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I.Civil Procedure A.Special Civil Actio ! "Rule #$%&'( '.I terpleader a.Defi itio
A person who has property in his possession or an obligation to render, wholly or partially without claiming any right therein, or an interest in which in whole or in part is not disputed by the claimants, comes to court and asks that the persons who consider themselves entitled to demand compliance with the obligation be required to litigate among themselves in order to determine finally who is entitled to the same.
." court resolves t!# claimant has remaining period to file answer or at least " days from notice of denial .$ claimants file answer within 1" days from receipt of summons .% opposing claimants may file a reply .& pre'trial .( court )determine*s+ their respective rights and ad,udicate their several claimsSectio '. When interpleader proper. * W+e ever co flicti , clai-! upo t+e !a-e !u).ect -atter are or -a/ )e -ade a,ai !t a per!o 0+o clai-! o i tere!t 0+atever i t+e !u).ect -atter1 or a i tere!t 0+ic+ i 0+ole or i part i! ot di!puted )/ t+e clai-a t!1 +e -a/ )ri , a actio a,ai !t t+e co flicti , clai-a t! to co-pel t+e- to i terplead a d liti,ate t+eir !everal clai-! a-o , t+e-!elve!. "'a1 R#2( .ote that the plaintiff need not wait for each defendant to make a formal demand. /t is enough that a claim may be made by such defendants. Sec. $. Order. * 3po t+e fili , of t+e co-plai t1 t+e court !+all i!!ue a order re4uiri , t+e co flicti , clai-a t! to i terplead 0it+ o e a ot+er. If t+e i tere!t! of .u!tice !o re4uire1 t+e court -a/ direct i !uc+ order t+at t+e !u).ect -atter )e paid or delivered to t+e court. "$a1 R#2( Sec. 2. Summons. * Su--o ! !+all )e !erved upo t+e co flicti , clai-a t!1 to,et+er 0it+ a cop/ of t+e co-plai t a d order. "21 R#2(
Special Civil Actions 2 .ote that the plaintiff does not furnish the defendant copies of his complaint. 0e need only file his complaint with the court. /t is the responsibility of the court to issue the summons and to serve a copy of the complaint. Sec. 5. Motion to dismiss. * Wit+i t+e ti-e for fili , a a !0er1 eac+ clai-a t -a/ file a -otio to di!-i!! o t+e ,rou d of i-propriet/ of t+e i terpleader actio or o ot+er appropriate ,rou d! !pecified i Rule '# *motion to dismiss+. T+e period to file t+e a !0er !+all )e tolled a d if t+e -otio i! de ied1 t+e -ova t -a/ file +i! a !0er 0it+i t+e re-ai i , period1 )ut 0+ic+ !+all ot )e le!! t+a five "6( da/! i a / eve t1 rec7o ed fro- otice of de ial. " ( 1he defendants must file their answer within the standard 1" days from receipt of the summons. Sec. 6. Answer and other pleadings. * Eac+ clai-a t !+all file +i! a !0er !etti , fort+ +i! clai- 0it+i fiftee "'6( da/! fro- !ervice of t+e !u--o ! upo +i-1 !ervi , a cop/ t+ereof upo eac+ of t+e ot+er co flicti , clai-a t! 0+o -a/ file t+eir repl/ t+ereto a! provided )/ t+e!e Rule!. If a / clai-a t fail! to plead 0it+i t+e ti-e +erei fi8ed1 t+e court -a/1 o -otio 1 declare +i- i default a d t+ereafter re der .ud,-e t )arri , +i- fro- a / clai- i re!pect to t+e !u).ect -atter. T+e partie! i a i terpleader actio -a/ file cou terclai-!1 cro!!%clai-!1 t+ird%part/ co-plai t! a d re!po !ive pleadi ,! t+ereto1 a! provided )/ t+e!e Rule!. "5a1 R#2( Sec. #. clai-a t! accorda ce re!pective Determination. * After t+e pleadi ,! of t+e co flicti , +ave )ee filed1 a d pre%trial +a! )ee co ducted i 0it+ t+e Rule!1 t+e court !+all proceed to deter-i e t+eir ri,+t! a d ad.udicate t+eir !everal clai-!. "6a1 R#2(
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Sec. &. Docket and other lawful fees, costs and litigation expenses as liens. * T+e doc7et a d ot+er la0ful fee! paid )/ t+e part/ 0+o filed a co-plai t u der t+i! Rule1 a! 0ell a! t+e co!t! a d liti,atio e8pe !e!1 !+all co !titute a lie or c+ar,e upo t+e !u).ect -atter of t+e actio 1 u le!! t+e court !+all order ot+er0i!e. "#a1 R#2(
Special Civil Actions 3 a / ot+er ,over -e tal re,ulatio -a/1 )efore )reac+ or violatio t+ereof1 )ri , a actio i t+e appropriate Re,io al Trial Court to deter-i e a / 4ue!tio of co !tructio or validit/ ari!i ,1 a d for a declaratio of +i! ri,+t! or dutie!1 t+ereu der. A actio for t+e refor-atio of a i !tru-e t1 to 4uiet title to real propert/ or re-ove cloud! t+erefro-1 or to co !olidate o0 er!+ip u der Article '#9& of t+e Civil Code1 -a/ )e )rou,+t u der t+i! Rule. "'a1 R#5(
Cf Article 1607 NCC: Art. 1607. In case of real property, the consolidation of ownership in the vendee by virtue of the failure of the vendor to co ply with the provisions of article 1616 shall not be recorded in the Registry of Property without a judicial order, after the vendor has been duly heard. Cf Article 1616 NCC: Art. 1616. !he vendor cannot avail hi self of the ri"ht of repurchase without returning to the vendee the price of the sale, and in addition: 1. !he expenses of the contract, and any other legitimate payments ade by reason of the sale# $. !he necessary and useful expenses ade on the thin" sold.
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.2 plaintiff5s rights are affected by a statute, e8ecutive order or regulation, ordinance, or any other governmental regulation .3 before breach or violation thereof .4 bring an action in the appropriate 916 ." purpose is .a to determine any question of construction or validity arising thereunder, and .b for a declaration of his rights or duties thereunder An action for declaratory relief may also be brought for the reformation of an instrument, to quiet title to real property or remove clouds therefrom, or to consolidate ownership. 1o register his title to real property bought with a right redemption, the buyer must file an action for declaratory relief. cf Art. 1$:% and 1$1$ .66
Art. 1$:%. /n case of real property, the consolidation of ownership in the vendee by virtue of the failure of the vendor to comply with the provisions of article 1$1$ shall not be recorded in the 9egistry of ;roperty without a ,udicial order, after the vendor has been duly heard. *n+ Art. 1$1$. 1he vendor cannot avail himself of the right of repurchase without returning to the vendee the price of the sale, and in addition3 *1+ 1he e8penses of the contract, and any other legitimate payments made by reason of the sale# *2+ 1he necessary and useful e8penses made on the thing sold. *1"1&+
of
oreover, the action should be predicated on the ff conditions3 1. there must be a ,usticiable controversy# 2. the controversy must be between persons whose interest are adverse# 3. the party seeking declaratory relief must have a legal interest in the controversy# and 4. the issue involved must be ripened for ,udicial determination. *1olentino vs. 7oard of Accountancy, (: ;hil., &3+.
Special Civil Actions 4 Sec. $. Parties. * All per!o ! 0+o +ave or clai- a / i tere!t 0+ic+ 0ould )e affected )/ t+e declaratio !+all )e -ade partie!: a d o declaratio !+all1 e8cept a! ot+er0i!e provided i t+e!e Rule!1 pre.udice t+e ri,+t! of per!o ! ot partie! to t+e actio . "$a1 R#5( Sec. 2. otice on Solicitor !eneral. * I a / actio 0+ic+ i volve! t+e validit/ of a !tatute1 e8ecutive order or re,ulatio 1 or a / ot+er ,over -e tal re,ulatio 1 t+e Solicitor ;e eral !+all )e otified )/ t+e part/ a!!aili , t+e !a-e a d !+all )e e titled to )e +eard upo !uc+ 4ue!tio . "2a1 R#5( Sec. 5. "ocal go#ernment ordinances. * I a / actio i volvi , t+e validit/ of a local ,over -e t ordi a ce1 t+e corre!po di , pro!ecutor or attor e/ of t+e local ,over -e tal u it i volved !+all )e !i-ilarl/ otified a d e titled to )e +eard. If !uc+ ordi a ce i! alle,ed to )e u co !titutio al1 t+e Solicitor ;e eral !+all al!o )e otified a d e titled to )e +eard. "5a1 R#5( Sec. 6. $ourt action discretionary. * E8cept i actio ! falli , u der t+e !eco d para,rap+ of !ectio ' of t+i! Rule1 t+e court1 -otu proprio or upo -otio 1 -a/ refu!e to e8erci!e t+e po0er to declare ri,+t! a d to co !true i !tru-e t! i a / ca!e 0+ere a deci!io 0ould ot ter-i ate t+e u certai t/ or co trover!/ 0+ic+ ,ave ri!e to t+e actio 1 or i a / ca!e 0+ere t+e declaratio or co !tructio i! ot ece!!ar/ a d proper u der t+e circu-!ta ce!. "6a1 R#5(
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Special Civil Actions 5 the case was filed+. 2inally, an action for declaratory relief must also be brought by a real party in interest. Note3 0ad the case been filed before the ta8es became due, the action would have been converted into an ordinary civil action.
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2.Revie0 of <ud,-e t! a d =i al Order! or Re!olutio ! of t+e Co--i!!io o Electio ! a d t+e Co--i!!io o Audit "Rule #5(
Sectio '. Scope. * T+i! Rule !+all ,over t+e revie0 of .ud,-e t! a d fi al order! or re!olutio ! of t+e Co--i!!io o Electio ! a d t+e Co--i!!io o Audit. " ( .ote that despite ?ec. %, Art. /@'A of the 1(&% 6onstitution,
?ection %. 888 Anless otherwise provided by this 6onstitution or by law, any decision, order, or ruling of each 6ommission may be brought to the ?upreme 6ourt on certiorari by the aggrieved party within thirty days from receipt of a copy thereof.
appeals from decisions of the 6ivil ?ervice 6ommission are now brought to the 6A by law *9A %(:2 which took effect on 2ebruary 1(("+ via petition for review under 9ule 43. Sec. $. Mode of re#iew. * A .ud,-e t or fi al order or re!olutio of t+e Co--i!!io o Electio ! a d t+e Co--i!!io o Audit -a/ )e )rou,+t )/ t+e a,,rieved part/ to t+e Supre-e Court o certiorari u der Rule #61 e8cept a! +erei after provided. " ( Sec. 2. %ime to file petition. * T+e petitio !+all )e filed 0it+i t+irt/ "29( da/! frootice of t+e .ud,-e t or fi al order or re!olutio !ou,+t to )e revie0ed. T+e fili , of a -otio for e0 trial or reco !ideratio of !aid .ud,-e t or fi al order or re!olutio 1 if allo0ed u der t+e procedural rule! of t+e Co--i!!io co cer ed1 !+all i terrupt t+e period +erei fi8ed. If t+e -otio i! de ied1 t+e a,,rieved part/ -a/ file t+e petitio 0it+i t+e re-ai i , period1 )ut 0+ic+ !+all ot )e le!! t+a five "6( da/! i a / eve t1 rec7o ed fro- otice of de ial. " ( .ote that petition for review from decisions of quasi',udicial agencies to the 6A should be within 1" days and does not stay the decision appealed. ;etition for review from decisions of the 916 decided in its appellate ,urisdiction filed to the 6A should be filed within 1" days and stays e8ecution, unless the case is under the rules of ?ummary ;rocedure.
