 Washington DC/MD
$1290 (8:30am - 4:00pm)
Course Outline Summary

This three-day course examines the atmospheric effects that influence the propagation characteristics of radar and communication signals at microwave and millimeter frequencies for both earth and earth-satellite scenarios. These include propagation in standard, ducting, and subrefractive atmospheres, attenuation due to the gaseous atmosphere, precipitation, and ionospheric effects. Propagation estimation techniques are given such as the Tropospheric Electromagnetic Parabolic Equation Routine (TEMPER) and Radio Physical Optics (RPO). Formulations for calculating attenuation due to the gaseous atmosphere and precipitation for terrestrial and earth-satellite scenarios employing International Telecommunication Union (ITU) models are reviewed. Case studies are presented from experimental line-of-sight, over-the-horizon, and earth-satellite communication systems. Example problems, calculation methods, and formulations are presented throughout the course for purpose of providing practical estimation tools
1. Fundamental Propagation Phenomena. Introduction to basic propagation concepts including reflection, refraction, diffraction and absorption. 2. Propagation in a Standard Atmosphere. Introduction to the troposphere and its constituents. Discussion of ray propagation in simple atmospheric conditions and explanation of effective-earth radius concept. 3. Non-Standard (Anomalous) Propagation. Definition of subrefraction, supperrefraction and various types of ducting conditions. Discussion of meteorological processes giving rise to these different refractive conditions. 4. Atmospheric Measurement/Sensing Techniques. Discussion of methods used to determine atmospheric refractivity with descriptions of different types of sensors such as balloonsondes, rocketsondes, instrumented aircraft and remote sensors. 5. Quantitative Prediction of Propagation Factor or Propagation Loss. Various methods, current and historical for calculating propagation are described. Several models such as EREPS, RPO, TPEM, TEMPER and APM are examined and contrasted. 6. Propagation Impacts on System Performance. General discussions of enhancements and degradations for communications, radar and weapon systems are presented. Effects covered include radar detection, track continuity, monopulse tracking accuracy, radar clutter, and communication interference and connectivity. 7. Degradation of Propagation in the Troposphere. An overview of the contributors to attenuation in the troposphere for terrestrial and earthsatellite communication scenarios. 8. Attenuation Due to the Gaseous Atmosphere. Methods for determining attenuation coefficient and path attenuation using ITU-R models. 9. Attenuation Due to Precipitation. Attenuation coefficients and path attenuation and their dependence on rain rate. Earth-satellite rain attenuation statistics from which system fade-margins may be designed. ITU-R estimation methods for determining rain attenuation statistics at variable frequencies. 10. Ionospheric Effects at Microwave Frequencies. Description and formulation for Faraday rotation, time delay, range error effects, absorption, dispersion and scintillation. 11. Scattering from Distributed Targets. Received power and propagation factor for bistatic and monostatic scenarios from atmosphere containing rain or turbulent refractivity. 12. Line-of-Sight Propagation Effects. Signal characteristics caused by ducting and extreme subrefraction. Concurrent meteorological and radar measurements and multi-year fading statistics. 13. Over-Horizon Propagation Effects. Signal characteristics caused by tropsocatter and ducting and relation to concurrent meteorology. Propagation factor statistics. 14. Errors in Propagation Assessment. Assessment of errors obtained by assuming lateral homogeneity of the refractivity environment.
Instructors
G. Daniel Dockery received the B.S. degree in physics and the M.S. degree in electrical engineering from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Since joining The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (JHU/APL) in 1983, he has been active in the areas of modeling EM propagation in the troposphere as well as predicting the impact of the environment on radar and communications systems. Mr. Dockery is a principal-author of the propagation and surface clutter models currently used by the Navy for highfidelity system performance analyses at frequencies from HF to Ka-Band.
Vol. 71 25
Radar Systems Design & Engineering

Radar Performance Calculations
Summary
This four-day course covers intermediate level radar functionality, architecture, and performance. Diverse issues such as transmitter stability, antenna pattern, clutter, jamming, propagation, target cross section, dynamic range, receiver noise, receiver architecture, waveforms, processing, and target detection are treated in detail within the unifying context of the radar range equation, and examined within the contexts of surface and airborne radar platforms. The fundamentals of multi-target tracking principles are covered, and detailed examples of surface and airborne radars are presented. This course is designed for engineers and engineering managers who wish to understand how surface and airborne radar systems work, and to familiarize themselves with pertinent design issues and the current technological frontiers.
March 1-4, 2004

8:30am - 4:00pm
Washington DC/MD
1. The Radar Range Equation. Radar ranging principles, frequencies, architecture, measurements, displays, and parameters. Radar range equation; radar waveforms; antenna patterns, types, and parameters. 2. Noise in Receiving Systems and Detection Principles. Noise sources; statistical properties. Radar range equation; false alarm and detection probability; and pulse integration schemes. Radar cross section; stealth; fluctuating targets; stochastic models; detection of fluctuating targets.. 3. Propagation of Radio Waves in the Troposphere. The pattern propagation factor; interference (multipath,) and diffraction; refraction; standard refractivity; sub-refractivity; super refractivity; trapping; propagation ducts; littoral propagation; modeling; attenuation. 4. CW Radar, Doppler, and Receiver Architecture. Basic properties; CW and high PRF relationships; dynamic range, stability; isolation requirements, techniques, and devices; superheterodyne receivers; in-phase and quadrature receivers; signal spectrum; spectral broadening; matched filtering; Doppler filtering; Spectral modulation; CW ranging; and measurement accuracy. 5. Radar Clutter. Surface and volumetric clutter; reflectivity; stochastic properties; global, local, and instantaneous distributions; spectral spread and correlation; sea, land, rain, chaff, birds, and urban clutter. 6. Clutter Filtering Principles. Signal and clutter separation techniques; range and Doppler techniques; transmitter stability and filtering; pulse Doppler and MTI; MTD; blind speeds and blind ranges; staggered MTI; notch shaping; gains and losses. Performance measures for clutter. Improvement factor, limitation sources; stability noise sources; composite errors; types of MTI. 7. Airborne Radar. Platform motion effects; iso-ranges and iso-Dopplers; antenna pattern effects; clutter; reflection point; altitude line. The role of medium and high PRF's in lookdown modes; the three PRF regimes; range and Doppler ambiguities; velocity search modes; high resolution Doppler sharpening and synthetic aperture ground mapping modes; pulse compression; stability and mainbeam clutter. 8. Radar Measurement Principles. Range over-sampling and interpolation. Angle measurement: beam interpolation, scanning radar, sequential lobbing, conical scan, and monopulse. EW vulnerability; error analysis; resolution, multiple targets, and glint; low elevation tracking; performance optimization methods. 9. Advanced Topics. Electronically steered arrays; multifunction radars; active arrays; auto-calibration and compensation; high range resolution techniques: true time delays; instantaneous and synthetic wide band; adaptive cancellation techniques; digital beam forming. 10. Multiple Target Tracking. Definition of basic terms. Track initiation: initiating new tracks; recursive and batch algorithms; sizing of gates for tracking; out of N processing. State estimation and filtering: least-squares filter and Kalman filter. Adaptive filtering and multiple model methods. Use of fastened suboptimal filters. Correlation and association: correlation tests and gates; association algorithms; probabilistic data association and multiple hypothesis algorithms.
What You Will Learn

What are radar subsystems How to calculate radar performance Key functions, issues, and requirements How different requirements make radars different Operating in different modes & environments Issues unique to multifunction, phased array, radars How airborne radars differ from surface radars Today's requirements, technologies & designs
Instructors
Dr. Menachem Levitas is the Chief Scientist of Technology Service Corporation (TSC) / Washington Operation. He has 33 years of experience, 25 of which include radar systems analysis and design for the Navy, Air Force, and FAA. He holds the degree of Ph.D. in physics from the University of Virginia. He has worked extensively on the AEGIS radar system, and has had significant experience with many other existing and national Navy, Air Force, and Foreign radars. He has performed the radar suite tradeoff analysis for the DD 21 radar program which included Counter Fire considerations in support of the US Marine Corps requirements. He is the recipient of the AEGIS Excellence Team Award for his contributions for the AN/SPY-1 radar High Range Resolution (HRR) Development. Stan Silberman is a member of the Corporate Staff of TSC/Washington. He has 31 years of experience in radar systems analysis and design for the Navy, Marine Corps, Air Force, and FAA. In support of Navy programs, he has performed analysis and developed simulations on the AN/SPS-49 and AN/SPY-1 radar, as well as multisensor tracking systems such as AN/SYS-1 and -2. Marine Corps support has included performance assessment of the AN/TPS-59 and AN/TPS-63 radars and simulation and analysis of the multisensor tracker in TAOC. His areas of specialization include automatic detection and tracking systems, sensor data fusion, simulation, and system evaluation.
26 Vol. 71
Radar Tracking, Kalman Filtering and Multi-Sensor Data Fusion