Special Civil Actions 6 ?pecial civil actions of certiorari, prohibition, and mandamus, from 6omelec and 6oA should be filed within 3: days, and does not stay the decision appealed. >otto-li e3 !ecisions of quasi',udicial bodies are not stayed by appeal alone. !ecisions of regular courts are stayed on appeal *de Beon3 1hough in petition for review on certiorari to the ?6 via 9ule 4", there is no e8press provision on effect of appeal on e8ecution+. Note3 1he )not less than " days- provision for filing a pleading applies only to .1 filing an answer after a denial of a t! .2 filing an answer after denial or service of a bill of particulars .3 filing an special civil action for certiorari from a decision of the 6omelec or 6oA after denial of a f9 or .1 /t does not apply to filing appeal from decisions of other entities after denial of a f9 or .1. /n such cases, either the parties have a fresh 1" days, or the balance. Sec. 5. Docket and other lawful fees. * 3po t+e fili , of t+e petitio 1 t+e petitio er !+all pa/ to t+e cler7 of court t+e doc7et a d ot+er la0ful fee! a d depo!it t+e a-ou t of P699.99 for co!t!. " ( Sec. 6. &orm and contents of petition. * T+e petitio !+all )e verified a d filed i ei,+tee "'?( le,i)le copie!. T+e petitio !+all a-e t+e a,,rieved part/ a! petitio er a d !+all .oi a! re!po de t! t+e Co--i!!io co cer ed a d t+e per!o or per!o ! i tere!ted i !u!tai i , t+e .ud,-e t1 fi al order or re!olutio a 4uo. T+e petitio !+all !tate t+e fact! 0it+ certai t/1 pre!e t clearl/ t+e i!!ue! i volved1 !et fort+ t+e ,rou d! a d )rief ar,u-e t! relied upo for revie01 a d pra/ for .ud,-e t a ulli , or -odif/i , t+e 4ue!tio ed .ud,-e t1 fi al order or re!olutio . =i di ,! of fact of t+e Co--i!!io !upported )/ !u)!ta tial evide ce !+all )e fi al a d o %revie0a)le. T+e petitio !+all )e acco-pa ied )/ a clearl/ le,i)le duplicate ori,i al or certified true cop/ of t+e .ud,-e t1 fi al order or re!olutio !u).ect t+ereof1 to,et+er 0it+ certified true copie! of !uc+ -aterial portio ! of t+e record a! are referred to t+erei a d ot+er docu-e t! releva t a d perti e t t+ereto. T+e re4ui!ite u-)er of copie! of t+e petitio !+all co tai plai copie! of all docu-e t! attac+ed to t+e ori,i al cop/ of !aid petitio . T+e petitio !+all !tate t+e !pecific -aterial date! !+o0i , t+at it 0a! filed 0it+i t+e period fi8ed +erei 1 a d !+all co tai a !0or certificatio a,ai !t foru- !+oppi , a! provided i t+e t+ird para,rap+ of !ectio 21 Rule 5#. T+e petitio !+all furt+er )e acco-pa ied )/ proof of !ervice of a cop/ t+ereof o t+e Co--i!!io co cer ed a d o t+e adver!e part/1 a d of t+e ti-el/ pa/-e t of doc7et a d ot+er la0ful fee!. T+e failure of petitio er to co-pl/ 0it+ a / of t+e fore,oi , re4uire-e t! !+all )e !ufficie t ,rou d for t+e di!-i!!al of t+e petitio . " ( 4oing to the ?6, always 1& copies. 4oing to the 6A, always % copies. 1he petitioner must also file a certification against forum'shopping. Sec. #. Order to comment. * If t+e Supre-e Court fi d! t+e petitio !ufficie t i for- a d !u)!ta ce1 it !+all order t+e re!po de t! to file t+eir co--e t! o t+e petitio 0it+i te "'9( da/! fro- otice t+ereof: ot+er0i!e1 t+e Court -a/ di!-i!! t+e petitio outri,+t. T+e
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Special Civil Actions 7 Court -a/ al!o di!-i!! t+e petitio if it 0a! filed -a ife!tl/ for dela/1 or t+e 4ue!tio ! rai!ed are too u !u)!ta tial to 0arra t furt+er proceedi ,!. " ( Sec. &. $omments of respondents. * T+e co--e t! of t+e re!po de t! !+all )e filed i ei,+tee "'?( le,i)le copie!. T+e ori,i al !+all )e acco-pa ied )/ certified true copie! of !uc+ -aterial portio ! of t+e record a! are referred to t+erei to,et+er 0it+ ot+er !upporti , paper!. T+e re4ui!ite u-)er of copie! of t+e co--e t! !+all co tai plai copie! of all docu-e t! attac+ed to t+e ori,i al a d a cop/ t+ereof !+all )e !erved o t+e petitio er. No ot+er pleadi , -a/ )e filed )/ a / part/ u le!! re4uired or allo0ed )/ t+e Court. " ( Sec. ?. 'ffect of filing. * T+e fili , of a petitio for certiorari !+all ot !ta/ t+e e8ecutio of t+e .ud,-e t or fi al order or re!olutio !ou,+t to )e revie0ed1 u le!! t+e Supre-e Court !+all direct ot+er0i!e upo !uc+ ter-! a! it -a/ dee- .u!t. " ( Sec. @. Su(mission for decision. * 3 le!! t+e Court !et! t+e ca!e for oral ar,u-e t1 or re4uire! t+e partie! to !u)-it -e-ora da1 t+e ca!e !+all )e dee-ed !u)-itted for deci!io upo t+e fili , of t+e co--e t! o t+e petitio 1 or of !uc+ ot+er pleadi ,! or paper! a! -a/ )e re4uired or allo0ed1 or t+e e8piratio of t+e period to do !o. " (
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,rave a)u!e of di!cretio < e8ercised its power in an arbitrary or despotic manner by reason of passion or personal hostilities# so patent and gross as to amount to an evasion or virtual refusal to perform the duty en,oined or to act in contemplation of law
).Purpo!e! of a 0rit of
Certiorari < to correct errors of ,urisdiction# refers to only to ,udicial or quasi',udicial functions Pro+i)itio < to prevent respondent from usurping a ,urisdiction which it is not legally vested# refers to ,udicial, quasi',udicial, or ministerial functions Ma da-u! < to require or compel the respondent to perform a particular duty, which duty results from the official station of the respondent, or from operation of law# refers only to ministerial duties Auo Warra to ' a demand made by the state upon some individual or corporation to show by what right they e8ercise some franchise or privilege appertaining to the ?tate which according to the 6onstitution or the laws of the land, they can not legally e8ercise by virtue of a grant or authority from the ?tate
c.Di!ti ,ui!+
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Certiorari !irected against a person e8ercising to ,udicial or quasi' ,udicial functions Cb,ect is to correct ;urpose is to annul or modify the proceedings ;erson or entity must have acted without or in e8cess of ,urisdiction, or with grave abuse of discretion Pro+i)itio Always the main action
Special Civil Actions Pro+i)itio !irected against a person e8ercising ,udicial or quasi' ,udicial functions, or ministerial functions Cb,ect is to prevent ;urpose is to stop the proceedings ;erson or entity must have acted without or in e8cess of ,urisdiction, or with grave abuse of discretion Ma da-u!
!irected against a person e8ercising ministerial duties Cb,ect is to compel ;urpose is to compel performance of the act required and to collect damages ;erson must have neglected a ministerial duty or e8cluded another from a right or office
Pro#i*ition ( ) In.unction
I .u ctio ay be the main action or ,ust a provisional remedy !irected against a party !oes not involve a question of ,urisdiction
!irected against a court, a tribunal e8ercising ,udicial or quasi',udicial functions 4round must be the court acted without or in e8cess of ,urisdiction
Pro#i*ition ( ) 'anda-u
Pro+i)itio 1o prevent an act by a respondent ay be directed against entities e8ercising ,udicial or quasi' ,udicial, or ministerial functions D8tends to discretionary functions Ma da-u! 1o compel an act desired ay be directed against ,udicial and non',udicial entities D8tends only to ministerial functions Auo 0arra to 6larifies who has legal title to the office, or franchise 9espondent usurps the office
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Special Civil Actions 9 of ,urisdiction or with grave abuse of discretion may be directed against an interlocutory order of the court or where no appeal or plain or speedy remedy available in the ordinary course of law
involves review of ,udgments, awards, or final orders *e8ception3 may be directed against an interlocutory order when such order is patently illegal. ;p v 9amos &3 ?69A 1+ filed within 1" days from notice of the ,udgment or final order or resolution appealed from, or of the denial of the petitioner5s .1 or f9# the ?6 may for ,ustifiable reasons grant an e8tension of 3: days stays e8ecution of the ,udgment, award or order appealed from lower courts or ,udges thereof are not impleaded
D8ecution is not stayed unless a 19C or a writ of ;/ has been issued the lower court or ,udge is impleaded as a public respondent f9 is a condition precedent, sub,ect to e8ceptions to wit3
;rior
f9 not required
.1 case involves atters of e%tre e ur"ency# .$ order or &ud" ent co plained of is a patent nullity# .' when the (uestion has been properly raised, ar"ued and sub itted to respondent court and passed upon by it.
appellate ,urisdiction is invoked *power to review+ Note3 D8ension of 3: days may be granted for ,ustifiable reasons Note3 2iled only with the ?6 Note3 ?6 may deny the decision motu propio
applicable to regular courts, tribunals, and quasi',udicial bodies. original ,urisdiction is invoked# ?6 e8ercises its power of control and supervision over proceedings of the lower court *power of control+ Note3 D8tension of 1" days may be granted for compelling reasons Note3 ay be filed in all courts of general ,urisdiction
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Sectio '. Petition for certiorari. * W+e a / tri)u al1 )oard or officer e8erci!i , .udicial or 4ua!i%.udicial fu ctio ! +a! acted 0it+out or i e8ce!! of it! or +i! .uri!dictio 1 or 0it+ ,rave a)u!e of di!cretio a-ou ti , to lac7 or e8ce!! of .uri!dictio 1 a d t+ere i! o appeal1 or a / plai 1 !peed/1 a d ade4uate re-ed/ i t+e
Special Civil Actions 10 ordi ar/ cour!e of la01 a per!o a,,rieved t+ere)/ -a/ file a verified petitio i t+e proper court1 alle,i , t+e fact! 0it+ certai t/ a d pra/i , t+at .ud,-e t )e re dered a ulli , or -odif/i , t+e proceedi ,! of !uc+ tri)u al1 )oard or officer1 a d ,ra ti , !uc+ i cide tal relief! a! la0 a d .u!tice -a/ re4uire. T+e petitio !+all )e acco-pa ied )/ a certified true cop/ of t+e .ud,-e t1 order or re!olutio !u).ect t+ereof1 copie! of all pleadi ,! a d docu-e t! releva t a d perti e t t+ereto1 a d a !0or certificatio of o %foru- !+oppi , a! provided i t+e t+ird para,rap+ of !ectio 21 Rule 5#. "'a( Me-oriBeC .ote that certiorari is directed only against an entity exercising judicial or quasi-judicial functions. 1he result is proceedings are annulled or modified. Sec. $. Petition for prohi(ition. * W+e t+e proceedi ,! of a / tri)u al1 corporatio 1 )oard1 officer or per!o 1 0+et+er e8erci!i , .udicial1 4ua!i%.udicial or -i i!terial fu ctio !1 are 0it+out or i e8ce!! of it! or +i! .uri!dictio 1 or 0it+ ,rave a)u!e of di!cretio a-ou ti , to lac7 or e8ce!! of .uri!dictio 1 a d t+ere i! o appeal or a / ot+er plai 1 !peed/1 a d ade4uate re-ed/ i t+e ordi ar/ cour!e of la01 a per!o a,,rieved t+ere)/ -a/ file a verified petitio i t+e proper court1 alle,i , t+e fact! 0it+ certai t/ a d pra/i , t+at .ud,-e t )e re dered co--a di , t+e re!po de t to de!i!t fro- furt+er proceedi ,! i t+e actio or -atter !pecified t+erei 1 or ot+er0i!e ,ra ti , !uc+ i cide tal relief! a! la0 a d .u!tice -a/ re4uire. T+e petitio !+all li7e0i!e )e acco-pa ied )/ a certified true cop/ of t+e .ud,-e t1 order or re!olutio !u).ect t+ereof1 copie! of all pleadi ,! a d docu-e t! releva t a d perti e t t+ereto1 a d a !0or certificatio of o %foru- !+oppi , a! provided i t+e t+ird para,rap+ of !ectio 21 Rule 5#. "$a( Me-oriBeC .ote that pro+i)itio is directed against anybody. 1he result is the respondent is ordered to desist from further proceedings. Sec. 2. Petition for mandamus. * W+e a / tri)u al1 corporatio 1 )oard1 officer or per!o u la0full/ e,lect! t+e perfor-a ce of a act 0+ic+ t+e la0 !pecificall/ e .oi ! a! a dut/ re!ulti , fro- a office1 tru!t1 or !tatio 1 or u la0full/ e8clude! a ot+er fro- t+e u!e a d e .o/-e t of a ri,+t or office to 0+ic+ !uc+ ot+er i! e titled1 a d t+ere i! o ot+er plai 1 !peed/ a d ade4uate re-ed/ i t+e ordi ar/ cour!e of la01 t+e per!o a,,rieved t+ere)/ -a/ file a verified petitio i t+e proper court1 alle,i , t+e fact! 0it+ certai t/ a d pra/i , t+at .ud,-e t )e re dered co--a di , t+e re!po de t1 i--ediatel/ or at !o-e ot+er ti-e to )e !pecified )/ t+e court1 to do t+e act re4uired to )e do e to protect t+e ri,+t! of t+e petitio er1 a d to pa/ t+e da-a,e! !u!tai ed )/ t+e petitio er )/ rea!o of t+e 0ro ,ful act! of t+e re!po de t. T+e petitio !+all al!o co tai a !0or certificatio !+oppi , a! provided i t+e t+ird para,rap+ of !ectio "2a( Me-oriBeC .ote that -a da-u! is directed against entities exercising only ministerial functions. 1he result is the respondent is ordered to desist from further proceedings. of o %foru21 Rule 5#.
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Special Civil Actions 11 Sec 5. When and where petition filed. % T+e petitio !+all )e filed ot later t+a !i8t/ "#9( da/! fro- otice of t+e .ud,-e t1 order or re!olutio . I ca!e a -otio for reco !ideratio or e0 trial i! ti-el/ filed1 0+et+er !uc+ -otio i! re4uired or ot1 t+e !i8t/ "#9( da/ period !+all )e cou ted fro- otice of t+e de ial of t+e !aid -otio . T+e petitio !+all )e filed i t+e Supre-e Court or1 if it relate! to t+e act! or o-i!!io ! of a lo0er court or of a corporatio 1 )oard1 officer or per!o 1 i t+e Re,io al Trial Court e8erci!i , .uri!dictio over t+e territorial area a! defi ed )/ t+e Supre-e Court. It -a/ al!o )e filed i t+e Court of Appeal! 0+et+er or ot t+e !a-e i! i t+e aid of it! appellate .uri!dictio 1 or i t+e Sa di,a )a/a if it i! i aid of it! appellate .uri!dictio . If it i volve! t+e act! or o-i!!io ! of a 4ua!i%.udicial a,e c/1 u le!! ot+er0i!e provided )/ la0 or t+e!e rule!1 t+e petitio !+all )e filed i a d co, iBa)le o l/ )/ t+e Court of Appeal!. No e8te !io of ti-e to file t+e petitio !+all )e ,ra ted e8cept for co-pelli , rea!o a d i o ca!e e8ceedi , fiftee "'6( da/!. "5a( Bike petitions for review to the 6A and petition for review on certiorari to the ?6, the period to file a special civil action for certiorari is counted from notice of the ,udgment or denial of a .1 or f9, unlike in ordinary appeals where an f9 or .1 only tolls the period and the appellant has only remainder of the original 1" day period to appeal. Sec. 6. )espondents and costs in certain cases. * W+e t+e petitio filed relate! to t+e act! or o-i!!io ! of a .ud,e1 court1 4ua!i% .udicial a,e c/1 tri)u al1 corporatio 1 )oard1 officer or per!o 1 t+e petitio er !+all .oi 1 a! private re!po de t or re!po de t! 0it+ !uc+ pu)lic re!po de t or re!po de t!1 t+e per!o or per!o ! i tere!ted i !u!tai i , t+e proceedi ,! i t+e court: a d it !+all )e t+e dut/ of !uc+ private re!po de t! to appear a d defe d1 )ot+ i +i! or t+eir o0 )e+alf a d i )e+alf of t+e pu)lic re!po de t or re!po de t! affected )/ t+e proceedi ,!1 a d t+e co!t! a0arded i !uc+ proceedi ,! i favor of t+e petitio er !+all )e a,ai !t t+e private re!po de t! o l/1 a d ot a,ai !t t+e .ud,e1 court1 4ua!i%.udicial a,e c/1 tri)u al1 corporatio 1 )oard1 officer or per!o i-pleaded a! pu)lic re!po de t or re!po de t!. 3 le!! ot+er0i!e !pecificall/ directed )/ t+e court 0+ere t+e petitio i! pe di ,1 t+e pu)lic re!po de t! !+all ot appear i or file a a !0er or co--e t to t+e petitio or a / pleadi , t+erei . If t+e ca!e i! elevated to a +i,+er court )/ eit+er part/1 t+e pu)lic re!po de t! !+all )e i cluded t+erei a! o-i al partie!. Do0ever1 u le!! ot+er0i!e !pecificall/ directed )/ t+e court1 t+e/ !+all ot appear or participate i t+e proceedi ,! t+erei . "6a( Sec. #. Order to comment. * If t+e petitio i! !ufficie t i fora d !u)!ta ce to .u!tif/ !uc+ proce!!1 t+e court !+all i!!ue a order re4uiri , t+e re!po de t or re!po de t! to co--e t o t+e petitio 0it+i te "'9( da/! fro- receipt of a cop/ t+ereof. Suc+ order !+all )e !erved o t+e re!po de t! i !uc+ -a er a! t+e court -a/ direct1 to,et+er 0it+ a cop/ of t+e petitio a d a / a e8e! t+ereto. I petitio ! for certiorari )efore t+e Supre-e Court a d t+e Court of Appeal!1 t+e provi!io ! of !ectio $1 Rule 6#1 !+all )e o)!erved. >efore ,ivi , due cour!e t+ereto1 t+e court -a/ re4uire t+e re!po de t! to file t+eir co--e t to1 a d ot a -otio to di!-i!!1 t+e petitio . T+ereafter1 t+e court -a/ re4uire t+e fili , of a repl/ a d !uc+ ot+er re!po !ive or ot+er pleadi ,! a! it -a/ dee- ece!!ar/ a d proper. "#a(
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Special Civil Actions 12 Sec. &. 'xpediting proceedings* in+uncti#e relief. * T+e court i 0+ic+ t+e petitio i! filed -a/ i!!ue order! e8pediti , t+e proceedi ,!1 a d it -a/ al!o ,ra t a te-porar/ re!trai i , order or a 0rit of preli-i ar/ i .u ctio for t+e pre!ervatio of t+e ri,+t! of t+e partie! pe di , !uc+ proceedi ,!. T+e petitio !+all ot i terrupt t+e cour!e of t+e pri cipal ca!e u le!! a te-porar/ re!trai i , order or a 0rit of preli-i ar/ i .u ctio +a! )ee i!!ued a,ai !t t+e pu)lic re!po de t fro- furt+er proceedi , i t+e ca!e. "&a( A special civil action for certiorari, prohibition, and mandamus does not stay e8ecution, unless a 19C or ;/ is issued. Sec. ?. Proceedings after comment is filed. * After t+e co--e t or ot+er pleadi ,! re4uired )/ t+e court are filed1 or t+e ti-e for t+e fili , t+ereof +a! e8pired1 t+e court -a/ +ear t+e ca!e or re4uire t+e partie! to !u)-it -e-ora da. If after !uc+ +eari , or !u)-i!!io of -e-ora da or t+e e8piratio of t+e period for t+e fili , t+ereof t+e court fi d! t+at t+e alle,atio ! of t+e petitio are true1 it !+all re der .ud,-e t for t+e relief pra/ed for or to 0+ic+ t+e petitio er i! e titled. T+e court1 +o0ever1 -a/ di!-i!! t+e petitio if it fi d! t+e !a-e to )e pate tl/ 0it+out -erit1 pro!ecuted -a ife!tl/ for dela/1 or t+at t+e 4ue!tio ! rai!ed t+erei are too u !u)!ta tial to re4uire co !ideratio . "?a(
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unsubstantial
to
require
Sec. @. Ser#ice and enforcement of order or +udgment. * A certified cop/ of t+e .ud,-e t re dered i accorda ce 0it+ t+e la!t precedi , !ectio !+all )e !erved upo t+e court1 4ua!i%.udicial a,e c/1 tri)u al1 corporatio 1 )oard1 officer or per!o co cer ed i !uc+ -a er a! t+e court -a/ direct1 a d di!o)edie ce t+ereto !+all )e pu i!+ed a! co te-pt. A e8ecutio -a/ i!!ue for a / da-a,e! or co!t! a0arded i accorda ce 0it+ !ectio ' of Rule 2@. "@a(
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13
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14
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15
9emedy to try an office or 1o clear legal franchise and to oust the holder disputed titles from en,oyment
not
1here is usurpation or intrusion 9espondent need not claim right to into an office by the respondent an office but e8cludes petitioner therefrom Auo Warra to Electio Co te!t
!isputes relates to the !ispute refers to irregularities eligibility of the candidate elect in the conduct of election 9espondent ousted but petitioner ?uccessful protestant will assume does not always assume office office if he had plurality of valid votes Auo Warra to i /ssue is respondent Elective Office! of Auo Warra to i Appoi tive Office! validity to of the
eligibility
seeks
replace
Special Civil Actions 16 ot+er0i!e +e +a! ,ood rea!o to )elieve t+at a / ca!e !pecified i t+e precedi , !ectio ca )e e!ta)li!+ed )/ proof1 -u!t co--e ce !uc+ actio . "2a( Sec. 2. When Solicitor !eneral or pu(lic prosecutor may commence action with permission of court. * T+e Solicitor ;e eral or a pu)lic pro!ecutor -a/1 0it+ t+e per-i!!io of t+e court i 0+ic+ t+e actio i! to )e co--e ced1 )ri , !uc+ a actio at t+e re4ue!t a d upo t+e relatio of a ot+er per!o : )ut i !uc+ ca!e t+e officer )ri ,i , it -a/ fir!t re4uire a i de- it/ for t+e e8pe !e! a d co!t! of t+e actio i a a-ou t approved )/ a d to )e depo!ited i t+e court )/ t+e per!o at 0+o!e re4ue!t a d upo 0+o!e relatio t+e !a-e i! )rou,+t. "5a( Sec. 5. When hearing had on application for permission to commence action. * 3po applicatio for per-i!!io to co--e ce !uc+ actio i accorda ce 0it+ t+e e8t precedi , !ectio 1 t+e court !+all direct t+at otice )e ,ive to t+e re!po de t !o t+at +e -a/ )e +eard i oppo!itio t+ereto: a d if per-i!!io i! ,ra ted1 t+e court !+all i!!ue a order to t+at effect1 copie! of 0+ic+ !+all )e !erved o all i tere!ted partie!1 a d t+e petitio !+all t+e )e filed 0it+i t+e period ordered )/ t+e court. "6a(
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0#en t#e action i a+ain t a per on !or u urpin+ a pu*lic o!!ice, po ition or !ranc#i e, t#e petition #all et !ort#
.1 the name of the person who claims to be entitled thereto, if any
.2 averment
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.a of petitioner5s right to the same and .b that the respondent is unlawfully in possession thereof All persons who claim to be entitled to the public office, position or franchise may be made parties, and their respective rights to such public office, position or franchise determined, in the same action. Sec. &. ,enue. * A actio u der t+e precedi , !i8 !ectio ! ca )e )rou,+t o l/ i t+e Supre-e Court1 t+e Court of Appeal!1 or i t+e Re,io al Trial Court e8erci!i , .uri!dictio over t+e territorial area 0+ere t+e re!po de t or a / of t+e re!po de t! re!ide!1 )ut 0+e t+e Solicitor ;e eral co--e ce! t+e actio 1 it -a/ )e )rou,+t i a Re,io al Trial Court i t+e Cit/ of Ma ila1 i t+e Court of Appeal!1 or i t+e Supre-e Court. "?a(
0#en t#e re pondent i !ound +uilt" o! u urpin+, intrudin+ into, or unla7!ull" #oldin+ or e$erci in+ a pu*lic o!!ice, po ition or !ranc#i e, .ud+-ent #all *e rendered t#at
.1 such respondent be ousted and altogether e8cluded therefrom, and .2 the petitioner or relator, recover his costs .3 further ,udgment determining the respective rights in and to the public office, position or franchise of all the parties to the action as ,ustice requires. Sec. '9. )ights of persons ad+udged entitled to pu(lic office* deli#ery of (ooks and papers* damages. * If .ud,-e t )e re dered i favor of t+e per!o averred i t+e co-plai t to )e e titled to t+e pu)lic office +e -a/1 after ta7i , t+e oat+ of office a d e8ecuti , a / official )o d re4uired )/ la01 ta7e upo +i-!elf t+e e8ecutio of t+e office1 a d -a/ i--ediatel/ t+ereafter de-a d of t+e re!po de t all t+e )oo7! a d paper! i t+e re!po de tF! cu!tod/ or co trol appertai i , to t+e office to 0+ic+ t+e .ud,-e t relate!. If t+e re!po de t refu!e! or e,lect! to deliver a / )oo7 or paper pur!ua t to !uc+ de-a d1 +e -a/ )e pu i!+ed for co te-pt a! +avi , di!o)e/ed a la0ful order of t+e court. T+e per!o ad.ud,ed e titled to t+e office -a/ al!o )ri , actio a,ai !t t+e re!po de t to recover t+e da-a,e! !u!tai ed )/ !uc+ per!o )/ rea!o of t+e u!urpatio . "'6a(
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18
A!ter ta9in+ t#e oat# o! o!!ice and e$ecutin+ an" required *ond, ri+#t o! per on ad.ud+ed entitled to pu*lic o!!ice
.1 1o take upon himself the e8ecution of the office .2 to demand of the respondent all the books and papers in the respondent5s custody or control appertaining to the office to which the ,udgment relates, failure of which is punishable by contempt .3 to bring action against the respondent to recover sustained by such person by reason of the usurpation. the damages
Sec. ''. "imitations. * Not+i , co tai ed i t+i! Rule !+all )e co !trued to aut+oriBe a actio a,ai !t a pu)lic officer or e-plo/ee for +i! ou!ter fro- office u le!! t+e !a-e )e co--e ced 0it+i o e "'( /ear after t+e cau!e of !uc+ ou!ter1 or t+e ri,+t of t+e petitio er to +old !uc+ office or po!itio 1 aro!e: or to aut+oriBe a actio for da-a,e! i accorda ce 0it+ t+e provi!io ! of t+e e8t precedi , !ectio u le!! t+e !a-e )e co--e ced 0it+i o e "'( /ear after t+e e tr/ of t+e .ud,-e t e!ta)li!+i , t+e petitio erF! ri,+t to t+e office i 4ue!tio . "'#a(
Special Civil Actions 19 .ovember 1(%3. 0e claims that he should be the one appointed as per the ne8t'in rank'rule. 1he petition was filed on arch 1(%", more than a year after the appointment of aliwanag. DeldE 1he action has prescribed because quo warranto prescribes after 1 year from the time the cause of action accrues *i.e. questioned appointment+. 9esort to administrative remedy does not abate the period for ,udicial action.
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#.E8propriatio
E-i e t do-ai Ge8propriatio < power of the sovereign state to take or authoriEe the taking of any property within ,urisdiction for the public use and without the owner5s consent E8propriatio ;urpose of public use the taking is Police Po0er for ;urpose of the taking promote general welfare =ithout ,ust compensation is to
Special Civil Actions 20 .4 order of e8propriation, may be appealed which does not suspend proceedings ." court appoints 3 commissioners .$ commissioners5 report filed within $: days from notification of appointment .% parties have 1: days to file their ob,ections to the report .& court accepts or re,ects the commissioners5 report, or recommits to the commissioners, or appoint another set of commissioners .( plaintiff enters compensation or retains by possession reversal upon payment of ,ust to
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appeal#
entitles
defendant
Sectio '. %he complaint. * T+e ri,+t of e-i e t do-ai !+all )e e8erci!ed )/ t+e fili , of a verified co-plai t 0+ic+ !+all !tate 0it+ certai t/ t+e ri,+t a d purpo!e of e8propriatio 1 de!cri)e t+e real or per!o al propert/ !ou,+t to )e e8propriated1 a d .oi a! defe da t! all per!o ! o0 i , or clai-i , to o0 1 or occup/i ,1 a / part t+ereof or i tere!t t+erei 1 !+o0i ,1 !o far a! practica)le1 t+e !eparate i tere!t of eac+ defe da t. If t+e title to a / propert/ !ou,+t to )e e8propriated appear! to )e i t+e Repu)lic of t+e P+ilippi e!1 alt+ou,+ occupied )/ private i dividual!1 or if t+e title i! ot+er0i!e o)!cure or dou)tful !o t+at t+e plai tiff ca ot 0it+ accurac/ or certai t/ !pecif/ 0+o are t+e real o0 er!1 aver-e t to t+at effect !+all )e -ade i t+e co-plai t. "'a(
Special Civil Actions 21 After !uc+ depo!it i! -ade t+e court !+all order t+e !+eriff or ot+er proper officer to fort+0it+ place t+e plai tiff i po!!e!!io of t+e propert/ i volved a d pro-ptl/ !u)-it a report t+ereof to t+e court 0it+ !ervice of copie! to t+e partie!. "$a(
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Requi ite !or plainti!! to enter upon t#e po e ion o! t#e real propert" in(ol(ed
.1 upon filing of the complaint, or at any time thereafter .2 with due notice to the defendant .3 deposits with the equivalent to the authoriEed government depositary an amount
.a real property < assessed value of the property for purposes of ta8ation .b personal property < value provisionally ascertained and the amount to be deposited as fi8ed by the court *NOTE3 6oncerning right of way, site or location of national government infrastructure pro,ects3 1he required deposit is now non' e8istent pursuant to 9A&(%4+ .4 !eposit must be .a in money, or .b if the court so authoriEes, the deposit of a certificate of deposit of a government bank of the 9epublic of the ;hilippines payable on demand to the authoriEed government depositary. ." court ordering the sheriff or other proper officer to .a place the plaintiff in possession of the property involved and .b submit a report thereof to the court with service of copies to the parties Sec. 2. Defenses and o(+ections. * If a defe da t +a! o o).ectio or defe !e to t+e actio or t+e ta7i , of +i! propert/1 +e -a/ file a d !erve a otice of appeara ce a d a -a ife!tatio to t+at effect1 !pecificall/ de!i, ati , or ide tif/i , t+e propert/ i 0+ic+ +e clai-! to )e i tere!ted1 0it+i t+e ti-e !tated i t+e !u--o !. T+ereafter1 +e !+all )e e titled to otice of all proceedi ,! affecti , t+e !a-e. If a defe da t +a! a / o).ectio to t+e fili , of or t+e alle,atio ! i t+e co-plai t1 or a / o).ectio or defe !e to t+e ta7i , of +i! propert/1 +e !+all !erve +i! a !0er 0it+i t+e ti-e !tated i t+e !u--o !. T+e a !0er !+all !pecificall/ de!i, ate or ide tif/ t+e propert/ i 0+ic+ +e clai-! to +ave a i tere!t1 !tate t+e ature a d e8te t of t+e i tere!t clai-ed1 a d adduce all +i! o).ectio ! a d defe !e! to t+e ta7i , of +i! propert/. No cou terclai-1 cro!!%clai- or t+ird%part/ co-plai t !+all )e alle,ed or allo0ed i t+e a !0er or a / !u)!e4ue t pleadi ,. A defe da t 0aive! all defe !e! a d o).ectio ! ot !o alle,ed )ut t+e court1 i t+e i tere!t of .u!tice1 -a/ per-it a-e d-e t! to t+e a !0er to )e -ade ot later t+a te "'9( da/! fro- t+e fili , t+ereof. Do0ever1 at t+e trial of t+e i!!ue of .u!t co-pe !atio 1 0+et+er or ot a defe da t +a! previou!l/ appeared or a !0ered1 +e -a/ pre!e t evide ce a! to t+e a-ou t of t+e co-pe !atio to )e paid for +i! propert/1 a d +e -a/ !+are i t+e di!tri)utio of t+e a0ard. " (
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22
I! a de!endant #a > 1) no o*.ection or de!en e to t#e action or t#e ta9in+ o! #i propert" : #e -a" !ile and er(e
.a a notice of appearance .b a manifestation to that effect .c specifically designating or identifying the property in which he claims to be interested .d within the time stated in the summons .e thereafter, he shall be entitled to notice of all proceedings affecting the same.