February 9-11, 2004
8:30am - 4:00pm
Washington DC/MD
$1290 Summary
The objective of this course is to introduce engineers, scientists, managers, and military operations personnel to the fields of radar tracking, data fusion and to the key technologies which are available today for application to this field. The course is designed to be rigorous where appropriate, while remaining accessible to students without a specific scientific background in this field. The course will start from the fundamentals and move to advanced concepts. This course will identify and characterize the principal components of typical tracking systems. A variety of techniques for addressing different aspects of the tracking data fusion problem will be described. For example, different techniques are required for the assimilation of "time-late" data than those used for "real-time" data. Real world examples of data fusion systems used by both the Navy and the Marines will be presented and discussed. This course will also use specific illustrative examples to show the tradeoffs and systems issues between application of different techniques
Course Outline
1. Target Tracking Overview. Fundamental concepts for tracking radar targets. Range, bearing and Doppler measurements. Track initiation: initiating new tracks; recursive & batch algorithms. 2. Single-Target Single-Sensor Tracking. State Estimation and Kalman Filtering. Alpha-Beta Filtering. Bearings-Only Tracking. 3. Multiple-Target Single-Sensor Tracking. Data Association Problem/Joint Probability. Multiple Hypothesis Tracking. Tracking in clutter. 4. Target maneuvers. Process noise. Singer noise model. Adaptive noise models. Interactive Multiple Model. 5. Non-linear filtering. When is it necessary? Ballistic tracking. 6. Multiple-Target Multiple-Sensor Tracking. Fusion Architectures - Centralized vs. Distributed, Fusion Architectures - Contact-to-track and Track-to-track. 7. Similar sensor fusion. Architectures, algorithms, methodology. 8. Dissimilar sensor fusion. Comparison to fusion of similar sensors. 9. Sensor alignment. Types of alignment problems. Techniques. 10. Attribute Fusion. Identification/Classification, Bayesian Inference, Dempster Shafer (Evidential Reasoning), Rule-Based and Expert Systems, Neural Networks, Fuzzy Logic, Bayesian Networks.
Instructor
Stan Silberman is a member of the Corporate Staff of TSC/Washington. He has 31 years of experience in radar systems analysis and design for the Navy, Marine Corps, Air Force, and FAA. In support of Navy programs, he has performed analysis and developed simulations on the AN/SPS-49 and AN/SPY-1 radar, as well as multisensor tracking systems such as AN/SYS-1 and -2. Marine Corps support has included performance assessment of the AN/TPS-59 and AN/TPS-63 radars and simulation and analysis of the multisensor tracker in TAOC. His areas of specialization include automatic detection and tracking systems, sensor data fusion, simulation, and system evaluation.
What You Will Learn

Classical Alpha-Beta and Kalman Filtering Techniques and their role in tracking. Sensor Characteristics - Impact on Algorithm Selection. Various tracking algorithms, their advantages and limitations, including: - Multiple Hypothesis Tracking (MHT) and Correlation - Probabilistic Data Association Filtering (PDAF) - Interactive Multiple Modeling (IMM) Identification/Classification Technologies: Expert Systems, Neural Networks, Fuzzy Logic, Bayesian Networks. Contact-to-Track and Track-to-Track Architectures: Advantages and Disadvantages. Real World Data Fusion Systems and Implementation Issues.
Vol. 71 27
Synthetic Aperture Radar

Fundamentals
November 17-18, 2003
Dulles, Virginia
Advanced
November 19-20, 2003
Dulles, Virginia
March 1-2, 2004

Washington DC/MD Instructors: Walt McCandless Bart Huxtable $890 (8:30am - 4:00pm) What You Will Learn
Basic concepts and principles of SAR. What are the key system parameters. How is performance calculated. Design and implementation tradeoffs. Current system performance. Emerging systems.
March 3-4, 2004

Washington DC/MD Instructor: Bart Huxtable $890
(8:30am - 4:00pm)
What You Will Learn

How to apply SAR to the design of high-resolution systems. How to design and build high performance signal processors. Design and implementation tradeoffs. SAR activities in DoD, NASA and commercial applications. Current state-of-the-art.
Course Outline
1. Applications Overview. A survey of important applications and how they influence the SAR system from sensor through processor. A wide number of SAR designs and modes will be presented from the pioneering classic, single channel, strip mapping systems to more advanced all-polarization, spotlight, and interferometric designs. 2. Applications and System Design Tradeoffs and Constraints. System design formulation will begin with a class interactive design workshop using the RadarCalc model designed for the purpose of demonstrating the constraints imposed by range/Doppler ambiguities, minimum antenna area, limitations and related radar physics and engineering constraints. Contemporary pacing technologies in the area of antenna design, on-board data collection and processing and ground system processing and analysis will also be presented along with a projection of SAR technology advancements, in progress, and how they will influence future applications. 3. Civil Applications. A review of the current NASA and foreign scientific applications of SAR. 4. Commercial Applications. The emerging interest in commercial applications is international and is fueled by programs such as Canadas RadarSat, the European ERS series, the Russian ALMAZ systems and the current NASA/industry LightSAR initiative. The applications (soil moisture, surface mapping, change detection, resource exploration and development, etc.) driving this interest will be presented and analyzed in terms of the sensor and platform space/airborne and associated ground systems design and projected cost. 28 Vol. 71
Course Outline
1. SAR Review Origins. Theory, Design, Engineering, Modes, Applications, System 2. Processing Basics. Traditional strip map processing steps, theoretical justification, processing systems designs, typical processing systems. 3. Advanced SAR Processing. Processing complexities arising from uncompensated motion and low frequency (e.g., foliage penetrating) SAR processing. 4. Interferometric SAR. Description of the state-of-the-art IFSAR processing techniques: complex SAR image registration, interferogram and correlogram generation, phase unwrapping, and digital terrain elevation data (DTED) extraction. 5. Spotlight Mode SAR. Theory and implementation of high resolution imaging. Differences from strip map SAR imaging. 6. Polarimetric SAR. Description of the image information provided by polarimetry and how this can be exploited for terrain classification, soil moisture, ATR, etc. 7. High Performance Computing Hardware. Parallel implementations, supercomputers, compact DSP systems, hybrid opto-electronic system. 8. Image Phenomenology & Interpretation. Imagery of moving targets (e.g., train off the track), lay over, shadowing, slant-plane versus ground plane imagery, ocean imagery. 9. Example Systems and Applications. SIR-C, ERS-1, AirSAR, Almaz, image artifacts and causes. ATR, coherent change detection, polarimetry, along-track interferometry.
Broadband Communications And Networking

March 29-30, 2004
Summary
This two-day course is designed for engineers and managers who are involved with broadband communications, networking, modems, voice, data, and video distribution and the infrastructure to provide high-speed communication to the home or office, and to provide ubiquitous coverage. This course provides an overall look at many types of distribution and networking that can be used in wireless systems today. This course also covers a wide variety of different modulation schemes and spread spectrum techniques to allow higher data rates and reduce jammer susceptibility.
8:30am - 4:00pm
Washington DC/MD
$890
Course Outline
1. Basic Telephone Fundamentals Local Loop, tip and ring, standard modems, digital modulation, Personal Communications Services PCS & Cellular, multiple access, GSM, ISM bands. 2. High Speed Modems. ADSL, ADSL lite/G.lite, ISDL, HDSL, HDSL2, SDSL, VDSL, ISDN, Cable modems, error correction using block and convolutional encoders, interleaving, DSLAM, DMT, Ethernet, ATM, PVC, Video, MPEG1, MPEG2, MPEG4 3. Digital Modulation Techniques. BPSK, QPSK, 8PSK, 16QAM, FSK, MSK, GMSK, TDMA, FDMA, CDMA, OFDM, Spread Spectrum 4. Orthogonal Signals. Quadrature detection, Quadrature polarization, Costas Loop, Phasor Diagrams, Graham Schmidt Orthogonalizer, OFDM, COFDM, Inner product 5. Networking. LANs, WANs, Star, Bus, Ring, Ethernet, CSMA/CD, USB, 7-layer Comm. model. 6. Communications using the Powerline Carrier PLC. Telephonepowerline distribution, phase jumping, amplitude response 7. Communications using the Phoneline, HomePNA PhonelinePLC. hybrid, phoneline-PLC-RF hybrid 8. RF & Microwave Communications. Link budget, FH, PSK, QAM, FEC, Multiple users, power control, near-far problems, antenna diversity, Spread spectrum, PN code, Network standards, IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth-802.15, Bluetooth classes, DGFSK, TDM/TDD, FH, packets, sliding correlator,piconets,HomeRF,FHSS, HIPERLAN, Error detection-CRC, OFDM, CCK 9. Last Mile. POTS, Coax, Fiber, hybrid fiber coax, Wireless, Terrestrial Communications, LMDS, MMDS, PTP, PMP, VoIP, CPE, NOC, NNE, NIU, Hubs, Satellite Communications. 10. Satellite Communications. Geostationary, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Eutelsat, ADPCM, PAMA, DAMA, DSI, DCME, VSAT, Cassegrain, Gregorian, Prime Focus, Equivalent Temp, G/T, link budget
Instructor
Scott R. Bullock, P.E., MSEE, specializes in Wireless Communications including Spread Spectrum Systems and Broadband Communication Systems for both government and commercial. He holds numerous patents in communications and has published several articles in various trade magazines. He was active in establishing the data link standard for GPS SCAT-I landing systems and developed spread spectrum landing systems for the government. He is the author of two books, Transceiver and System Design for Digital Communications & Broadband Communications and Home Networking. Author of numerous technical articles, adjunct professor at ITT, guest lecturer for Polytechnic University on Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum and Multiple Access Technologies.
What You Will Learn