&) an" o*.ection to t#e !ilin+ o! or t#e alle+ation in t#e co-plaint, or an" o*.ection or de!en e to t#e ta9in+ o! #i propert" : #e #all
.a serve his answer within the time stated in the summons .b answer shall specifically designate or identify the property in which he claims to have an interest .c state the nature and e8tent of the interest claimed .d adduce all his ob,ections and defenses to the taking of his property .e .o counterclaim, cross'claim or third'party complaint shall be alleged or allowed in the answer or any subsequent pleading. .f A defendant waives all defenses and ob,ections not so alleged .g the court, in the interest of ,ustice, may permit amendments to the answer to be made not later than 1: days from the filing 0owever, at the trial of the issue of ,ust compensation, whether or not a defendant has previously appeared or answered, he may present evidence as to the amount of the compensation to be paid for his property, and he may share in the distribution of the award. Sec. 5. Order of expropriation. * If t+e o).ectio ! to a d t+e defe !e! a,ai !t t+e ri,+t of t+e plai tiff to e8propriate t+e propert/ are overruled1 or 0+e o part/ appear! to defe d a! re4uired )/ t+i! Rule1 t+e court -a/ i!!ue a order of e8propriatio declari , t+at t+e plai tiff +a! a la0ful ri,+t to ta7e t+e propert/ !ou,+t to )e e8propriated1 for t+e pu)lic u!e or purpo!e de!cri)ed i t+e co-plai t1 upo t+e pa/-e t of .u!t co-pe !atio to )e deter-i ed a! of t+e date of t+e ta7i , of t+e propert/ or t+e fili , of t+e co-plai t1 0+ic+ever ca-e fir!t. A fi al order !u!tai i , t+e ri,+t to e8propriate t+e propert/ -a/ )e appealed )/ a / part/ a,,rieved t+ere)/. Suc+ appeal1 +o0ever1 !+all ot preve t t+e court fro- deter-i i , t+e .u!t co-pe !atio to )e paid. After t+e re ditio of !uc+ a order1 t+e plai tiff !+all ot )e per-itted to di!-i!! or di!co ti ue t+e proceedi , e8cept o !uc+ ter-! a! t+e court dee-! .u!t a d e4uita)le. "5a(
I! t#e o*.ection to and t#e de!en e a+ain t t#e ri+#t o! t#e plainti!! to e$propriate t#e propert" are o(erruled, or 7#en no part" appear to de!end a required *" t#i Rule, t#e court -a" i ue an order o! e$propriation
.1 declaring that the plaintiff has property sought to be e8propriated a lawful right to take the
Special Civil Actions .2 for the public use or purpose described in the complaint
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.3 upon the payment of ,ust compensation to be determined as of the date of the taking of the property or the filing of the complaint, whichever came first. A final order sustaining the right to e8propriate the property may be appealed by any party aggrieved thereby. ?uch appeal, however, shall not prevent the court from determining the ,ust compensation to be paid. After the rendition of such an order, the plaintiff shall not be permitted to dismiss or discontinue the proceeding e8cept on such terms as the court deems ,ust and equitable. Sec. 6. Ascertainment of compensation. * 3po t+e re ditio of t+e order of e8propriatio 1 t+e court !+all appoi t ot -ore t+a t+ree "2( co-pete t a d di!i tere!ted per!o ! a! co--i!!io er! to a!certai a d report to t+e court t+e .u!t co-pe !atio for t+e propert/ !ou,+t to )e ta7e . T+e order of appoi t-e t !+all de!i, ate t+e ti-e a d place of t+e fir!t !e!!io of t+e +eari , to )e +eld )/ t+e co--i!!io er! a d !pecif/ t+e ti-e 0it+i 0+ic+ t+eir report !+all )e !u)-itted to t+e court. Copie! of t+e order !+all )e !erved o t+e partie!. O).ectio ! to t+e appoi t-e t of a / of t+e co--i!!io er! !+all )e filed 0it+ t+e court 0it+i te "'9( da/! fro- !ervice1 a d !+all )e re!olved 0it+i t+irt/ "29( da/! after all t+e co--i!!io er! !+all +ave received copie! of t+e o).ectio !. "6a( Co--i!!io er! are appoi ted o l/ if t+e partie! ca t+e .u!t co-pe !atio for t+e propert/ ot a,ree a! to
Special Civil Actions 24 of t+e )u!i e!! of t+e corporatio or per!o ta7i , t+e propert/. >ut i o ca!e !+all t+e co !e4ue tial )e efit! a!!e!!ed e8ceed t+e co !e4ue tial da-a,e! a!!e!!ed1 or t+e o0 er )e deprived of t+e actual value of +i! propert/ !o ta7e . "#a(
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Special Civil Actions 25 Sec. @. 0ncertain ownership* conflicting claims. * If t+e o0 er!+ip of t+e propert/ ta7e i! u certai 1 or t+ere are co flicti , clai-! to a / part t+ereof1 t+e court -a/ order a / !u- or !u-! a0arded a! co-pe !atio for t+e propert/ to )e paid to t+e court for t+e )e efit of t+e per!o ad.ud,ed i t+e !a-e proceedi , to )e e titled t+ereto. >ut t+e .ud,-e t !+all re4uire t+e pa/-e t of t+e !u- or !u-! a0arded to eit+er t+e defe da t or t+e court )efore t+e plai tiff ca e ter upo t+e propert/1 or retai it for t+e pu)lic u!e or purpo!e if e tr/ +a! alread/ )ee -ade. "@a( Sec. '9. )ights of plaintiff after +udgment and payment. * 3po pa/-e t )/ t+e plai tiff to t+e defe da t of t+e co-pe !atio fi8ed )/ t+e .ud,-e t1 0it+ le,al i tere!t t+ereo fro- t+e ta7i , of t+e po!!e!!io of t+e propert/1 or after te der to +i- of t+e a-ou t !o fi8ed a d pa/-e t of t+e co!t!1 t+e plai tiff !+all +ave t+e ri,+t to e ter upo t+e propert/ e8propriated a d to appropriate it for t+e pu)lic u!e or purpo!e defi ed i t+e .ud,-e t1 or to retai it !+ould +e +ave ta7e i--ediate po!!e!!io t+ereof u der t+e provi!io ! of !ectio $ +ereof. If t+e defe da t a d +i! cou !el a)!e t t+e-!elve! fro- t+e court1 or decli e to receive t+e a-ou t te dered1 t+e !a-e !+all )e ordered to )e depo!ited i court a d !uc+ depo!it !+all +ave t+e !a-e effect a! actual pa/-e t t+ereof to t+e defe da t or t+e per!o ulti-atel/ ad.ud,ed e titled t+ereto. "'9a( Sec. ''. 'ntry not delayed (y appeal* effect of re#ersal. * T+e ri,+t of t+e plai tiff to e ter upo t+e propert/ of t+e defe da t a d appropriate t+e !a-e for pu)lic u!e or purpo!e !+all ot )e dela/ed )/ a appeal fro- t+e .ud,-e t. >ut if t+e appellate court deter-i e! t+at plai tiff +a! o ri,+t of e8propriatio 1 .ud,-e t !+all )e re dered orderi , t+e Re,io al Trial Court to fort+0it+ e force t+e re!toratio to t+e defe da t of t+e po!!e!!io of t+e propert/1 a d to deter-i e t+e da-a,e! 0+ic+ t+e defe da t !u!tai ed a d -a/ recover )/ rea!o of t+e po!!e!!io ta7e )/ t+e plai tiff. "''a( .ote that entry may not be delayed by appeal. 1he remedy, in case of reversal on appeal, is to restore the defendant to possession plus damages. Sec. '$. $osts, (y whom paid. * T+e fee! of t+e co--i!!io er! !+all )e ta8ed a! a part of t+e co!t! of t+e proceedi ,!. All co!t!1 e8cept t+o!e of rival clai-a t! liti,ati , t+eir clai-!1 !+all )e paid )/ t+e plai tiff1 u le!! a appeal i! ta7e )/ t+e o0 er of t+e propert/ a d t+e .ud,-e t i! affir-ed1 i 0+ic+ eve t t+e co!t! of t+e appeal !+all )e paid )/ t+e o0 er. "'$a( Sec. '2. )ecording +udgment, and its effect. * T+e .ud,-e t e tered i e8propriatio proceedi ,! !+all !tate defi itel/1 )/ a ade4uate de!criptio 1 t+e particular propert/ or i tere!t t+erei e8propriated1 a d t+e ature of t+e pu)lic u!e or purpo!e for 0+ic+ it i! e8propriated. W+e real e!tate i! e8propriated1 a certified cop/ of !uc+ .ud,-e t !+all )e recorded i t+e re,i!tr/ of deed! of t+e place i 0+ic+ t+e propert/ i! !ituated1 a d it! effect !+all )e to ve!t i t+e plai tiff t+e title to t+e real e!tate !o de!cri)ed for !uc+ pu)lic u!e or purpo!e. "'2a( Sec. '5. Power of guardian in such proceedings. * T+e ,uardia or ,uardia ad lite- of a -i or or of a per!o .udiciall/ declared to )e i co-pete t -a/1 0it+ t+e approval of t+e court fir!t +ad1 do a d perfor- o )e+alf of +i! 0ard a / act1 -atter1 or t+i , re!pecti , t+e e8propriatio for pu)lic u!e or purpo!e of propert/ )elo ,i , to !uc+ -i or or per!o .udiciall/ declared to )e i co-pete t1 0+ic+
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Special Civil Actions 26 !uc+ -i or or per!o .udiciall/ declared to )e i co-pete t could do i !uc+ proceedi ,! if +e 0ere of a,e or co-pete t. "'5a(
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DeldE I e8propriatio 1 ece!!it/ for ta7i , doe! ot -ea a a)!olute )ut o l/ a rea!o a)le or practical ece!!it/1 !uc+ a! 0ould co-)i e t+e ,reate!t )e efit to t+e pu)lic 0it+ t+e lea!t i co ve ie ce a d e8pe !e to t+e co de- i , part/ a d propert/ o0 er co !i!te t 0it+ !uc+ )e efit. /n this case, necessity for the condemnation has not been shown. 1he land in question has cost the owner ;14:,:::. 1he people for whose benefit the condemnation is being undertaken are so poor they could ill afford to meet this high price, unless they intend to borrow the money with a view to disposing of the property later for a profit. 6heaper lands not dedicated to a purpose so worthy as a school and more suited to the occupantsF needs and means, if really they only want to own their own homes, are aplenty elsewhere. Cn the other hand, the defendant not only has invested a considerable amount for its property but had the plans for construction ready and would have completed the pro,ect a long time ago had it not been stopped by the city authorities. W+ile a +a dful of people !ta d to profit )/ t+e e8propriatio 1 t+e develop-e t of a u iver!it/ t+at +a! a pre!e t e roll-e t of @1999 !tude t! 0ould )e !acrificed. Any good that would accrue to the public from providing homes to a few families fades into insignificance in comparison with the preparation of young men and young women for useful citiEenship and for service to the government and the community, a task which the government alone is not in a position to undertake. Note3 1his case is authority for saying that public purpose alone is not enough to authoriEe e8propriation.
Special Civil Actions 27 0DB!3 1he method of ascertaining ,ust compensation under ;! 1"33 constitutes impermissible encroachment on ,udicial prerogatives. Although the court technically would still have the power to determine the ,ust compensation for the property, following the decree, its task would be relegated to simply stating the lower value of the property as declared either by the owner or the assessor. Gust compensation means the value of the property at the time of the taking. /t means a fair and full equivalent for the loss sustained. All the facts as to the condition of the property and its surroundings, its improvements and capabilities should be considered. /n this case, the ta8 declarations used as basis for the ,ust compensation were made long before the declaration of martial law when the land was much cheaper. 1o peg the value of the lots on the basis of those documents which are outdated would be arbitrary and confiscatory ?ource3 http3LLwww.shvoong.comLlaw'and'politicsL1%$%23:'case'digest' epEa'vs'dulayLHi8EE1ysei2ycm
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.2 if property is worth more than ;4::, published once a week for at least 3 consecutive weeks in a newspaper of general circulation in the municipality or city Sec. 5. T+e !ale !+all )e -ade at pu)lic auctio 1 )et0ee t+e +our! of i e i t+e -or i , a d four i t+e after oo : a d !+all )e u der t+e directio of t+e !+eriff of t+e provi ce1 t+e .u!tice or au8iliar/ .u!tice of t+e peace of t+e -u icipalit/ i 0+ic+ !uc+ !ale +a! to )e -ade1 or a otar/ pu)lic of !aid -u icipalit/1 0+o !+all )e e titled to collect a fee of five pe!o! eac+ da/ of actual 0or7 perfor-ed1 i additio to +i! e8pe !e!. Sec. 6. At a / !ale1 t+e creditor1 tru!tee1 or ot+er per!o ! aut+oriBed to act for t+e creditor1 -a/ participate i t+e )iddi , a d purc+a!e u der t+e !a-e co ditio ! a! a / ot+er )idder1 u le!! t+e co trar/ +a! )ee e8pre!!l/ provided i t+e -ort,a,e or tru!t deed u der 0+ic+ t+e !ale i! -ade.
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Special Civil Actions .a the sheriff of the province .b the ,ustice or au8iliary ,ustice of the peace municipality in which such sale has to be made, or .c a notary public of said municipality of
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the
.4 ?elling officer entitled to a fee of ;" each day of actual work performed, in addition to his e8penses. ." creditor, trustee, or other persons authoriEed to act for the creditor, may participate in the bidding and purchase, unless the contrary is stipulated Sec. #. I all ca!e! i 0+ic+ a e8tra.udicial !ale i! -ade u der t+e !pecial po0er +erei )efore referred to1 t+e de)tor1 +i! !ucce!!or! i i tere!t or a / .udicial creditor or .ud,-e t creditor of !aid de)tor1 or a / per!o +avi , a lie o t+e propert/ !u)!e4ue t to t+e -ort,a,e or deed of tru!t u der 0+ic+ t+e propert/ i! !old1 -a/ redee- t+e !a-e at a / ti-e 0it+i t+e ter- of o e /ear fro- a d after t+e date of t+e !ale: a d !uc+ rede-ptio !+all )e ,over ed )/ t+e provi!io ! of !ectio ! four +u dred a d !i8t/%four to four +u dred a d !i8t/%!i81 i clu!ive1 of t+e Code of Civil Procedure1 i !o far a! t+e!e are ot i co !i!te t 0it+ t+e provi!io ! of t+i! Act. 9edemption period is 1 year from date of sale. /f the 1 year redemption period has e8pired and the buyer has not asked for writ of possession, with more reason the buyer can still ask for issuance of a writ of possession after the lapse of the redemption period. Any rent collected will be deducted from the redemption price. Sec. &. I a / !ale -ade u der t+e provi!io ! of t+i! Act1 t+e purc+a!er -a/ petitio t+e Court of =ir!t I !ta ce of t+e provi ce or place 0+ere t+e propert/ or a / part t+ereof i! !ituated1 to ,ive +ipo!!e!!io t+ereof duri , t+e rede-ptio period1 fur i!+i , )o d i a a-ou t e4uivale t to t+e u!e of t+e propert/ for a period of t0elve -o t+!1 to i de- if/ t+e de)tor i ca!e it )e !+o0 t+at t+e !ale 0a! -ade 0it+out violati , t+e -ort,a,e or 0it+out co-pl/i , 0it+ t+e re4uire-e t! of t+i! Act. Suc+ petitio !+all )e -ade u der oat+ a d filed i for- of a e8 parte -otio i t+e re,i!tratio or cada!tral proceedi ,! if t+e propert/ i! re,i!tered1 or i !pecial proceedi ,! i t+e ca!e of propert/ re,i!tered u der t+e Mort,a,e La0 or u der !ectio o e +u dred a d i et/%four of t+e Ad-i i!trative Code1 or of a / ot+er real propert/ e cu-)ered 0it+ a -ort,a,e dul/ re,i!tered i t+e office of a / re,i!ter of deed! i accorda ce 0it+ a / e8i!ti , la01 a d i eac+ ca!e t+e cler7 of t+e court !+all1 upo t+e fili , of !uc+ petitio 1 collect t+e fee! !pecified i para,rap+ eleve of !ectio o e +u dred a d fourtee of Act Nu-)ered =our +u dred a d i et/%!i81 a! a-e ded )/ Act Nu-)ered T0e t/%ei,+t +u dred a d !i8t/%!i81 a d t+e court !+all1 upo approval of t+e )o d1 order t+at a 0rit of po!!e!!io i!!ue1 addre!!ed to t+e !+eriff of t+e provi ce i 0+ic+ t+e propert/ i! !ituated1 0+o !+all e8ecute !aid order i--ediatel/.
1or purc#a er to +ain po e ion o! t#e propert" durin+ t#e rede-ption period
.1 file petition to the 916 of the province property or any part thereof is situated .a under oath and .b filed in form of an e8 parte motion or place where the
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Special Civil Actions 30 +1 in the registration or cadastral proceedings if the property is registered, or +2 in special proceedings in the case of +a property registered under the ortgage Baw or +b property registered under ?ec. 1(4 of the Administrative 6ode, or of +c any other real property encumbered with a mortgage duly registered in the office of any 9o! in accordance with any e8isting law
.c clerk of the court collect the fees .2 furnish a bond in an amount equivalent to the use of the property for a period of 12 months, to indemnify the debtor in case it be shown that the sale was made without violating the mortgage or without complying with the requirements of this Act. 1he issuance of writ of possession to the auction buyer ministerial even if the mortgagor is questioning the auction sale. is
=rit of possession may be enforced against successors'in'interest, or even tenants of the mortgagor. 1he buyer may dispossess the tenant by e8press provision of the law. Sec. ?. T+e de)tor -a/1 i t+e proceedi ,! i 0+ic+ po!!e!!io 0a! re4ue!ted1 )ut ot later t+a t+irt/ da/! after t+e purc+a!er 0a! ,ive po!!e!!io 1 petitio t+at t+e !ale )e !et a!ide a d t+e 0rit of po!!e!!io ca celled1 !pecif/i , t+e da-a,e! !uffered )/ +i-1 )ecau!e t+e -ort,a,e 0a! ot violated or t+e !ale 0a! ot -ade i accorda ce 0it+ t+e provi!io ! +ereof1 a d t+e court !+all ta7e co, iBa ce of t+i! petitio i accorda ce 0it+ t+e !u--ar/ procedure provided for i !ectio o e +u dred a d t0elve of Act Nu-)ered =our +u dred a d i et/%!i8: a d if it fi d! t+e co-plai t of t+e de)tor .u!tified1 it !+all di!po!e i +i! favor of all or part of t+e )o d fur i!+ed )/ t+e per!o 0+o o)tai ed po!!e!!io . Eit+er of t+e partie! -a/ appeal fro- t+e order of t+e .ud,e i accorda ce 0it+ !ectio fourtee of Act Nu-)ered =our +u dred a d i et/%!i8: )ut t+e order of po!!e!!io !+all co ti ue i effect duri , t+e pe de c/ of t+e appeal.
Special Civil Actions 31 -a/ deduct fro- t+e price t+e i tere!t of o e per ce tu- per -o t+ provided for i !ectio four +u dred a d !i8t/%five of t+e Code of Civil Procedure.
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0#en t#e propert" i redee-ed a!ter t#e purc#a er #a *een +i(en po e ion
.1 the redeemer shall be entitled to deduct from the price of redemption any rentals that said purchaser may have collected in case the property or any part thereof was rented .2 the redeemer may deduct from the price the interest of one per centum per month if the purchaser .a occupied the property, or property as his own dwelling, it being town
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I! upon t#e trial in uc# action t#e court #all !ind t#e !act in t#e co-plaint to *e true, it #all
et !ort#
.1 ascertain the amount due to the plaintiff upon the mortgage debt or obligation, including interest and other charges as approved by the court, and costs, .2 render ,udgment for the sum so found due and .3 order that .a the due amount to be paid to the court or to the ,udgment obligee within a period of not less than (: days nor more than 12: days from the entry of ,udgment, and .b in default of such payment the property shall be sold at public auction to satisfy the ,udgment Sec. 2. Sale of mortgaged property* effect. * W+e t+e defe da t1 after )ei , directed to do !o a! provided i t+e e8t precedi , !ectio 1 fail! to pa/ t+e a-ou t of t+e .ud,-e t 0it+i t+e period !pecified t+erei 1 t+e court1 upo -otio 1 !+all order t+e propert/ to )e !old i t+e -a er a d u der t+e provi!io ! of Rule 2@ a d ot+er re,ulatio ! ,over i , !ale! of real e!tate u der e8ecutio . Suc+ !ale !+all ot affect t+e ri,+t! of per!o ! +oldi , prior e cu-)ra ce! upo t+e propert/ or a part t+ereof1 a d 0+e co fir-ed )/ a order of t+e court1 al!o upo -otio 1 it !+all operate to dive!t t+e ri,+t! i t+e propert/ of all t+e partie! to t+e actio a d to ve!t t+eir ri,+t! i t+e purc+a!er1 !u).ect to !uc+ ri,+t! of rede-ptio a! -a/ )e allo0ed )/ la0. 3po t+e fi alit/ of t+e order of co fir-atio or upo t+e e8piratio of t+e period of rede-ptio 0+e allo0ed )/ la01 t+e purc+a!er at t+e auctio !ale or la!t rede-ptio er1 if a /1 !+all )e e titled to t+e po!!e!!io of t+e propert/ u le!! a t+ird part/ i! actuall/ +oldi , t+e !a-e adver!el/ to t+e .ud,-e t o)li,or. T+e !aid purc+a!er or la!t rede-ptio er -a/ !ecure a 0rit of po!!e!!io 1 upo -otio 1 fro- t+e court 0+ic+ ordered t+e foreclo!ure. "2a( 1he plaintiff need not serve the motion to order foreclosure sale.
Special Civil Actions 33 Sec. 5. Disposition of proceeds of sale. * T+e a-ou t realiBed frot+e foreclo!ure !ale of t+e -ort,a,ed propert/ !+all1 after deducti , t+e co!t! of t+e !ale1 )e paid to t+e per!o foreclo!i , t+e -ort,a,e1 a d 0+e t+ere !+all )e a / )ala ce or re!idue1 after pa/i , off t+e -ort,a,e de)t due1 t+e !a-e !+all )e paid to .u ior e cu-)ra cer! i t+e order of t+eir priorit/1 to )e a!certai ed )/ t+e court1 or if t+ere )e o !uc+ e cu-)ra cer! or t+ere )e a )ala ce or re!idue after pa/-e t to t+e-1 t+e to t+e -ort,a,or or +i! dul/ aut+oriBed a,e t1 or to t+e per!o e titled to it. "5a(
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I! t#e de*t !or 7#ic# t#e -ort+a+e or encu-*rance 7a #eld i not all due a pro(ided in t#e .ud+-ent
.1 as soon as a sufficient portion of the property has been sold to pay the total amount and the costs due, the sale shall terminate# and .2 afterwards, as often as more becomes due for principal or interest and other valid charges, the court may, on motion, order more to be sold .3 if the property cannot be sold in portions without pre,udice to the parties .a the whole shall be ordered to be sold in the first instance .b the entire debt and costs shall be paid, if the proceeds of the sale be sufficient therefore .c there being a rebate of interest where such rebate is proper Sec. #. Deficiency +udgment. * If upo t+e !ale of a / real propert/ a! provided i t+e e8t precedi , !ectio t+ere )e a )ala ce due to t+e plai tiff after appl/i , t+e proceed! of t+e !ale1 t+e court1 upo -otio 1 !+all re der .ud,-e t a,ai !t t+e defe da t for a / !uc+ )ala ce for 0+ic+1 )/ t+e record of t+e ca!e1 +e -a/ )e per!o all/ lia)le to t+e plai tiff1 upo 0+ic+ e8ecutio -a/ i!!ue i--ediatel/ if t+e )ala ce i! all due at t+e ti-e of t+e re ditio of t+e .ud,-e t: ot+er0i!e1 t+e plai tiff !+all )e e titled to e8ecutio at !uc+ ti-e a! t+e )ala ce re-ai i , )eco-e! due u der t+e ter-! of t+e ori,i al co tract1 0+ic+ ti-e !+all )e !tated i t+e .ud,-e t. "#a(
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I! upon t#e ale o! an" real propert" t#ere *e a *alance due to t#e plainti!! a!ter appl"in+ t#e proceed o! t#e ale
.1 the court, upon motion, shall render ,udgment against the defendant for any such balance for which, by the record of the case, he may be personally liable to the plaintiff .2 if the balance is .a all due at the time of the rendition of the ,udgment < e8ecution may issue immediately .b not all due at the time of the rendition of the ,udgment < the plaintiff shall be entitled to e8ecution at such time as the balance remaining becomes due, which time shall be stated in the ,udgment Sec. &. )egistration. * A certified cop/ of t+e fi al order of t+e court co fir-i , t+e !ale !+all )e re,i!tered i t+e re,i!tr/ of deed!. If o ri,+t of rede-ptio e8i!t!1 t+e certificate of title i t+e a-e of t+e -ort,a,or !+all )e ca celled1 a d a e0 o e i!!ued i t+e a-e of t+e purc+a!er. W+ere a ri,+t of rede-ptio e8i!t!1 t+e certificate of title i t+e a-e of t+e -ort,a,or !+all ot )e ca celled1 )ut t+e certificate of !ale a d t+e order co fir-i , t+e !ale !+all )e re,i!tered a d a )rief -e-ora du- t+ereof -ade )/ t+e re,i!trar of deed! upo t+e certificate of title. I t+e eve t t+e propert/ i! redee-ed1 t+e deed of rede-ptio !+all )e re,i!tered 0it+ t+e re,i!tr/ of deed!1 a d a )rief -e-ora du- t+ereof !+all )e -ade )/ t+e re,i!trar of deed! o !aid certificate of title. If t+e propert/ i! ot redee-ed1 t+e fi al deed of !ale e8ecuted )/ t+e !+eriff i favor of t+e purc+a!er at t+e foreclo!ure !ale !+all )e re,i!tered 0it+ t+e re,i!tr/ of deed!: 0+ereupo t+e certificate of title i t+e a-e of t+e -ort,a,or !+all )e ca celled a d a e0 o e i!!ued i t+e a-e of t+e purc+a!er. " (
A certi!ied cop" o! t#e !inal order o! t#e court con!ir-in+ t#e ale #all *e re+i tered in t#e re+i tr" o! deed )
.1 If o ri,+t of rede-ptio e8i!t! ' the title of the mortgagor is cancelled, and a new one for the purchaser is issued .2 W+ere a ri,+t of rede-ptio e8i!t! .a the title of the mortgagor shall not be cancelled, but the certificate of sale and the order confirming the sale shall be registered and a brief memorandum thereof made by the registrar of deeds upon the certificate of title. .b =here the property is +1 9edeemed < the deed of redemption shall be registered with the 9o!, and a brief memorandum thereof shall be made by the 9o! on said certificate of title. +2 not redeemed < the final deed of sale e8ecuted by the sheriff in favor of the purchaser at the foreclosure sale shall be registered with the 9o!# whereupon the title of the mortgagor is cancelled and a new one for the purchaser is issued Sec. ?. Applica(ility of other pro#isions. * T+e provi!io ! of !ectio ! 2'1 2$ a d 25 of Rule 2@ !+all )e applica)le to t+e .udicial foreclo!ure of real e!tate -ort,a,e! u der t+i! Rule i !ofar a! t+e for-er are ot i co !i!te t 0it+ or -a/ !erve to !upple-e t t+e provi!io ! of t+e latter. "?a(
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35
?ec. 31. Manner of using remises ending redem tion" #aste restrained. M Antil the e8piration of the time allowed for redemption, the court may, as in other proper cases, restrain the commission of waste on the property by in,unction, on the application of the purchaser or the ,udgment obligee, with or without notice# but it is not waste for a person in possession of the property at the time of the sale, or entitled to possession afterwards, during the period allowed for redemption, to continue to use it in the same manner in which it was previously used# or to use it in the ordinary course of husbandry# or to make the necessary repairs to buildings thereon while he occupies the property. *33a+ ?ec. 32. $ents% earnings and income of ro erty ending redem tion. M 1he purchaser or a redemptioner shall not be entitled to receive the rents, earnings and income of the property sold on e8ecution, or the value of the use and occupation thereof when such property is in the possession of a tenant. All rents, earnings and income derived from the property pending redemption shall belong to the ,udgment obligor until the e8piration of his period of redemption. *34a+ ?ec. 34. $ecovery of rice if sale not effective" revival of judgment. M /f the purchaser of real property sold on e8ecution, or his successor in interest, fails to recover the possession thereof, or is evicted therefrom, in consequence of irregularities in the proceedings concerning the sale, or because the ,udgment has been reversed or set aside, or because the property sold was e8empt from e8ecution, or because a third person has vindicated his claim to the property, he may on motion in the same action or in a separate action recover from the ,udgment obligee the price paid, with interest, or so much thereof as has not been delivered to the ,udgment obligor# or he may, on motion, have the original ,udgment revived in his name for the whole price with interest, or so much thereof as has been delivered to the ,udgment obligor. 1he ,udgment so revived shall have the same force and effect as an original ,udgment would have as of the date of the revival and no more. *3$a+
!uring the redemption period, the court may restrain the commission of waste on the property by in,unction, on the application of the purchaser or the ,udgment obligee. All rents, earnings and income derived from the property pending redemption shall belong to the ,udgment obligor.