What is wireless telecommunication and types of services in use today? What high-speed modems are used today and ways to enhance operation? What methods are used for spread spectrum modems, multiple access, digital communication systems? What are orthogonal signals and their use in wireless communication? What are different ways to Network and the 7-layer communication model? What are the last mile and methods of distribution of high speed digital communication for ubiquitous distribution?
From this course you will gain an understanding of broadband wireless communications and networking systems for ubiquitous distribution of high-speed data.
Vol. 71 29
Implementing TCP/IP and IPv6 Networks

Migrating Your Internetwork to the Next Generation Internet Protocol
March 29-30, 2004 Washington DC/MD

$990 (8:30am - 4:00pm)
The growth of the Internet has taxed the capabilities of the current Internet Protocol, IP version 4, requiring enhancements for real-time application support, security, and addressing, that are some of the key enhancements found in IPv6.
Course Outline
1. Using TCP/IP and the Internet. Origin and development of the protocols. The ARPA architecture, and its relationship to the OSI Reference Model. Internet growth and future developments. 2. Supporting TCP/IP and the Internet Protocols. The ARPA core protocols. The ARPA address resolution, control and routing protocols. Implementation support within IBM SNA, Windows, Macintosh, and LAN networking environments. 3. The Network Interface Connection. Functions of the LAN, MAN and WAN network interfaces. Enabling protocols including Ethernet, FDDI, ISDN, ATM, and Frame Relay. Dialup support using PPP and SLIP. 4. The Internetwork Connection. Functions of the Internet Layer. Routing and packet processing algorithms. Functions of the IP header fields. Addressing and subnetwork addressing architectures. Protocols implemented to support the internetwork connection: ARP, RARP, ICMP, BOOTP, RIP, OSPF, EGP, BGP and DNS. Case studies: remote host login sequence, and message fragmentation. 5. The Host-to-Host Connection. Functions of the Host-to-Host Layer. Port addresses. Function and operation of the User Datagram Protocol (UDP). Functions and operation of the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). Case study: establishing and terminating TCP connections. 6. The Process/Application Connection. Functions of the Process/Application Layer. Functions and operation of the commonly-used applications: TFTP, FTP, TELNET, SMTP, HTTP and NetBIOS. 7. Managing the Internet. The specific management functional areas. Agent/manager model. Structure of Management Information (SMI). Management Information Bases (MIBs). The Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP), versions 1, 2 and 3, architecture and message formats. 8. The Need for a New Internet Protocol. The explosive growth of the Internet. Shortcomings of IP version 4. Technical criteria for IP Next Generation (IPng). The final result: IP Version 6. The 6Bone network. 9. The IPv6 Specification. IPv6 changes. IPv6 terminology. The IPv6 header format. Comparing IPv6 with IPv4. Next Header Field Operation. IPv6 packet format. Optional extension headers. Packet size issues. Case Study 1: IPv6 transport over an IPv4 network infrastructure. 10. IPv6 Addressing Architecture. The Benchmark - IPv4 Addresses. Classless Interdomain Routing (CIDR). Address options: Unicast, Anycast and Multicast. IPv6 addressing architecture. Unicast addresses: subnet, IEEE 802, hierarchical, provider-based. Transition addresses: IPv4 to/from IPv6. Anycast addresses. Multicast addresses. Case Study 2: addressing operations through an IPv6 network. 11. Intranetwork Communications. The Benchmark - ICMP for IPv4. ICMPv6 functions. ICMPv6 message formats. Multicast Listener messages. Neighbor Discovery messages. Path MTU discovery process. Neighbor Unreachability state diagram. Case Study 3: Router Advertisement Messages. 12. Autoconfiguration and Local Network Issues. Address autoconfiguration. DHCPv6. IPv6 over local and wide area networks: Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI, PPP, ATM and Frame Relay. Case Study 4: Neighbor Solicitation/Neighbor Advertisement processes. 13. Routing Issues. IPv6 support for RIPng, OSPF and BGP. Case Study 5: RIP operation within IPv6 networks. 14. Host Issues. Upper layer checksums. Maximum packet lifetimes. Maximum payload size. Domain Name System (DNS) upgrades. Berkeley UNIX API enhancements. IPv6 security mechanisms. Authentication header format and operation. Encryption header format and operation. 15. Network Management Issues. The Agent/Manager paradigm. Structure of Management Information. Management Information Base. IPv6 MIB groups. SNMPv1, v2 and v3 protocol data unit formats. 16. Transition Strategies - moving from IPv4 to IPv6. The transition process. Dual IP stack architectures and operation. Packet encapsulation/decapsulation formats. Configured tunneling. Automatic tunneling: host-to-host and router-to-host scenarios. Routing scenarios between IPv4 and IPv6 areas. Implementation roadmap. 17. Vendor solutions and implementation plans. IPv6 specifications, vendor implementations, and resources.
What You Will Learn

The architecture of the Internet, and how IP-connected networks interface to that architecture. Understand the formats of TCP, IP, UDP and others. Study the functions of the supporting protocols, such as ARP, RARP, DNS, BOOTP, RIP and OSPF. Discover how applications such as FTP, TELNET, SMTP and HTTP are integrated into a TCP/IP environment. Study the various TCP processes, including connections, sequence control, and flow control. Understand the operation of SNMP, the Internet standard for network management. Understand the limitations of the current IPv4. Key features of IPv6: larger addresses and security. Analyze the formats of the IPv6 packet header, extension headers, and other constructs. Gain insights into how the IPv6 transition will affect other functions at the routers and hosts. Explore the affects of IPv6 on other elements of your internet or intranet architecture. Learn leading vendors such as Cisco Systems, Sun, IBM, Microsoft and others are implementing IPv6. See how the implementation of IPv6 will allow expansion of the global Internet to continue. Learn how to strategically plan your transition to IPv6. Public domain sources of further information on IPv6.
Instructor
Mark A. Miller, P.E., has been directly involved with data communication systems and computer networks since 1976. Prior to founding DigiNet Corporation, he held a number of engineering and management positions within Southwestern Bell; Bell Telephone Laboratories; and AT&T. Mark has lectured extensively on data communication; internetwork design and management; and troubleshooting and analyzing complex internetworks; and has taught at Comdex, Comnet, Networld+Interop, Next Generation Networks, and many other conferences. He is the author of 20 textbooks on internetwork design, analysis and management, published by John Wiley & Sons and McGraw-Hill. Mark holds both BS and MS degrees in Electrical Engineering, and is a Registered Professional Engineer in Colorado, Arizona, Wyoming and Kansas.
30 Vol. 71
IP Networking Over Satellite

For Government, Military & Commercial Enterprises
January 20-22, 2004 Arlington, Virginia May 18-20, 2004 Washington DC/MD
$1390 (8:30am - 5:00pm) Summary
This three-day course is designed for satellite engineers and managers in government and industry who need to increase their understanding of the Internet and how Internet Protocols (IP) can be used to transmit data and voice over satellites. IP has become the worldwide standard for data communications. Satellites extend the reach of the Internet and Intranets. Satellites deliver multicast content efficiently anywhere in the world. With these benefits come challenges. Satellite delay and bit errors can impact performance. Satellite links must be integrated with terrestrial networks. Space segment is expensive; there are routing and security issues. This course explains the techniques and architectures used to mitigate these challenges. Quantitative techniques for understanding throughput and response time are presented. System diagrams describe the satellite/terrestrial interface. The course notes provide an up-to-date reference. An extensive bibliography is supplied.
Course Outline
1. Introduction. 2. Fundamentals of Data Networking. Packet switching, circuit switching, Seven Layer Model (ISO). Wide Area Networks including, X.25, Frame Relay, ATM Aloha, DVB. Local Area Networks, Ethernet. Physical communications layer. 3. The Internet and its Protocols. The Internet Protocol (IP). Routing between and within networks, Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). Impact of bit errors and propagation delay on TCP-based applications. User Datagram Protocol (UDP). IP Multicasting. Introduction to higher level services. Router functions. 4. Quality of Service Issues in the Internet. Definition of quality factors for streams and files. Performance of voice and video over IP. Response time for web object retrievals using HTTP. Methods for improving QoS: ATM, MPLS, Differentiated services, RSVP. Priority processing and packet discard in routers. Caching and protocol enhancement. Security issues including intrusion and denial of service. 5. Satellite Data Networking Architectures. Geosynchronous satellites. The link budget, modulation techniques, methods for overcoming bit errors, bandwidth efficiency. Ground station architectures for data networking: Point to Point, Point to Multipoint. Shared outbound carriers incorporating Frame Relay, DVB. Return channels for shared outbound systems: TDMA, CDMA, Aloha, DVB/RCS. Meshed networks for Intranets. A case history - design of a TDMA system to determine TDMA overhead. 6. Issues for Internet, Intranet and Content Delivery Systems. Routing issues for hybrid satellite systems. Multicast over satellite open loop and closed loop. Differences between Internet backbone, Direct to the Home and Intranet services. Content Delivery, using push technology to deliver IP multicast to the enterprise. Network management and security considerations for IP-based satellite systems. 7. Quantitative Methods for Designing Mission Critical Satellite Networks. Queuing theory helps predict response time. Single Server Queues, Multiserver Queues, Impact of priority processing; A design case history, using queuing theory to determine how much bandwidth is needed to meet response time goals in a voice and data network. 8. A View of the Future. The impact of Ka-band, Onboard processing, Inter-satellite links, Spot beams, Adaptive coding, and Modulation techniques on cost effectiveness. Future trends in low-cost earth stations. An overview of new generation government and commercial satellites.
Instructor
Burt H. Liebowitz is Principal Network Engineer at the MITRE Corporation, McLean, Virginia, specializing in the analysis of wireless services. He has more than 30 years experience in computer networking, the last six of which have focused on Internet-over-satellite services. He was President of NetSat Express Inc., a leading provider of such services. Before that he was Chief Technical Officer for Loral Orion (now Cyberstar), responsible for Internet-over-satellite access products. Mr. Liebowitz has authored two books on distributed processing and numerous articles on computing and communications systems. He has lectured extensively on computer networking. He holds three patents for a satellite-based data networking system. Mr. Liebowitz has B.E.E. and M.S. in Mathematics degrees from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, and an M.S.E.E. from Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn.
What You Will Learn