Purc#a er -a" on -otion reco(er !ro- t#e .ud+-ent o*li+ee t#e price paid, 7it# intere t, or o -uc# t#ereo! a #a not *een deli(ered to t#e .ud+-ent o*li+or, or #a(e t#e ori+inal .ud+-ent re(i(ed, i! #e
.1 fails to recover the possession .2 is evicted, because of .a irregularities in the proceedings concerning the sale, or .b the ,udgment has been reversed or set aside, or .c the property sold was e8empt from e8ecution, or .d a third person has vindicated his claim to the property
c.Ca!e! 2Re#a*ilitation 1inance Corporation () Alto Suret", 1,7 P#il %87 (196,)
=act!3 ;alma mortgaged his land in favor of 926. 1hereafter with the consent of 926, ;alma mortgaged the same property to Alto. 7oth mortgages were duly registered. 926 foreclosed without notifying Alto and was the highest bidder. 926 consolidates ownership but the mortgage of Alto was carried over the new title. 926 now seeks to have Alto5s mortgage lien cancelled.
Special Civil Actions 36 Deld3 /f the ,unior mortgagor was not notified of the foreclosure of the 1st mortgage, he can not be considered to have terminated or e8tinguished the rights of said ,unior encumbrancer over the property. An interest in the mortgaged property acquired subsequent to the *first+ mortgage may be divested or barred only by making the holder thereof a party to the proceedings to foreclose. Note3 Cther mortgagees who have superior lien need not be impleaded. 1he right of ,unior mortgagees who have not been impleaded is not lost by the foreclosure of the property. 1he ,unior mortgagee may redeem the property by paying the obligation of the mortagor to the foreclosing mortgagee. Gunior mortgagees are not indispensable parties, but it is advisable to implead them.
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Notice a d +eari , of -otio for co fir-atio are e!!e tial to t+e validit/ of a order of co fir-atio of t+e foreclo!ure !ale. Note3 otion for foreclosure sale need not be served on the other party. /t is an e8'parte motion. Do0ever1 a -otio for co fir-atio of title -u!t )e !erved o t+e ot+er part/.
4?/? filed motion for confirmation of sale. aria 1eresa /ntegrated !evt 6orp * 1/!6+, alleged assignee of the 7acaling5s right to redemption, filed a )motion to e8ercise right of redemption-. 62/ granted said motion. 0owever, 1/!6 check bounced. Cn 4?/?5s motion, 62/ declared null and void the 1/!6 redemption. 14yrs after, 1/!6 filed f9 and sought restoration of its right of redemption. 62/ granted said motion despite opposition from 4?/?. 4?/? appealed by certiorari.
Special Civil Actions 37 DELDE T+ere i! o ri,+t of rede-ptio fro- a .udicial foreclo!ure after co fir-atio 1 e8cept t+o!e ,ra ted i ca!e of -ort,a,ee! 0+o are )a 7! or )a 7i , i !titutio !. I .udicial foreclo!ure1 t+ere i! o l/ a e4uit/ of rede-ptio 0+ere t+e -or,a,or ca redee- 0it+i @9 da/! fro- fi alit/ of .ud,-e t1 a d a / ti-e )efore co fir-atio of foreclo!ure !ale. O l/ .udicial foreclo!ure of -ort,a,e! to )a 7i , i !titutio !1 a d t+o!e -ade e8tra.udiciall/ are !u).ect to le,al rede-ptio . ?ince 4?/? is not a bank or banking institution, its ,udicial foreclosure of the mortgage is not sub,ect to redemption after the foreclosure sale has been confirmed.
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/n this case, the sheriff e8ecuted a certificate of posting, which is not the affidavit required by law. An affidavit is a sworn statement in writing whereas a certificate is merely a statement in writing. ?trict compliance with the aforementioned provision is mandated. ?ubstantial compliance is not enough.
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38
?.Partitio a.Rule #@
Sectio '. $omplaint in action for partition of real estate. * A per!o +avi , t+e ri,+t to co-pel t+e partitio of real e!tate -a/ do !o a! provided i t+i! Rule1 !etti , fort+ i +i! co-plai t t+e ature a d e8te t of +i! title a d a ade4uate de!criptio of t+e real e!tate of 0+ic+ partitio i! de-a ded a d .oi i , a! defe da t! all ot+er per!o ! i tere!ted i t+e propert/. "'a(
Special Civil Actions 39 Sec. $. Order for partition, and partition (y agreement thereunder. * If after t+e trial t+e court fi d! t+at t+e plai tiff +a! t+e ri,+t t+ereto1 it !+all order t+e partitio of t+e real e!tate a-o , all t+e partie! i i tere!t. T+ereupo t+e partie! -a/1 if t+e/ are a)le to a,ree1 -a7e t+e partitio a-o , t+e-!elve! )/ proper i !tru-e t! of co ve/a ce1 a d t+e court !+all co fir- t+e partitio !o a,reed upo )/ all t+e partie!1 a d !uc+ partitio 1 to,et+er 0it+ t+e order of t+e court co fir-i , t+e !a-e1 !+all )e recorded i t+e re,i!tr/ of deed! of t+e place i 0+ic+ t+e propert/ i! !ituated. "$a( A fi al order decreei , partitio a / part/ a,,rieved t+ere)/. " ( a d accou ti , -a/ )e appealed )/
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cf ?pecial ;roceedings on e8tra',udicial partition of the estate /f after the trial the court finds that the plaintiff has the right thereto, it shall order the partition of the real estate among all the parties in interest. A final order decreeing partition and accounting may be appealed by any party aggrieved thereby.
8oluntar" partition
.1 parties agree to make the partition among themselves by proper instruments of conveyance .2 the court confirms the partition so agreed .3 partition, together with the order of the court confirming the same, recorded in the 9o! of the place in which the property is situated Sec. 2. $ommissioners to make partition when parties fail to agree. * If t+e partie! are u a)le to a,ree upo t+e partitio 1 t+e court !+all appoi t ot -ore t+a t+ree "2( co-pete t a d di!i tere!ted per!o ! a! co--i!!io er! to -a7e t+e partitio 1 co--a di , t+e- to !et off to t+e plai tiff a d to eac+ part/ i i tere!t !uc+ part a d proportio of t+e propert/ a! t+e court !+all direct. "2a( Sec. 5. Oath and duties of commissioners. * >efore -a7i , !uc+ partitio 1 t+e co--i!!io er! !+all ta7e a d !u)!cri)e a oat+ t+at t+e/ 0ill fait+full/ perfor- t+eir dutie! a! co--i!!io er!1 0+ic+ oat+ !+all )e filed i court 0it+ t+e ot+er proceedi ,! i t+e ca!e. I -a7i , t+e partitio 1 t+e co--i!!io er! !+all vie0 a d e8a-i e t+e real e!tate1 after due otice to t+e partie! to atte d at !uc+ vie0 a d e8a-i atio 1 a d !+all +ear t+e partie! a! to t+eir prefere ce i t+e portio of t+e propert/ to )e !et apart to t+e- a d t+e co-parative value t+ereof1 a d !+all !et apart t+e !a-e to t+e partie! i lot! or parcel! a! 0ill )e -o!t adva ta,eou! a d e4uita)le1 +avi , due re,ard to t+e i-prove-e t!1 !ituatio a d 4ualit/ of t+e differe t part! t+ereof. "5a( Sec. 6. Assignment or sale of real estate (y commissioners. * W+e it i! -ade to appear to t+e co--i!!io er! t+at t+e real e!tate1 or a portio t+ereof1 ca ot )e divided 0it+out pre.udice to t+e i tere!t! of t+e partie!1 t+e court -a/ order it a!!i, ed to o e of t+e partie! 0illi , to ta7e t+e !a-e1 provided +e pa/! to t+e ot+er partie! !uc+ a-ou t! a! t+e co--i!!io er! dee- e4uita)le1 u le!! o e of t+e i tere!ted partie! a!7! t+at t+e propert/ )e !old i !tead of )ei , !o a!!i, ed1 i 0+ic+ ca!e t+e court !+all order t+e co--i!!io er! to !ell t+e real e!tate at pu)lic !ale u der !uc+ co ditio ! a d 0it+i !uc+ ti-e a! t+e court -a/ deter-i e. "6a( Sec. #. )eport of commissioners* proceedings not (inding until confirmed. * T+e co--i!!io er! !+all -a7e a full a d accurate report to t+e court of all t+eir proceedi ,! a! to t+e partitio 1 or t+e a!!i, -e t of real e!tate to o e of t+e partie!1 or t+e !ale of t+e
Special Civil Actions 40 !a-e. 3po t+e fili , of !uc+ report1 t+e cler7 of court !+all !erve copie! t+ereof o all t+e i tere!ted partie! 0it+ otice t+at t+e/ are allo0ed te "'9( da/! 0it+i 0+ic+ to file o).ectio ! to t+e fi di ,! of t+e report1 if t+e/ !o de!ire. No proceedi , +ad )efore or co ducted )/ t+e co--i!!io er! !+all pa!! t+e title to t+e propert/ or )i d t+e partie! u til t+e court !+all +ave accepted t+e report of t+e co--i!!io er! a d re dered .ud,-e t t+ereo . "#a( Sec. &. Action of the court upon commissioners/ report. * 3po t+e e8piratio of t+e period of te "'9( da/! referred to i t+e precedi , !ectio 1 or eve )efore t+e e8piratio of !uc+ period )ut after t+e i tere!ted partie! +ave filed t+eir o).ectio ! to t+e report or t+eir !tate-e t of a,ree-e t t+ere0it+1 t+e court -a/1 upo +eari ,1 accept t+e report a d re der .ud,-e t i accorda ce t+ere0it+: or1 for cau!e !+o0 1 reco--it t+e !a-e to t+e co--i!!io er! for furt+er report of fact!: or !et a!ide t+e report a d appoi t e0 co--i!!io er!: or accept t+e report i part a d re.ect it i part: a d -a/ -a7e !uc+ order a d re der !uc+ .ud,-e t a! !+all effectuate a fair a d .u!t partitio of t+e real e!tate1 or of it! value1 if a!!i, ed or !old a! a)ove provided1 )et0ee t+e !everal o0 er! t+ereof. "&(
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.b hear the parties as to their preference in the portion of the property to be set apart to them and the comparative value thereof .c set apart the same to the parties in lots or parcels as will be most advantageous and equitable, having due regard to +1 the improvements +2 situation and +3 quality of the different parts ." =hen the real estate, or a portion thereof, cannot be divided without pre,udice to the interests of the parties, the court may order it .a assigned to one of the parties willing to take the same, provided he pays to the other parties such amounts as the commissioners deem equitable .b sold at public sale by interested parties so asks the commissioners, if one of the
.$ 1he commissioners shall make a full and accurate report to the court of all their proceedings as to the partition, or the assignment of real estate to one of the parties, or the sale of the same.
Special Civil Actions 41 .% Apon the filing of such report, the clerk of court shall serve copies thereof on all the interested parties with notice that they are allowed 1: days within which to file ob,ections to the findings of the report, if they so desire. .& Apon the e8piration of the period of 1: days, or even before the e8piration of such period but after the interested parties have filed their ob,ections to the report or their statement of agreement therewith, the court may, upon hearing .a accept the report and render ,udgment in accordance therewith# or .b for cause shown, recommit the same to the commissioners for further report of facts# or .c set aside the report and appoint new commissioners# or .d accept the report in part and re,ect it in part# and .e may make such order and render such ,udgment as shall effectuate a fair and ,ust partition of the real estate, or of its value .( .o proceeding had before or conducted by the commissioners shall pass the title to the property or bind the parties until the court shall have accepted the report of the commissioners and rendered ,udgment thereon. Sec. ?. Accounting for rent and profits in action for partition. * I a actio for partitio i accorda ce 0it+ t+i! Rule1 a part/ !+all recover fro- a ot+er +i! .u!t !+are of re t! a d profit! received )/ !uc+ ot+er part/ fro- t+e real e!tate i 4ue!tio 1 a d t+e .ud,-e t !+all i clude a allo0a ce for !uc+ re t! a d profit!. "?a( Sec. @. Power of guardian in such proceedings. * T+e ,uardia or ,uardia ad lite- of a -i or or per!o .udiciall/ declared to )e i co-pete t -a/1 0it+ t+e approval of t+e court fir!t +ad1 do a d perfor- o )e+alf of +i! 0ard a / act1 -atter1 or t+i , re!pecti , t+e partitio of real e!tate1 0+ic+ t+e -i or or per!o .udiciall/ declared to )e i co-pete t could do i partitio proceedi ,! if +e 0ere of a,e or co-pete t. "@a( Sec. '9. $osts and expenses to (e taxed and collected. * T+e court !+all e4uita)l/ ta8 a d apportio )et0ee or a-o , t+e partie! t+e co!t! a d e8pe !e! 0+ic+ accrue i t+e actio 1 i cludi , t+e co-pe !atio of t+e co--i!!io er!1 +avi , re,ard to t+e i tere!t! of t+e partie!1 a d e8ecutio -a/ i!!ue t+erefor a! i ot+er ca!e!. "'9a( Sec. ''. %he +udgment and its effect* copy to (e recorded in registry of deeds. * If actual partitio of propert/ i! -ade1 t+e .ud,-e t !+all !tate defi itel/1 )/ -ete! a d )ou d! a d ade4uate de!criptio 1 t+e particular portio of t+e real e!tate a!!i, ed to eac+ part/1 a d t+e effect of t+e .ud,-e t !+all )e to ve!t i eac+ part/ to t+e actio i !everalt/ t+e portio of t+e real e!tate a!!i, ed to +i-. If t+e 0+ole propert/ i! a!!i, ed to o e of t+e partie! upo +i! pa/i , to t+e ot+er! t+e !u- or !u-! ordered )/ t+e court1 t+e .ud,-e t !+all !tate t+e fact of !uc+ pa/-e t a d of t+e a!!i, -e t of t+e real e!tate to t+e part/ -a7i , t+e pa/-e t1 a d t+e effect of t+e .ud,-e t !+all )e to ve!t i t+e part/ -a7i , t+e pa/-e t t+e 0+ole of t+e real e!tate free fro- a / i tere!t o t+e part of t+e ot+er partie! to t+e actio . If t+e propert/ i! !old a d t+e !ale co fir-ed )/ t+e court1 t+e .ud,-e t !+all !tate t+e a-e of t+e purc+a!er or purc+a!er! a d a defi ite de!criptio of t+e parcel! of real e!tate !old to eac+ purc+a!er1 a d t+e effect of t+e .ud,-e t !+all )e to ve!t t+e real e!tate i t+e purc+a!er or purc+a!er! -a7i , t+e pa/-e t or pa/-e t!1 free fro- t+e clai-! of a / of t+e
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Special Civil Actions 42 partie! to t+e actio . A certified cop/ of t+e .ud,-e t !+all i eit+er ca!e )e recorded i t+e re,i!tr/ of deed! of t+e place i 0+ic+ t+e real e!tate i! !ituated1 a d t+e e8pe !e! of !uc+ recordi , !+all )e ta8ed a! part of t+e co!t! of t+e actio . "''a(
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Special Civil Actions 43 ?hould the trial court find that the defendants do not dispute the status of the plaintiff as co'owner, the court can forthwith proceed to the actual partitioning of the property involved. /n case the defendants assert in their Answer e8clusive title in themselves adversely to the plaintiff, t+e court !+ould ot di!-i!! t+e plai tiffJ! actio for partitio )ut1 o t+e co trar/ a d i t+e e8erci!e of it! ,e eral .uri!dictio 1 re!olve t+e 4ue!tio of 0+et+er t+e plai tiff i! co%o0 er or ot. ?hould the trial court find that the plaintiff was unable to sustain his claimed status as co'owner, or that the defendants are or have become the sole and e8clusive owners of the property involved, t+e court 0ill ece!!aril/ +ave to di!-i!! t+e actio for partitio . 1his result would be reached, not because the wrong action was commenced by the plaintiff, but rather because the plaintiff having been unable to show co'ownership rights in himself, no basis e8ists for requiring the defendants to submit to partition the property at stake. /f, upon the other hand, the court after trial should find the e8istence of co'ownership among the parties litigant, the court may and should order the partition of the property in the same action. Gudgment for one or the other party being on the merits, the losing party may then appeal *by record on appeal because the case for partition will note be suspended and the records will be used in the trial court+ the same. /n either case, however, it is unnecessary to require the plaintiff to file another action, separate and independent from that for partition originally instituted, ,ust to determine who the co'owners are. 2unctionally, an action for partition may be seen to be at once an action for declaration of co'ownership and for segregation and conveyance of a determinate portion of the property involved. 2urthermore, no matter how long the co'ownership has lasted, a co' owner can always opt out of the co'ownership, and provided the defendant co'owners or co'heirs have theretofore e8pressly or impliedly recogniEed the co'ownership, they cannot set up as a defense the prescription of the action for partition. 7ut if the defendants show that they had previously asserted title in themselves adversely to the plaintiff and for the requisite period of time, the plaintiff5s right to require recognition of his status as a co'owner will have been lost by prescription and the court cannot issue an order requiring partition.
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Special Civil Actions 44 ,udgment which grants recovery of the ownership and possession of property in favor of one party as against the adverse claim of title of the other is in effect a final ,udgment which is appealable. =here the primary purpose of a case is to ascertain and determine who, as between plaintiff and defendant, is the true owner and entitled to the e8clusive use of the disputed property, the ,udgment rendered by the lower court is a ,udgment on the merits as to those questions, and that the order for an accounting is merely incidental to such ,udgment.
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@.=orci)le E tr/ a d 3 la0ful Detai er a.Revi!ed Rule o ).Rule &9 General procedure in e.ect-ent ca e
.1 Ierified complaint filed with the 16 within 1 year from unlawful deprivation or withholding of possession .2 Answer within 1: days from receipt of summons .3 ;reliminary conference within 3: days from answer .4 6ourt issues preliminary conference order within " days. ." ;arties submit affidavits of witnesses, other evidences and position papers within 1: days from receipt of preliminary conference order .$ 6ourt renders ,udgment within 3: days from receipt of affidavits and position papers. Sectio '. Who may institute proceedings, and when. * Su).ect to t+e provi!io ! of t+e e8t !ucceedi , !ectio 1 a per!o deprived of t+e po!!e!!io of a / la d or )uildi , )/ force1 i ti-idatio 1 t+reat1 !trate,/1 or !tealt+1 or a le!!or1 ve dor1 ve dee1 or ot+er per!o a,ai !t 0+o- t+e po!!e!!io of a / la d or )uildi , i! u la0full/ 0it++eld after t+e e8piratio or ter-i atio of t+e ri,+t to +old po!!e!!io 1 )/ virtue of a / co tract1 e8pre!! or i-plied1 or t+e le,al repre!e tative! or a!!i, ! of a / !uc+ le!!or1 ve dor1 ve dee1 or ot+er per!o 1 -a/1 at a / ti-e 0it+i o e "'( /ear after !uc+ u la0ful deprivatio or 0it++oldi , of po!!e!!io 1 )ri , a actio i t+e proper Mu icipal Trial Court a,ai !t t+e per!o or per!o ! u la0full/ 0it++oldi , or deprivi , of po!!e!!io 1 or a / per!o or per!o ! clai-i , u der t+e-1 for t+e re!titutio of !uc+ po!!e!!io 1 to,et+er 0it+ da-a,e! a d co!t!. "'a(
Su--ar/ Procedure
cf 9evised 9ule on ?ummary ;rocedure under Crdinary 6ivil Actions, 9ule "
.1 a person deprived of the possession of any land or building by force, intimidation, threat, strategy, or stealth, or *2/?1?+ .2 a lessor, vendor, vendee, or other person against whom the possession of any land or building is unlawfully withheld after the e8piration or termination of the right to hold possession, by virtue of any contract, or .3 the legal representatives or assigns of any such lessor, vendor, vendee, or other person W+e < at any time within 1 year after such unlawful deprivation or withholding of possession W+ere < before the 16
Special Civil Actions 45 Sec. $. "essor to proceed against lessee only after demand. * 3 le!! ot+er0i!e !tipulated1 !uc+ actio )/ t+e le!!or !+all )e co--e ced o l/ after de-a d to pa/ or co-pl/ 0it+ t+e co ditio ! of t+e lea!e AND to vacate i! -ade upo t+e le!!ee1 or )/ !ervi , 0ritte otice of !uc+ de-a d upo t+e per!o fou d o t+e pre-i!e!1 or )/ po!ti , !uc+ otice o t+e pre-i!e! if o per!o )e fou d t+ereo 1 a d t+e le!!ee fail! to co-pl/ t+ere0it+ after fiftee "'6( da/! i t+e ca!e of la d or five "6( da/! i t+e ca!e of )uildi ,!. "$a(
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?nle ot#er7i e tipulated, an unla7!ul detainer action *" t#e le or #all *e co--enced onl" a!ter
.1 demand .a to pay or comply with the conditions of the lease and .b to vacate .2 made either .a upon the lessee, or .b by serving written premises, or notice of upon the person found on the
.c by posting such notice on the premises if no person be found thereon .3 and the lessee fails to comply within .a 1" days in the case of land or .b " days in the case of buildings Sec. 2. Summary procedure. * E8cept i ca!e! covered )/ t+e a,ricultural te a c/ la0! or 0+e t+e la0 ot+er0i!e e8pre!!l/ provide!1 all actio ! for forci)le e tr/ a d u la0ful detai er1 irre!pective of t+e a-ou t of da-a,e! or u paid re tal! !ou,+t to )e recovered1 !+all )e ,over ed )/ t+e !u--ar/ procedure +ereu der provided. " (
All e.ect-ent action , irre pecti(e o! t#e a-ount o! da-a+e or unpaid rental ou+#t to *e reco(ered, #all *e +o(erned *" t#e u--ar" procedure, e$cept in ca e
.1 covered by the agricultural tenancy laws or .2 when the law otherwise e8pressly provides Sec. 5. Pleadings allowed. * T+e o l/ pleadi ,! allo0ed to )e filed are t+e co-plai t1 co-pul!or/ cou terclai- a d cro!!%clai- pleaded i t+e a !0er1 a d t+e a !0er! t+ereto. All pleadi ,! !+all )e verified. "2a1 RSP(
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A#e court -a", !ro- an e$a-ination o! t#e alle+ation co-plaint and uc# e(idence a -a" *e attac#ed t#ereto
in t#e
.1 dismiss the case outright on any of the grounds for the dismissal of a civil action which are apparent therein, or .2 if no ground for dismissal is found, issue summons Sec. #. Answer. * Wit+i te "'9( da/! fro- !ervice of !u--o !1 t+e defe da t !+all file +i! a !0er to t+e co-plai t a d !erve a cop/ t+ereof o t+e plai tiff. Affir-ative a d e,ative defe !e! ot pleaded t+erei !+all )e dee-ed 0aived1 e8cept lac7 of .uri!dictio over t+e !u).ect -atter. Cro!!%clai-! a d co-pul!or/ cou terclai-! ot a!!erted i t+e a !0er !+all )e co !idered )arred. T+e a !0er to cou terclai-! or cro!!%clai-! !+all )e !erved a d filed 0it+i te "'9( da/! fro- !ervice of t+e a !0er i 0+ic+ t+e/ are pleaded. "61 RSP(
An 7er
.1 =ithin 1: days from service of summons .2 served a copy on the plaintiff .3 defenses not pleaded are waived, e8cept lack of ,urisdiction over the sub,ect matter .4 6ross'claims and compulsory counterclaims not asserted are barred. ." 1he answer to counterclaims or cross'claims shall be served and filed within 1: days from service of the answer in which they are pleaded. Sec. &. 'ffect of failure to answer. * S+ould t+e defe da t fail to a !0er t+e co-plai t 0it+i t+e period a)ove provided1 t+e court1 -otu proprio or o -otio of t+e plai tiff1 !+all re der .ud,-e t a! -a/ )e 0arra ted )/ t+e fact! alle,ed i t+e co-plai t a d li-ited to 0+at i! pra/ed for t+erei . T+e court -a/ i it! di!cretio reduce t+e a-ou t of da-a,e! a d attor e/F! fee! clai-ed for )ei , e8ce!!ive or ot+er0i!e u co !cio a)le1 0it+out pre.udice to t+e applica)ilit/ of !ectio 2 "c(1 Rule @ if t+ere are t0o or -ore defe da t!. "#1 RSP( cf Rule @1 Sec. 2 "c(
*c+ &ffect of artial common cause of action and the others fail to the answers thus filed 91&+ default.M =hen a pleading asserting a claim states a against several defending parties, some of whom answer do so, the court shall try the case against all upon and render ,udgment upon the evidence presented. *4a,
Special Civil Actions 47 defe da t 0+o appear! i t+e a)!e ce of t+e plai tiff !+all )e e titled to .ud,-e t o +i! cou terclai- i accorda ce 0it+ t+e e8t precedi , !ectio . All cro!!%clai-! !+all )e di!-i!!ed. "&1 RSP( If a !ole defe da t !+all fail to appear1 t+e plai tiff !+all li7e0i!e )e e titled to .ud,-e t i accorda ce 0it+ t+e e8t precedi , !ectio . T+i! procedure !+all ot appl/ 0+ere o e of t0o or -ore defe da t! !ued u der a co--o cau!e of actio 0+o +ad pleaded a co--o defe !e !+all appear at t+e preli-i ar/ co fere ce. No po!tpo e-e t of t+e preli-i ar/ co fere ce !+all )e ,ra ted e8cept for +i,+l/ -eritoriou! ,rou d! a d 0it+out pre.udice to !uc+ !a ctio ! a! t+e court i t+e e8erci!e of !ou d di!cretio -a/ i-po!e o t+e -ova t. " ( =ithin 3: days after the conference shall be held. last answer is filed, a preliminary
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.o postponement of the preliminary conference shall be granted e8cept for highly meritorious grounds and without pre,udice to such sanctions as the court in the e8ercise of sound discretion may impose on the movant. Sec. @. )ecord of preliminary conference. * Wit+i five "6( da/! after t+e ter-i atio of t+e preli-i ar/ co fere ce1 t+e court !+all i!!ue a order !tati , t+e -atter! ta7e up t+erei 1 i cludi , )ut ot li-ited toE 2. W+et+er t+e partie! +ave arrived at a a d if !o1 t+e ter-! t+ereof: a-ica)le !ettle-e t1
5. T+e !tipulatio ! or ad-i!!io ! e tered i to )/ t+e partie!: 6. W+et+er1 o t+e )a!i! of t+e pleadi ,! a d t+e !tipulatio ! a d ad-i!!io ! -ade )/ t+e partie!1 .ud,-e t -a/ )e re dered 0it+out t+e eed of furt+er proceedi ,!1 i 0+ic+ eve t t+e .ud,-e t !+all )e re dered 0it+i t+irt/ "29( da/! froi!!ua ce of t+e order: #. A clear !pecificatio co troverted: a d of -aterial fact! 0+ic+ re-ai of t+e
&. Suc+ ot+er -atter! i te ded to e8pedite t+e di!po!itio ca!e. "?1 RSP(
=ithin " days after the termination of the preliminary conference, the court shall issue an order stating the matters taken up therein. Sec. '9. Su(mission of affida#its and position papers. * Wit+i te "'9( da/! fro- receipt of t+e order -e tio ed i t+e e8t precedi , !ectio 1 t+e partie! !+all !u)-it t+e affidavit! of t+eir 0it e!!e! a d ot+er evide ce o t+e factual i!!ue! defi ed i t+e order1 to,et+er 0it+ t+eir po!itio paper! !etti , fort+ t+e la0 a d t+e fact! relied upo )/ t+e-. "@1 RSP(
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0it#in 1, da" !ro- receipt o! t#e preli-inar" con!erence order, t#e partie #all u*-it
.1 the affidavits of their witnesses .2 other evidence on the factual issues defined in the order .3 their position papers setting forth the law and the facts relied upon by them. Sec. ''. Period for rendition of +udgment. * Wit+i t+irt/ "29( da/! after receipt of t+e affidavit! a d po!itio paper!1 or t+e e8piratio of t+e period for fili , t+e !a-e1 t+e court !+all re der .ud,-e t. Do0ever1 !+ould t+e court fi d it ece!!ar/ to clarif/ certai -aterial fact!1 it -a/1 duri , t+e !aid period1 i!!ue a order !pecif/i , t+e -atter! to )e clarified1 a d re4uire t+e partie! to !u)-it affidavit! or ot+er evide ce o t+e !aid -atter! 0it+i te "'9( da/! fro- receipt of !aid order. <ud,-e t !+all )e re dered 0it+i fiftee "'6( da/! after t+e receipt of t+e la!t affidavit or t+e e8piratio of t+e period for fili , t+e !a-e. T+e court !+all ot re!ort to t+e fore,oi , procedure .u!t to ,ai ti-e for t+e re ditio of t+e .ud,-e t. " ( =ithin 3: days after receipt of the affidavits and position papers, or the e8piration of the period for filing the same, the court shall render ,udgment. 0owever, should the court find it necessary to clarify certain material facts, it may, during the said period, issue an order specifying the matters to be clarified, and require the parties to submit affidavits or other evidence on the said matters within 1: days from receipt of said order. Gudgment shall be rendered within 1" days after the receipt of the last affidavit or the e8piration of the period for filing the same. 1he court shall not resort to the foregoing procedure ,ust to gain time for the rendition of the ,udgment. Sec. '$. )eferral for conciliation. * Ca!e! re4uiri , referral for co ciliatio 1 0+ere t+ere i! o !+o0i , of co-plia ce 0it+ !uc+ re4uire-e t1 !+all )e di!-i!!ed 0it+out pre.udice1 a d -a/ )e revived o l/ after t+at re4uire-e t !+all +ave )ee co-plied 0it+. "'?a1 RSP( =here there was no N7 proceedings when required, the e,ectment case shall be dismissed without pre,udice. Sec. '2. Prohi(ited pleadings and motions. * petitio !1 -otio !1 or pleadi ,! !+all ot )e allo0edE T+e follo0i ,
'. Motio to di!-i!! t+e co-plai t e8cept o t+e ,rou d of lac7 of .uri!dictio over t+e !u).ect -atter1 or failure to co-pl/ 0it+ !ectio '$: $. Motio for a )ill of particular!: of a .ud,-e t1 2. Motio for e0 trial1 or for reco !ideratio or for reope i , of trial: 5. Petitio for relief fro- .ud,-e t: of ti-e to file pleadi ,!1 affidavit! or 6. Motio for e8te !io a / ot+er paper: #. Me-ora da: &. Petitio for certiorari1 -a da-u!1 or pro+i)itio i terlocutor/ order i!!ued )/ t+e court: a,ai !t a /
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default:
@. Dilator/ -otio ! for po!tpo e-e t: ''. T+ird%part/ co-plai t!: '$. I terve tio !. "'@a1 RSP(
=$ception> Bn +round o!