How packet switching works and how it enables voice and data networking. The rules and protocols for packet switching in the Internet. How to use satellites as essential elements in mission critical data networks. How to understand and overcome the impact of propagation delay and bit errors on throughput and response time in satellite-based IP networks. How to link satellite and terrestrial circuits to create hybrid IP networks. How to select the appropriate system architectures for Internet access, enterprise and content delivery networks. How to design satellite-based networks to meet user throughput and response time requirements. The impact on cost and performance of new technology, such as LEOs, Ka band, on-board processing, inter-satellite links.
After taking this course you will understand how the Internet works and how to implement satellitebased networks that provide Internet access, multicast content delivery services, and missioncritical Intranet services to users around the world.
Vol. 71 31
Satellite Communication
An Essential Introduction
Summary
This two-day introductory course has been taught to thousands of industry professionals, to rave reviews, around the world. It is intended primarily for nontechnical people who must understand the entire field of commercial satellite communications, and who must understand and communicate with engineers and other technical personnel. The secondary audience is technical personnel moving into the industry who need a quick and thorough overview of what is going on in the industry, and who need an example of how to communicate with less technical individuals. The course is a primer to the concepts, jargon, buzzwords, and acronyms of the industry, plus an overview of commercial satellite communications hardware, operations, and business environment. Concepts are explained at a basic level, minimizing the use of math, and providing real-world examples. The first section provides non-technical people with technical background necessary to understand the space and earth segments of the industry, culminating with the importance of the link budget. The concluding section of the course provides an overview of the business issues, including major operators, regulation and legal issues, and issues and trends affecting the industry. Attendees have time to ask questions and discuss issues pertinent to their interests.
December 4-5, 2003 Washington DC/MD April 27-28, 2004 Baltimore, MD

$890 (8:30am - 4:30pm)
Course Outline
1. Satellites and Telecommunication. Introduction and historical background. Legal and regulatory environment of satellite telecommunications: industry issues; standards and protocols; regulatory bodies; satellite services and applications; steps to licensing a system. Telecommunications users, applications, and markets: fixed services, broadcast services, mobile services, navigation services. 2. Communications Fundamentals. Basic definitions and measurements: decibels. The spectrum and its uses: properties of waves; frequency bands; bandwidth. Analog and digital signals. Carrying information on waves: coding, modulation, multiplexing, networks and protocols. Signal quality, quantity, and noise: measures of signal quality; noise; limits to capacity; advantages of digital. 3. The Space Segment. The space environment: gravity, radiation, solid material. Orbits: types of orbits; geostationary orbits; non-geostationary orbits. Orbital slots, frequencies, footprints, and coverage: slots; satellite spacing; eclipses; sun interference. Out to launch: launchers job; launch vehicles; the launch campaign; launch bases. Satellite systems and construction: structure and busses; antennas; power; thermal control; stationkeeping and orientation; telemetry and command. Satellite operations: housekeeping and communications. 4. The Ground Segment. Earth stations: types, hardware, and pointing. Antenna properties: gain; directionality; limits on sidelobe gain. Space loss, electronics, EIRP, and G/T: LNA-B-Cs; signal flow through an earth station. 5. The Satellite Earth Link. Atmospheric effects on signals: rain; rain climate models; rain fade margins. Link budgets: C/N and Eb/No. Multiple access: SDMA, FDMA, TDMA, CDMA; demand assignment; on-board multiplexing. 6. Satellite Communications Systems. Satellite communications providers: satellite competitiveness; competitors; basic economics; satellite systems and operators; using satellite systems. Issues, trends, and the future.
Instructor
Dr. Mark R. Chartrand is a consultant and lecturer in satellite telecommunications and the space sciences. For a more than seventeen years he has presented professional seminars on satellite technology and on telecommunications to individuals and businesses throughout the United States, Canada, Latin America, Europe and Asia. Dr. Chartrand has served as a technical and/or business consultant to NASA, Arianespace, GTE Spacenet, Intelsat, Antares Satellite Corp., Moffett-LarsonJohnson, Arianespace, Delmarva Power, Hewlett-Packard, and the International Communications Satellite Society of Japan, among others. He has appeared as an invited expert witness before Congressional subcommittees and was an invited witness before the National Commission on Space. He was the founding editor and the Editor-in-Chief of the annual The World Satellite Systems Guide, and later the publication Strategic Directions in Satellite Communication. He is author of six books and hundreds of articles in the space sciences. He has been chairman of several international satellite conferences, and a speaker at many others. 32 Vol. 71
What You Will Learn

How do commercial satellites fit into the telecommunications industry? How are satellites planned, built, launched, and operated? How do earth stations function? What is a link budget and why is it important? What legal and regulatory restrictions affect the industry? What are the issues and trends driving the industry?
Satellite Laser Communications

April 5-7, 2004
8:30 am - 4:30 pm
Arlington, Virginia
$1290
From this course you will acquire the basic knowledge and principles of laser communications needed to perform basic engineering tradeoffs, perform system conceptual design, and interpret current technical literature in the field. You will also become familiar with the basic technology options available to the optical communication system developer, especially in the context of spacecraft constraints.
Course Outline
1. Synopsis of Fundamentals. Basic concepts and equations for reflection, refraction, and diffraction will be described to establish the basis for further discussion of the components and system functional performance of laser communications. A little quantum theory will be introduced to prepare for describing the operation of lasers, detectors, and optical amplifiers. Finally, some basic communication and control theory will be reviewed. 2. Applications and Requirements. The two basic application environments are near terrestrial and deep space, and the two major areas are military and civilian. These will be discussed in terms of their impact on system functional requirements, which are delineated in terms of the basic tasks of acquisition, pointing and tracking. 3. Essential Optical Components. The key individual optical components used will be explained, which include simple lenses, collimators, and beam expanders, as well as fiber components and diffractive optics. Although both refracting and reflecting telescopes will be reviewed, the principal type used is the Cassegrain, which will be described in greater detail. 4. Lasers. Several types of lasers can be used in satellite optical communication. Although Nd:YAG lasers have been used and will be described briefly, semiconductor and laser diodes are increasingly being used. Combined with optical amplifiers they constitute a new class of sources know as fiber lasers. 5. Detectors. The two basic types of detectors used are PIN photodiodes and avalanche photodiodes. They will be described in terms of their basic principles of operation and distinguished in terms of their responsivity, noise characteristics, gain, and bandwidth, and how these parameters influence the achievable signal-tonoise ratio (SNR). 6. Transmitter and Receiver Electronics. Several important electronic functions and components will be described, including: modulation, demodulation, mixers, and pre-amplifiers. Key modulation techniques and formats will be described and compared. 7. Beamsteerers. Three types of laser beam steering technologies will be described, which are tip/tilt, linear position, and electro-optical (EO). The first two can be implemented using piezoelectric actuators, and tip/tilt mirrors can also be implemented using MEMS technology. EO types include liquid crystals and photonic crystals. 8. System Functions: Acquisition. Acquisition is a key prerequisite to communicating optically in free-space and differs in terms of the optical power, angle coverage, and bandwidth requirements from the other system functions. 9. System Functions: Pointing and Tracking. Pointing and tracking must be established and maintained to enable communication. The two basic alternatives for the tracking sensor are the quad photodetector and the focal plane array. The basic features and operation of these will be described, including their electronic and algorithmic functions of monopulse arithmetic and centroiding. The adjunct function of inertial reference measurements will also be described briefly. 10. System Functions: Communications. Three basic types of receiver architectures will be described: direct detection, direct detection with optical amplifiers, and heterodyne (coherent). They will be distinguished in terms of their SNR performance and limitations in reaching the ideal quantum limit of performance. 11. System Performance: The Link Equation. The most important tool used by satellite communication engineers is the link equation, which brings together all the parameters of the system components and establishes the overall link margin required. All terms that are used will be described and quantified, including space loss. 12. System Performance: Data Rate versus Bit Error Rate. To completely characterize system performance the link equation must be combined with a noise model to establish a relationship between the desired data rate and the required bit error rate. This relationship will be explored using examples from near terrestrial space (a geosynchronous earth orbit to ground downlink), and a deep space example (to/from the outer planets).
Summary
This three-day course is designed for engineers and technical managers unfamiliar with the field of optical communications (but who have a general background in EE or physics) who want to understand and apply some of the basic knowledge and analytical tools to the use of this technology in spacecraft communications. All the basic information on optics, lasers, detectors, beamsteering, pointing and tracking, modulation techniques, and system performance prediction will be covered. Basic software tools will be provided in MATLAB.
Instructor
Dr. Bradley G. Boone has 26 years experience in electro-optical systems development. He is author of over 40 publications, one textbook, and holds five patents in the field. He has worked on a variety of projects spanning laser radar, passive infrared sensors, microwave radar, missile guidance, signal and image processing, pattern recognition, superconducting electronics, and most recently laser communications. He teaches a course in electro-optical systems in the Whiting School of Engineering Part-Time Programs in Engineering and Applied Science, and is currently working on a textbook in electro-optical systems.
What You Will Learn

The basic components of optical communications architectures. How do each of these components work? What critical system functions are required for freespace optical communications? What are the functional requirements for spacecraft-based optical communications terminals? What are the technologies appropriate for each function? What are the key measures of performance? How do you estimate system performance?
Vol. 71 33
Wireless Communications & Spread Spectrum Design

Summary
This three-day course is designed for wireless communication engineers involved with spread spectrum systems, and managers who wish to enhance their understanding of the wireless techniques that are being used in all types of communication systems and products. It provides an overall look at many types and advantages of spread spectrum systems that are designed in wireless systems today. This course covers an intuitive approach that provides a real feel for the technology, with applications that apply to both the government and commercial sectors.
March 31-April 2, 2004

8:30am - 4:00pm
Washington DC/MD
$1290
Course Outline
1. Transceiver Design. dB power, link budgets, system design tradeoffs, gains/losses, Signal-to-Noise, Probability of Error, Bit Error Rate, Eb/No, link margin, tracking noise and signal level through a complete system, effects and advantages of using spread spectrum techniques. 2. Transmitter Design. Various types and system designs of spread spectrum transmitters, PSK, MSK, QAM, OFDM, Other, PseudoRandom code generator, multiple access TDMA/CDMA/FDMA, antenna sizing, transmit/receive, local oscillator, upconverters, sideband elimination, power amplifiers, standing wave ratios. 3. Receiver Design. Dynamic range, image rejection, limiters, minimum discernable signal, superheterodyne receivers, importance of low noise amplifiers, 3rd order intercept point for intermodulation products, two tone dynamic range, tangential sensitivity, phase noise, mixers, spurious signals, filters, A/D converters, aliasing and anti-aliasing filters, digital signal processors DSPs. 4. Automatic Gain Control Design & Phase Lock Loop Comparison. AGCs, linearizer, detector, loop filter, integrator, using control theory and feedback systems to analyze AGCs, PLL and AGC comparison. 5. Demodulation. Demodulation and despreading techniques for spread spectrum systems, pulsed matched filters, sliding correlators, pulse position modulation, CDMA, coherent demod, despreading, carrier recovery, squaring loops, Costas and modified Costas loops, symbol synch, eye pattern, inter-symbol interference, phase detection, Shannon' s limit. 6. Basic Probability and Pulse Theory. Simple approach to understanding Probability, Gaussian process, quantization error, probability of error, bit error rate, probability of detection vs probability of false alarm, error detection and correction, digital pulsed systems, pseudo-random codes for spread spectrum systems. 7. Multipath. Specular and diffuse reflections, Rayleigh criteria, earth curvature, pulse systems, vector and power analysis. 8. Improving the System Against Jammers. Burst jammers, digital filters, adaptive filters simulations and actual design results, quadrature method to eliminate unwanted sidebands, orthogonal methods to reduce jammers, types of intercept receivers. 9. Global Navigation Satellite Systems. Basic understand of the Global Positioning System GPS and the spread spectrum BPSK modulated signal from space, Satellite transmission, signal structure, GPS receiver, errors, narrow correlator, selective availability SA, carrier smoothed code, Differential DGPS, Relative GPS, widelane/narrowlane, carrier phase tracking KCPT, double difference. 10. DF & Interferometer Analysis. Positioning and direction finding using a simpified interferometer analysis, direction cosines, basic interferometer equation, three dimensional approach, antenna position matrix, coordinate conversion for moving baseline.
Instructor
Scott R. Bullock, P.E., MSEE, specializes in Wirelss Communications including Spread Spectrum Systems and Broadband Communication Systems for both government and commercial. He holds numerous patents in communications and published several articles in various trade magazines. He was active in establishing the data link standard for GPS SCAT-I landing systems and developed spread spectrum landing systems for the government. He is the author of two books, Transceiver and System Design for Digital Communications & Broadband Communications and Home Networking , Noble Publishing. He has published numerous technical articles, an adjunct professor at ITT and a guest lecturer for Polytechnic University on Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum and Multiple Access Technologies .
What You Will Learn

How to perform link budgets for types of spread spectrum communications? How to evaluate different types of wireless communication transceivers? What methods are used for spread spectrum modems, multiple access, OFDM, error detection/correction for digital communication systems? What is multipath and how to reduce multipath and jammers? What is a Global Positioning System? How to solve a 3 dimension Direction Finding system using interferometry?
From this course you will obtain the knowledge and ability to evaluate and develop the system design for wireless communication digital transceivers including spread spectrum systems.
34 Vol. 71
Advanced Topics in Digital Signal Processing

An Examination of DSP in Modern Fourth Generation Modems
June 21-24, 2004

8:30am - 4:30pm
Washington DC/MD
Summary
This four-day course is designed for communication systems engineers, programmers, implementers and managers who need to understand current practice and next generation DSP techniques for upcoming communication systems. DSP is more than mapping legacy analog designs to a DSP implementation. To avoid compromise solution appropriate for an earlier time period, we return to first principles to learn how to apply new technology capabilities to the design of next generation communication systems.
$1495
Course Outline
1. Introduction. An examination of Past, Present, and Future Digital Modulation Systems. 2. Digital Filters. FIR Filters, Resampling Filters, Interpolators and Decimators, Half Band Filters, Cascade-Integrator-comb (CIC) filters, Hogenauer Filters, Multirate IIR filters. 3. Channelizers. Modulation and Demodulation. Design Techniques. Workload Comparisons. 4. Filter Design Techniques. Window Designs and Performance considerations. Equiripple Designs. System Considerations. Options to Improve System Performance. Finite ArithmeticWindow Designs and Performance considerations. Equiripple Designs. System Considerations. Options to Improve System Performance. Finite Arithmetic. 5. Digital Baseband Transmission. The Nyquist Filter, Excess Bandwidth, Matched Filters, Square-Root Nyquist Filter, Shaping and Up-Sampling Filters. 6. Pre-and Post-Signal Conditioning. Analog Filters, Timing Jitter, Direct Digital Synthesizers, CORDIC processors, Digital Oscillators, Interpolating and Decimating Filters in A-to-D and D-to-A, AGC, DC Canceling, I-Q Balancing. 7. Sigma-Delta Converters. A-to-D, D-to-A, D-to-D. Multi-loop Converters, Wide-Band Converters. System Considerations. 8. Carrier Centered Modulation and Demodulation. Shaping and Interpolation, QPSK, QAM, Digital IF Options, OFDM, Legacy Analog modulation and Demodulation in DSP. FM Modulation and demodulation. 9. Synchronization. The Phase Locked Loop, Proportional plus Integral Loops, Phase Recovery, Band Edge Filters in Frequency Recovery, Timing Recovery, Polyphase Filters in Timing Recovery. 10. Adaptive Filters. LMS Algorithm, RLS Algorithm, Lattice Filters, Linear Equalization, Adaptive Equalization, Decision Feedback Equalizers, Constant Modulus (Blind) Equalizers. 11. Modem Structures. Wireline, Cable, Satellite, and Terrestrial modems and considerations. Vol. 71 35
Instructor
Dr. fred harris teaches at San Diego State University where he occupies the CUBIC Signal Processing Chair. His teaching and research areas include Digital Signal Processing, Multirate Signal Processing, Communication Systems, Source Coding and Modem Design. He has extensive practical experience in communication systems, high performance modems, sonar and advanced radar systems and high performance laboratory instrumentation. He holds a number of patents on Multirate Signal Processing for Satellite and Cable Modems and lectures throughout the world on DSP applications. He consults for organizations requiring high performance, costeffective DSP solutions and has contributed to a number of textbooks and handbooks on various aspects of signal processing.
What You Will Learn

How to size and design filters for a specified processing task Effects of Finite Arithmetic on Different Filter Architectures Understand Multi-rate Signal processing for Sample Rate Changes Understand Multi-rate Signal processing for Intentional Aliasing DSP Based Signal Enhancement and Signal Conditioning DSP Based Synchronization Techniques Limitations and Boundaries of DSP Based Solutions
Applications-Oriented Kalman Filtering

Summary
This applications-oriented course provides a comprehensive overview of the Kalman filter. The course begins with a brief review of probability, stochastic processes, dynamics and modeling of systems. This is followed with an in-depth discussion of estimation theory and methods, concluding with the derivation of the Kalman filter algorithm. The remainder of the course focuses on the practical use of the Kalman filter. Methods of implementing the Kalman filter algorithms are discussed, including initialization and convergence. Applications of the Kalman filter are presented in several areas including: target tracking, orbit determination, navigation and the Global Positioning System (GPS). Participants will receive a complete set of notes.
February 23-25, 2004

8:30am - 4:00pm
Arlington, Virginia
Quality Hotel & Suites 703.524.4000 $1495
Course Outline
1. Fundamentals. A review of probability, statistics, stochastic and random processes. The basics of matrix manipulation and linear system theory. Discussions of covariances, correlation, and Gaussian distribution. 2. Dynamics and Modeling. Formulation of process and measurement models. Forming the state-space representation from differential dynamic equations. Structure of linear and nonlinear models, including time variant and time invariant cases. 3. Estimation Theory. Definition of filtering, prediction and smoothing. Derivation of a linear, unbiased, minimum variance, optimal estimator. Least-squares, weighted-least-squares, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian estimation algorithms. Handling of a priori information, development of recursive estimation approaches. 4. Derivation of the Kalman Filter. Step-by-step derivation of the Kalman filter algorithm. Discrete and continuous versions. Various alternate forms of the Kalman filter and suggestions for when to use which Kalman filter form. 5. Implementation Issues Using the Kalman Filter Algorithms. Initialization and convergence criteria. Modeling errors and concerns, process and measurement noise issues. Various integration algorithms and techniques. Square-root filter algorithm and fading memory method. Linearization of nonlinear systems. 6. Advanced Topics Current Literature and Software Packages. Adaptive Kalman filtering, identification methods. Using Kalman filtering for process control. Recent developments in Kalman filtering and applications. 7. Target Tracking. An overview of the basics of target tracking are presented, followed by the formulation of two kinematic tracking process models. Applications of target tracking for missile guidance and radar target tracking are discussed. The Hyperbolic In-Air Tracking System (HITS) is discussed, emphasizing the tracking algorithms, real-time code, and accuracy. 8. Orbit Determination. A discussion of the dynamics involved for spacecraft orbit is followed by the development of a process model for orbit determination. A range/range-rate measurement model is derived, and examples using both batch and recursive methods are presented. The dynamic model for spacecraft orbit is developed, and a lab exercise conducted. 9. GPS and Inertial Navigation. An overview of the Global Positioning System (GPS) is presented, followed by a discussion on inertial navigation systems. Integrated INS/GPS models for aircraft and smart munitions are developed, including the design of a reduced-order flight filter.
What You Will Learn

Derivation of the Kalman filter algorithms. When to use batch and recursive estimation. Kalman filter implementation and diagnostics. Applications to target tracking, orbit determination navigation, and GPS. Current literature sources and software packages.
Instructor
Dr. C. Allen Butler is a recognized expert in the field of Multi-Sensor Correlation, Kalman Filtering and MultiTarget Tracking, with over 15 years experience in both theoretical and engineering development of correlation and tracking systems. As a senior associate with D. H. Wagner Associates, he has worked on the development of several Navy, Air Force, and Army tracking and fusion systems. He recently developed and implemented new algorithms for the Composite Combat Identification (CCID) program under the Navy's Missile Defense FNC. Dr. Donald A. Kelly received his Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from Colorado State University and MSEE from the University of Colorado. Dr. Kelly has more than 17 years experience in engineering, specializing in estimation and navigation. He is an expert in estimation and Kalman filtering with applications to orbit determination, multi-target tracking and real-time systems, and navigation/GPS. Dr. Kelly is principal of AdvanTech, which specializes in navigation/GPS, systems engineering, and software engineering. Most recently, he has supported the Navy in developing real-time Kalman trackers, and supported the Air Force in systems engineering and analysis for air-to-air and air-to-surface weapon systems. Previously he was involved in spacecraft attitude and orbit determination.
36 Vol. 71
MATLAB Introduction & Applications

April 21-23, 2004 Washington DC/MD May 17-19, 2004 Middletown, Rhode Island
Courtyard by Marriott 401.849.8000 $1395 (8:30am - 4:00pm)
Summary
This three-day course is designed for engineers and physical scientists who want to develop a working knowledge of MATLAB to solve classes of problems in engineering and science. The course will teach you to create readable, compact and easy-to-debug MATLAB programs, and will emphasize the graphical display of results. The applications will be tailored to the interests of the attendees.
Course Outline
1. Introduction to MATLAB: Basic MATLAB syntax; MATLAB and matrices and vectors; mathematical operation with matrices; dot operations; strings (literals); input/output. Working with matrices. Data manipulation. 2. Program flow control: Control of program flow - while loop, if statements, for loop, switch statements. File I/O. 3. Introduction to functions: The function file; creating functions.. 4. Some frequently used MATLAB functions: Zeros of functions, numerical integration, local minimum of a function. 5. Other examples of MATLAB functions: fitting data with polynomials, interpolation of data. 6. Graphic Visualization. Controlling the display. Handling graphics. 7. Selected applications chosen from students interest areas including signal processing, data compression, image processing, and video processing. 8. Graphic User Interface Development. Creating menus, pushbuttons, scroll bars, radio buttons, and callbacks. The MATLAB GUI Development Tool (GUIDE) will also be covered. 9. MATLAB Optimization and Extension. Interfacing with external programs. Calling C Routines. Create standalone MATLAB programs with the MATLAB compiler.
Instructor
Dr. Nicholas Beser received a Ph.D. in 1983 in systems engineering and computer science from the University of Pennsylvania. Dr. Beser has worked at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory for over 12 years. Currently, he is the lead researcher on several Video Exploitation IR&D projects developing video mosaic, super-resolution, and automated scene change detection methods. In addition, he has supplied video exploitation services to both Howard County Police and Baltimore City Police in the analysis and enhancement of crime video tapes. Dr. Beser is also lead researcher on several video compression projects and is the JHU/APL representative to the International Standards Organization Moving Pictures Experts Group (MPEG) Panel. He has authored many papers on data compression standards, history of space data compression, and data compression quality measures. In his role as lecturer at the Johns Hopkins University, Dr. Beser teaches a data and image compression class at the graduate level. In addition, he also has extensive work experience in the area of high-speed signal and data processing covering both design and software.
Upon completion of the course you will be able to rapidly convert a physical model into an approximate mathematical model to predict the response of elements, devices, and systems.
What You Will Learn

To take advantage of MATLABs matrix-based instruction set. Use MATLAB to formulate vectorized solutions for computation based problems. To generate fully annotated 2D and 3D graphs. Use MATLAB to read/write and manipulate variety of data formats. To solve optimization problems. To apply MATLAB to obtain solutions to problems in your area of interest.
Vol. 71 37
Multi-Sensor Data Fusion and Kalman Filtering

Technology Update and Review
Summary
In recent years, tremendous strides have been made in the improvement of existing, and the development of new, more powerful, sensor systems. The result is a tidal wave of data which threatens to overwhelm, rather than assist, todays warfighter. The process of automatically filtering, aggregrating and extracting the desired information from multiple sensors and sources is an emerging technology, commonly referred to as Data Fusion. The objective of this course is to introduce engineers, scientists, managers, and military operations personnel to the field of data fusion and to the key technologies which are available today for application to this field. The course is designed to be rigorous where appropriate, while remaining accessible to students without a specific scientific background in this field. This course will identify and characterize the principal components of typical data fusion systems. A variety of techniques for addressing different aspects of the data fusion problem will be described. For example, different techniques are required for the assimilation of time-late data than those used for real-time data. Real world examples of data fusion systems used by both the Navy and the Air Force will be presented and discussed. This course will also use specific illustrative examples to show the tradeoffs and systems issues between application of different techniques. Specific examples to be discussed include correlation of radar data from multiple platforms and correlation of off-board bearings-only type data, such as sonar detections from a LAMPS Mk III/ MH-60R helicopter, with on-board detections.
March 23-26, 2004

8:30am - 4:00pm
Washington DC/MD
$1495
What You Will Learn

Classical Kalman Filtering Techniques and their role in the Data Fusion Architecture Multiple Hypothesis Tracking and Correlation: Advantages and Limitations Contact-to-Track and Track-to-Track Architectures: Advantages and Disadvantages Non-Gaussian Data Fusion Methods - Monte Carlo Tracking Sensor Characteristics - Impact on Algorithm Selection Identification/Classification Technologies: Expert Systems, Neural Networks, Fuzzy Logic, Bayesian Networks. Real World Data Fusion Systems and Implementation Issues
Course Outline
1. Introduction and Overview. Background and Course Outline, The Need for Data Fusion. 2. Single-Target Single-Sensor Tracking. State Estimation and Kalman Filtering. Alpha-Beta Filtering. Bearings-Only Tracking. 3. Multiple-Target Single-Sensor Tracking. Data Association Problem/Joint Probability. Data Association Multiple Hypothesis Tracking. MATCH - A Real World Example. 4. Multiple-Target Multiple-Sensor Tracking. Fusion Architectures - Centralized vs. Distributed, Fusion Architectures - Contact-to-track and Track-to-track, Data Registration (Gridlock). Covariance Intersection Method. 5. Non-Gaussian Tracking. Markov Methods, Monte Carlo Tracking, Particle filters, Global Correlation Engine - Example 2. 6. Sensor Modeling. ESM Sensors, Acoustic Sensors, Image Sensors, Sensor Anomalies. 7. Information Fusion. Identification/Classification, Bayesian Inference, Dempster Shafer (Evidential Reasoning), Rule-Based and Expert Systems, Neural Networks, Fuzzy Logic, Bayesian Networks. 8. System Evaluation. Kinematic Performance, Correlation Scoring, Identity and Classification Performance, Real-Time Requirements, Scalability.
Instructor
Dr. C. Allen Butler is a recognized expert in the field of Multi-Sensor Correlation and Multi-Target Tracking, with over 15 years experience in both theoretical and engineering development of correlation and tracking systems. As a senior associate with D.H. Wagner Associates, he has worked on the development of several advanced Navy, Air Force, and Army data fusion systems. Navy systems include (1) the Global Correlation Engine (GCE), a multiple hypothesis/non-Gaussian data fusion system enhanced for use in the MH-60R Decision Support System (DSS), (2) the Navys Enhanced Radar Distribution and Display System (RADDS). and (3) the Multiple Sensor Statistical Likelihood Estimator (MUSSLE), which was designed to replace the data fusion system onboard the E-3 AWACS. He recently developed and implemented new algorithms for the Composite Combat Identification (CCID) program under the Navys Missile Defense FNC. Dr. Butler recently served on the Navys Multi-Sensor Integration System Engineering Team, and participated in a congressional mandated study of MTI/IMINT fusion.
38 Vol. 71
Practical Statistical Signal Processing Using MATLAB

with Radar, Sonar, Communications, Speech & Imaging Applications
Summary
This 4-day course covers signal processing systems for radar, sonar, communications, speech, imaging and other applications based on state-of-the-art computer algorithms. These algorithms include important tasks such as data simulation, parameter estimation, filtering, interpolation, detection, spectral analysis, beamforming, classification, and tracking. Until now these algorithms could only be learned by reading the latest technical journals. This course will take the mystery out of these designs by introducing the algorithms with a minimum of mathematics and illustrating the key ideas via numerous examples using MATLAB. Designed for engineers, scientists, and other professionals who wish to study the practice of statistical signal processing without the headaches, this course will make extensive use of hands-on MATLAB implementations and demonstrations. Attendees will receive a suite of software source code and are encouraged to bring their own laptops to follow along with the demonstrations. Each participant will receive two books Fundamentals of Statistical Signal Processing: Vol. I and Vol. 2 by instructor Dr. Kay. A complete set of notes and a suite of MATLAB m-files will be distributed in source format for direct use or modification by the user.
March 15-18, 2004 Washington DC/MD June 7-10, 2004 Middletown, Rhode Island
$1695
8:30am - 4:00pm
Course Outline
1. MATLAB Basics. M-files, logical flow, graphing, debugging, special characters, array manipulation, vectorizing computations, useful toolboxes. 2. Computer Data Generation. Signals, Gaussian noise, nonGaussian noise, colored and white noise, AR/ARMA time series, real vs. complex data, linear models, complex envelopes and demodulation. 3. Parameter Estimation. Maximum likelihood, best linear unbiased, linear and nonlinear least squares, recursive and sequential least squares, minimum mean square error, maximum a posteriori, general linear model, performance evaluation via Taylor series and computer simulation methods. 4. Filtering/Interpolation/Extrapolation. Wiener, linear Kalman approaches, time series methods. 5. Detection. Matched filters, generalized matched filters, estimatorcorrelators, energy detectors, detection of abrupt changes, min probability of error receivers, communication receivers, nonGaussian approaches, likelihood and generalized likelihood detectors, receiver operating characteristics, CFAR receivers, performance evaluation by computer simulation. 6. Spectral Analysis. Periodogram, Blackman-Tukey, autoregressive and other high resolution methods, eigenanalysis methods for sinusoids in noise. 7. Array Processing. Beamforming, narrowband vs. wideband considerations, space-time processing, interference suppression. 8. Signal Processing Systems. Image processing, active sonar receiver, passive sonar receiver, adaptive noise canceler, time difference of arrival localization, channel identification and tracking, adaptive beamforming, data analysis. 9. Case Studies. Fault detection in bearings, acoustic imaging, active sonar detection, passive sonar detection, infrared surveillance, radar Doppler estimation, speaker separation, stock market data analysis.
Dr. Kay is a phenomenal instructor!

Instructor
Dr. Steven Kay is a Professor of Electrical Engineering at the University of Rhode Island and the President of Signal Processing Systems, a consulting firm to industry and the government. He has over 25 years of research and development experience in designing optimal statistical signal processing algorithms for radar, sonar, speech, image, communications, vibration, and financial data analysis. Much of his work has been published in over 100 technical papers and the three textbooks, Modern Spectral Estimation: Theory and Application, Fundamentals of Statistical Signal Processing: Estimation Theory, and Fundamentals of Statistical Signal Processing: Detection Theory. Dr. Kay is a Fellow of the IEEE.
What You Will Learn

To translate system requirements into algorithms that work. To simulate and assess performance of key algorithms. To tradeoff algorithm performance for computational complexity. The limitations to signal processing performance. To recognize and avoid common pitfalls and traps in algorithmic development. To generalize and solve practical problems using the provided suite of MATLAB code.
Vol. 71 39
Total Systems Engineering Development & Management

December 9-11, 2003
8:30 am - 4:30 pm Summary
The three-day course covers four system development fundamentals: (1) a sound engineering management infrastructure within which work may be efficiently accomplished, (2) define the problem to be solved (requirements and specifications), (3) solve the problem (design, integration, and optimization), and (4) prove that the design solves the defined problem (verification). Proven, practical techniques are presented for the key tasks in the development of sound solutions for extremely difficult customer needs.
Washington DC/MD April 20-22, 2004

8:30 am - 4:30 pm
Houston, Texas
$1290
Instructor
Jeffrey O. Grady is the president of JOG System Engineering, Inc., a system engineering consulting and training company. He has 30 years of industry experience in aerospace companies as a system engineer, engineering manager, field engineer, and project engineer. Jeff has authored five recently published books in the system engineering field and holds a Master of Science in System Management from USC. He teaches system engineering courses nationwide at universities as well as commercially around the country. Jeff is an INCOSE Fellow and Founder
WHAT STUDENTS SAY: "This course tied the whole development cycle together for me." "I had mastered some of the details before this course, but did not understand how the pieces fit together. Now I do!" "I really appreciated the practical methods to accomplish this important work."
Course Outline System Management. Introduction to System Engineering, Development Process Overview, Enterprise Engineering, Program Design, Risk, Configuration Management/Data Management, System Engineering Maturity. System Requirements. Introduction and Development Environments, Requirements Elicitation and Mission Analysis, System and Hardware Structured Analysis, Performance Requirements Analysis, Product Architecture Synthesis and Interface Development, Constraints Analysis, Computer Software Structured Analysis, Requirements Management Topics. System Synthesis. Introduction, Design, Product Sources, Interface Development, Integration, Risk, Design Reviews. System Verification. Introduction to Verification, Item Qualification Requirements Identification, Item Qualification Planning and Documentation, Item Qualification Verification Reporting, Item Qualification Implementation, Management, and Audit, Item Acceptance Overview, System Test and Evaluation Overview, Process Verification.
What You Will Learn

How to identify and organize all of the work an enterprise must perform on programs, plan a project, map enterprise work capabilities to the plan, and quality audit work performance against the plan. How to accomplish structured analysis using one of several structured analysis models yielding every kind of requirement appropriate for every kind of specification coordinated with specification templates. An appreciation for design development through original design, COTS, procured items, and selection of parts, materials, and processes. How to develop interfaces under associate contracting relationships using ICWG/TIM meetings and Interface Control Documents. How to define verification requirements, map and organize them into verification tasks, plan and proceduralize the verification tasks, capture the verification evidence, and audit the evidence for compliance. 40 Vol. 71
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Vibration & Shock Measurement and Testing

for Land, Sea, Air, Space Vehicles & Electronics Manufacture
Summary
This three-day course is primarily designed for test personnel who conduct, supervise or "contract out" vibration and shock tests. It also benefits design, quality and reliability specialists who interface with vibration and shock test activities.
November 19-21, 2003 Los Angeles, California February 24-26, 2004 San Jose, California March 9-11, 2004 Huntsville, Alabama April 13-15, 2004 Washington DC/MD
Course Outline
1. Minimal math review of basics of vibration, commencing with uniaxial and torsional SDoF systems. Resonance. Vibration control. 2. Instrumentation. How to select and correctly use displacement, velocity and especially acceleration and force sensors and microphones. Minimizing mechanical and electrical errors. Sensor and system dynamic calibration. 3. Extension of SDoF to understand multi-resonant continuous systems encountered in land, sea, air and space vehicle structures and cargo, as well as in electronic products. 4. Types of shakers. Tradeoffs between mechanical, electrohydraulic (servohydraulic), electrodynamic (electromagnetic) and piezoelectric shakers and systems. Limitations. Diagnostics. 5. Sinusoidal one-frequency-at-a-time vibration testing. Interpreting sine test standards. Conducting tests. 6. Random Vibration Testing. Broad-spectrum all-frequencies-at-once vibration testing. Interpreting random vibration test standards. 7. Simultaneous multi-axis testing gradually replacing practice of reorienting device under test (DUT) on single-axis shakers. 8. Environmental stress screening (ESS) of electronics production. Extensions to highly accelerated stress screening (HASS) and to highly accelerated life testing (HALT). 9. Assisting designers to improve their designs by (a) substituting materials of greater damping or (b) adding damping or (c) avoiding "stacking" of resonances. 10. Understanding automotive buzz, squeak and rattle (BSR). Assisting designers to solve BSR problems. Conducting BSR tests. 11. Intense noise (acoustic) testing of launch vehicles and spacecraft. 12. Shock testing. Transportation testing. Pyroshock testing. Misuse of classical shock pulses on shock test machines and on shakers. More realistic oscillatory shock testing on shakers. 13. Shock response spectrum (SRS) for understanding effects of shock on hardware. Use of SRS in evaluating shock test methods, in specifying and in conducting shock tests. 14. Attaching DUT via vibration and shock test fixtures. Large DUTs may require head expanders and/or slip plates. 15. Modal testing. Assisting designers.
$1895 (8:00am - 4:00pm) What You Will Learn

How to plan, conduct and evaluate vibration and shock tests and screens. How to attack vibration and noise problems. How to make vibration isolation, damping and absorbers work for vibration and noise control. How noise is generated and radiated, and how it can be reduced.
From this course you will gain the ability to understand and communicate meaningfully with test personnel, perform basic engineering calculations, and evaluate tradeoffs between test equipment and procedures.
Instructor
Wayne Tustin has, since 1995, been president of Equipment Reliability Institute (ERI), a specialized engineering school and consultancy he founded in Santa Barbara, CA. His BSEE degree is from the University of Washington, Seattle. He is a licensed Professional Engineer - Quality in the State of California. Wayne's first encounter with vibration was at Boeing/Seattle, performing what later came to be called modal tests, on the XB-52 prototype of that highly reliable platform. Subsequently he headed field service and technical training for a manufacturer of electrodynamic shakers, before establishing another specialized school on which he left his name. Wayne has written several books and hundreds of articles dealing with practical aspects of vibration and shock measurement and testing.
Vol. 71 41
Training Using PC Simulation of Human Interactions

Benefits of Human Simulations
Teaching any new skill requires practice. For example, students cannot be expected to work complex algebra problems without first working a series of skill-building exercises. Practice is also essential when learning new behavioral skills; old habits must be broken and the fears associated with new behaviors must be overcome. Telling trainees what to do is not sufficient. High quality human simulations allow students to practice new interpersonal skills, thereby gaining experience while developing new behavior-changing abilities without the fear of embarrassment.
Some Possible Applications

Coaching. Performance review interviews. Leadership. Diversity. Conflict resolution. Recruiting interview. Risk assessment. Working with other cultures. Effective supervision. Change management. Risk communication. Motivating employees. EEO/Sexual harassment.
Effectiveness of Human Simulations

The most effective learning is achieved through realistic experience. Students are quickly drawn into the PC simulations, experiencing a complete immersion. Streaming video is used to present a lifelike character with realistic emotions; a simulated brain remembers the topics discussed and the conversation history. While questions and statements are scripted, the availability of as many as 1,000 allows for a nearly free-form interaction. Customized scripts provide a wide range of choices including statements people want to make as well as statements they should make. The students questions and statements affect the emotional state of the simulated character which in turn affects how they respond to the student. Questions and statements are displayed by topic and are easily accessible by voice activation or mouse click.
The Technology
This simulation technology was developed by Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. The technology was first used to train FBI agents to detect deception during an extensive interview of a simulated subject. See http://www.fbi.gov/publications/leb/2000/apr00leb.pdf. Agents were taught to read subtle signs of deception using both verbal and non-verbal behavioral clues. Subsequent PC simulations have been developed for the FBI, DEA, Marine Corps, Customs Service, and Army.
Feedback
A help agent provides immediate visual approval or disapproval using gestures and verbal feedback on the last statement of the student or character by clicking the appropriate buttons. Quantitative evaluation scores are displayed so the student can identify both strengths and weaknesses. Saving and replaying the simulated discussion allows for analysis by the student or teacher.
Custom Simulations start as low as $250,000. Email ATI at ati@aticourses.com or call 888.501.2100 or 410.531.6034 for more information
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Spacecraft & Aerospace Engineering
Aerospace Power Systems Engineering Aerospace Simulations in C++ Attitude Determination & Control Composite Materials for Aerospace Applications Communications Via Satellite Cost Assessment for Aero & Military Systems Cost Estimation & Control of Flight Systems Digital Satellite Communications Systems GPS Solutions Ground System Design & Operation Hyperspectral & Multispectral Imaging Introduction To Space IP Networking Over Satellite Launch Vehicles & Orbital Mechanics Launch Vehicle Selection, Performance & Use Launch Vehicle Systems-Reusable Mobile Communication Satellites Payload Integration & Processing Reducing Space Launch Costs Remote Sensing Satellites Satellite Communication Systems Engineering Satellite Communication Intro Satellite Design & Technology Space-Based Laser Systems Space Environment Space Hardware Instrumentation Space Mission Operations Space Systems I / II Spacecraft Power Systems Spacecraft Structural Design Spacecraft Thermal Control
Sonar & Acoustic Engineering (cont.)

Applied Physical Oceanography AUV & ROV Technology Design & Use of Sonar Transducers Developments In Mine Warfare Hydrographic & Side-Scan Sonars Littoral Warfare Systems Mechanics of Underwater Noise Noise Control Engineering Practical Sonar Systems Engineering S.E.A. Design for Noise & Vibration Sonar Signal Processing Sonar Principles & ASW Analysis Structural Acoustics Submarines & Combat Systems Underwater Acoustic Systems Analysis Underwater Acoustic Mod & Sim Vibration & Noise Control Vibration & Shock MT
Radar/EW/Combat Systems
Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar Antenna Fundamentals Antenna Systems & Design Combat Systems Engineering C4ISR Electronic Warfare Overview EMI Compatibility Grounding & Shielding Intro Imaging Radar Technology Implementing IP V6 Laser Communications Microwave & RF Circuit & Component Modeling Microwave & RF Circuit Design & Analysis Missile Autopilots Modern Missile Analysis Modern Radar Technology Multiple Sensor Data Fusion Practical EMI Fixes Propagation Effects for Radar & Comm Radar Signal Processing. Radar System Design & Engineering Synthetic Aperture Radar
Signal & Information Processing

Adaptive Beamforming/Adaptive Processing Advanced Project Management Applications-Oriented Kalman Filtering Applied Measurement Engineering Digital Signal Processing Fuzzy Logic & Applications Intoduction To Control Systems Mathematical & Physical Wavelets Modern Spectral Analysis Modern Statistical Data Analysis Neural & Evolutionary Computation Organizing & Presenting Data Effectively Practical Signal Processing Using MATLAB Probability, Estimation & Detection TechData Warrior Understanding ATM Technology What Everyone Should Know About Statistics
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Sonar & Acoustic Engineering

Active Noise Control Advanced Undersea Warfare
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ATICOURSES APPLIED TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE

Valid through June 2004 Volume 71

Applied Technology Institute

Communications & Networking

Engineering & Data Analysis

Advanced Undersea Warfare

February 9-12, 2004

Middletown, Rhode Island March 8-11, 2004

What You Will Learn

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Developments in Mine Warfare

March 8-11, 2004

Panama City, Florida May 3-6, 2004

Middletown, Rhode Island

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Mechanics of Underwater Noise

June 22-24, 2004

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Practical Sonar Systems Engineering

Middletown, Rhode Island

What You Will Learn

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Sonar Principles & ASW Analysis

Middletown, Rhode Island

June 7-10, 2004

What You Will Learn

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April 20-22, 2004

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Submarines and Their Combat Systems

Middletown, Rhode Island

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Underwater Acoustic Modeling and Simulation

Middletown, Rhode Island

What You Will Learn

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Vibration and Noise Control

February 23-26, 2004

What You Will Learn

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C4ISR Requirements, Principles, and Systems

April 28-30, 2004

Part II: C4ISR Systems and Technology

11. 12. 13.

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Electronic Warfare Overview

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Fundamentals of Radar Technology

An engaging instructor with extensive knowledge! -Recent attendee

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Fundamentals of Rockets and Missiles

Who Should Attend

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Identification, Friend or Foe (IFF)

April 13-15, 2004

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Integrated Combat Systems

Middletown, Rhode Island

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Introduction to Electromagnetic Compatibility