.1 lack of ,urisdiction over sub,ect matter .2 failure to resort to required conciliation proceedings Sec. '5. Affida#its. * T+e affidavit! re4uired to )e !u)-itted u der t+i! Rule !+all !tate o l/ fact! of direct per!o al 7 o0led,e of t+e affia t! 0+ic+ are ad-i!!i)le i evide ce1 a d !+all !+o0 t+eir co-pete ce to te!tif/ to t+e -atter! !tated t+erei . A violatio of t+i! re4uire-e t -a/ !u).ect t+e part/ or t+e cou !el 0+o !u)-it! t+e !a-e to di!cipli ar/ actio 1 a d !+all )e cau!e to e8pu ,e t+e i ad-i!!i)le affidavit or portio t+ereof frot+e record. "$91 RSP(
Special Civil Actions 50 A possessor deprived of his possession through forcible entry or unlawful detainer may, within " days from the filing of the complaint, ask for preliminary mandatory in,unction in the e,ectment action to restore him in his possession. 1he court shall decide the motion within 3: days from the filing thereof. .ote that the court e,ectment cases. may now grant preliminary in,unction in all
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Sec. '#. )esol#ing defense of ownership. * W+e t+e defe da t rai!e! t+e defe !e of o0 er!+ip i +i! pleadi ,! a d t+e 4ue!tio of po!!e!!io ca ot )e re!olved 0it+out decidi , t+e i!!ue of o0 er!+ip1 t+e i!!ue of o0 er!+ip !+all )e re!olved o l/ to deter-i e t+e i!!ue of po!!e!!io . "5a( 1he 16 can determine ownership only provisionally. Sec. '&. -udgment. * If after trial t+e court fi d! t+at t+e alle,atio ! of t+e co-plai t are true1 it !+all re der .ud,-e t i favor of t+e plai tiff for t+e re!titutio of t+e pre-i!e!1 t+e !u.u!tl/ due a! arrear! of re t or a! rea!o a)le co-pe !atio for t+e u!e a d occupatio of t+e pre-i!e!1 attor e/F! fee! a d co!t!. If it fi d! t+at !aid alle,atio ! are ot true1 it !+all re der .ud,-e t for t+e defe da t to recover +i! co!t!. If a cou terclai- i! e!ta)li!+ed1 t+e court !+all re der .ud,-e t for t+e !u- fou d i arrear! fro- eit+er part/ a d a0ard co!t! a! .u!tice re4uire!. "#a(
I! a!ter trial t#e court !ind t#at t#e alle+ation o! t#e co-plaint are true, it #all render .ud+-ent in !a(or o! t#e plainti!! !or
.1 the restitution of the premises .2 the sum ,ustly due as .a arrears of rent or .b reasonable premises compensation for the use and occupation of the
.3 attorney5s fees and costs /f it finds that said allegations are not true, it shall render ,udgment for the defendant to recover his costs. /f a counterclaim is established, the court shall render ,udgment for the sum found in arrears from either party and award costs as ,ustice requires. Sec. '?. -udgment conclusi#e only on possession* not conclusi#e in actions in#ol#ing title or ownership. * T+e .ud,-e t re dered i a actio for forci)le e tr/ or detai er !+all )e co clu!ive 0it+ re!pect to t+e po!!e!!io o l/ a d !+all i o 0i!e )i d t+e title or affect t+e o0 er!+ip of t+e la d or )uildi ,. Suc+ .ud,-e t !+all ot )ar a actio )et0ee t+e !a-e partie! re!pecti , title to t+e la d or )uildi ,. T+e .ud,-e t or fi al order !+all )e appeala)le to t+e appropriate Re,io al Trial Court 0+ic+ !+all decide t+e !a-e o t+e )a!i! of t+e e tire record of t+e proceedi ,! +ad i t+e court of ori,i a d !uc+ -e-ora da a dGor )rief! a! -a/ )e !u)-itted )/ t+e partie! or re4uired )/ t+e Re,io al Trial Court. "&a( Sec. '@. 2mmediate execution of +udgment* how to stay same. * If .ud,-e t i! re dered a,ai !t t+e defe da t1 e8ecutio !+all i!!ue i--ediatel/ upo -otio 1 u le!! a appeal +a! )ee perfected a d t+e defe da t to !ta/ e8ecutio file! a !ufficie t !uper!edea! )o d1 approved )/ t+e Mu icipal Trial Court a d e8ecuted i favor of t+e plai tiff to pa/ t+e re t!1 da-a,e!1 a d co!t! accrui , do0 to t+e
Special Civil Actions 51 ti-e of t+e .ud,-e t appealed fro-1 a d u le!!1 duri , t+e pe de c/ of t+e appeal1 +e depo!it! 0it+ t+e appellate court t+e a-ou t of re t due fro- ti-e to ti-e u der t+e co tract1 if a /1 a! deter-i ed )/ t+e .ud,-e t of t+e Mu icipal Trial Court. I t+e a)!e ce of a co tract1 +e !+all depo!it 0it+ t+e Re,io al Trial Court t+e rea!o a)le value of t+e u!e a d occupatio of t+e pre-i!e! for t+e precedi , -o t+ or period at t+e rate deter-i ed )/ t+e .ud,-e t of t+e lo0er court o or )efore t+e te t+ da/ of eac+ !ucceedi , -o t+ or period. T+e !uper!edea! )o d !+all )e tra !-itted )/ t+e Mu icipal Trial Court1 0it+ t+e ot+er paper!1 to t+e cler7 of t+e Re,io al Trial Court to 0+ic+ t+e actio i! appealed. All a-ou t! !o paid to t+e appellate court !+all )e depo!ited 0it+ !aid court or aut+oriBed ,over -e t depo!itar/ )a 71 a d !+all )e +eld t+ere u til t+e fi al di!po!itio of t+e appeal1 u le!! t+e court1 )/ a,ree-e t of t+e i tere!ted partie!1 or i t+e a)!e ce of rea!o a)le ,rou d! of oppo!itio to a -otio to 0it+dra01 or for .u!tifia)le rea!o !1 !+all decree ot+er0i!e. S+ould t+e defe da t fail to -a7e t+e pa/-e t! a)ove pre!cri)ed fro- ti-e to ti-e duri , t+e pe de c/ of t+e appeal1 t+e appellate court1 upo -otio of t+e plai tiff1 a d upo proof of !uc+ failure1 !+all order t+e e8ecutio of t+e .ud,-e t appealed fro- 0it+ re!pect to t+e re!toratio of po!!e!!io 1 )ut !uc+ e8ecutio !+all ot )e a )ar to t+e appeal ta7i , it! cour!e u til t+e fi al di!po!itio t+ereof o t+e -erit!. After t+e ca!e i! decided )/ t+e Re,io al Trial Court1 a / -o e/ paid to t+e court )/ t+e defe da t for purpo!e! of t+e !ta/ of e8ecutio !+all )e di!po!ed of i accorda ce 0it+ t+e provi!io ! of t+e .ud,-e t of t+e Re,io al Trial Court. I a / ca!e 0+erei it appear! t+at t+e defe da t +a! )ee deprived of t+e la0ful po!!e!!io of la d or )uildi , pe di , t+e appeal )/ virtue of t+e e8ecutio of t+e .ud,-e t of t+e Mu icipal Trial Court1 da-a,e! for !uc+ deprivatio of po!!e!!io a d re!toratio of po!!e!!io -a/ )e allo0ed t+e defe da t i t+e .ud,-e t of t+e Re,io al Trial Court di!po!i , of t+e appeal. "?a(
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I! .ud+-ent i rendered +rantin+ e.ect-ent, e$ecution #all i ue i--ediatel" upon -otion, unle
.1 an appeal has been perfected and .2 the defendant to stay e8ecution files a sufficient supersedeas bond .a approved by the unicipal 1rial 6ourt and .b e8ecuted in favor of the plaintiff to pay the rents, damages, and costs accruing down to the time of the ,udgment appealed from .c 1he supersedeas bond shall be transmitted by the 16, with the other papers, to the clerk of the 916 to which the action is appealed. .3 and, during the pendency of the appeal, he deposits appellate court the amount of rent due from time to time with the
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Special Civil Actions 52 .a under the contract, if any, as determined by the ,udgment of the 16 .b /n the absence of a contract, he shall deposit with the 916 the reasonable value of the use and occupation of the premises for the preceding month or period at the rate determined by the ,udgment of the lower court on or before the 1:th day of each succeeding month or period. .c All amounts so paid to the appellate court shall be deposited with said court or authoriEed government depositary bank, and shall be held there until the final disposition of the appeal, unless the court shall decree otherwise +1 by agreement of the interested parties, or +2 in the absence of reasonable grounds of opposition to a motion to withdraw, or +3 for ,ustifiable reasons .d ?hould the defendant fail to make the payments above prescribed from time to time during the pendency of the appeal, the appellate court shall order the e8ecution of the ,udgment appealed from with respect to the restoration of possession *but such e8ecution shall not be a bar to the appeal taking its course until the final disposition thereof on the merits+ +1 upon motion of the plaintiff, and +2 upon proof of such failure .e After the case is decided by the 916, any money paid to the court by the defendant for purposes of the stay of e8ecution shall be disposed of in accordance with the provisions of the ,udgment of the 916. .f /n any case wherein it appears that the defendant has been deprived of the lawful possession of land or building pending the appeal by virtue of the e8ecution of the ,udgment of the 16, damages for such deprivation of possession and restoration of possession may be allowed the defendant in the ,udgment of the 916 disposing of the appeal.
Sec. $9. Preliminary mandatory in+unction in case of appeal. * 3po -otio of t+e plai tiff1 0it+i te "'9( da/! fro- t+e perfectio of t+e appeal to t+e Re,io al Trial Court1 t+e latter -a/ i!!ue a 0rit of preli-i ar/ -a dator/ i .u ctio to re!tore t+e plai tiff i po!!e!!io if t+e court i! !ati!fied t+at t+e defe da tF! appeal i! frivolou! or dilator/1 or t+at t+e appeal of t+e plai tiff i! pri-a facie -eritoriou!. "@a(
Ground !or re toration *" t#e RAC o! po e ion to t#e plainti!! pendin+ appeal *e!ore t#e RAC
.1 defendant5s appeal is frivolous or dilatory, or .2 appeal of the plaintiff is prima facie meritorious. Sec. Supreme defe da furt+er $'. 2mmediate execution $ourt. * T+e .ud,-e t of t !+all )e i--ediatel/ appeal t+at -a/ )e ta7e on appeal to $ourt of Appeals or t+e Re,io al Trial Court a,ai !t t+e e8ecutor/1 0it+out pre.udice to a t+erefro-. "'9a(
1he ,udgment of the 916 against the defendant shall be immediately e8ecutory even pending appeal. Note3 / think this is still sub,ect to the power of the appellate court to order stay of e8ecution.
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Special Civil Actions 54 months later. Bessee asserts lessor5s action was filed beyond the 1 year period prescribed by law. DeldE 1 year period to file complaint for unlawful detainer should be counted from the last demand letter to vacate. D,ectment action has not yet prescribed. 2urthermore, an alternative in the letter )to pay the increased rental C9 vacate- is not the demand contemplated by the rules. /t should be )pay A.! vacate- not )pay C9 vacate-.
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Special Civil Actions 55 6ertification by the barangay captain is not conclusive as to such prior demand, only that there was no settlement reached. Note3 /f the demand is to pay back rentals only, there is no cause of action for e,ectment, only a cause of action for collection of back rentals. /n such a case, the amount of back rentals demanded is relevant in determining ,urisdiction because the action is now a simple collection case. 9ule %: ?ec. 2 requires demand to both pay back rentals and to vacate for a cause of action in an e,ectment case to arise.
?ec. 2. (essor to roceed against lessee only after demand. M Anless otherwise stipulated, such action by the lessor shall be commenced only after demand to pay or comply with the conditions of the lease and to vacate is made upon the lessee, 888. *2a+
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0ence, if there was prior demand to vacate and pay back rentals, the 16 has e8clusive ,urisdiction over the e,ectment case regardless of the amount of incidental back rentals.
San Manuel v. &upas, &49 SCRA 466 (1995) A' 'AD39%389& &5Bct95
)A good reason- *as required in e8ecution pending appeal in ordinary cases+ is not necessary for e8ecution pending appeal in e,ectment cases because it is e8pressly made immediately e8ecutory by the 9ules. 2ailure of an appealing e,ectment defendant to make a periodic deposit of rentals pending appeal results in e8ecution pending appeal.
Special Civil Actions 56 contract calls for such payment. Cnly payment within the first 1: days of the month is sanctioned by the rules. de Beon3 .ote that if the 16 orders monthly payment less than the first 1: days of the month, the appellant need not comply with such period, but he still must pay within the first 1: days of the month.
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'9. Co te-pt
DIRECT CONTEMPT .ot need to have written charge ?ummary ,udgment .ot appealable# special civil INDIRECT CONTEMPT ust have formal written charge or verified complaint 0earing is mandatory only remedy is Appealable by notice of appeal action for
Special Civil Actions certiorari or prohibition ;unished up to ;2,::: fine andLor 1: day imprisonment if committed against superior courts# ;2:: andLor 1 day if committed against lower courts
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;unished up to ;3:,::: fine andLor $ months imprisonment if committed against superior courts# ;",::: andLor 1 month if committed against lower courts
a.Rule &'
4eneral ;rocedure in 6ontempt Sectio '. Direct contempt punished summarily. * A per!o ,uilt/ of -i!)e+avior i t+e pre!e ce of or !o ear a court a! to o)!truct or i terrupt t+e proceedi ,! )efore t+e !a-e1 i cludi , di!re!pect to0ard t+e court1 offe !ive per!o alitie! to0ard ot+er!1 or refu!al to )e !0or or to a !0er a! a 0it e!!1 or to !u)!cri)e a affidavit or depo!itio 0+e la0full/ re4uired to do !o1 -a/ )e !u--aril/ ad.ud,ed i co te-pt )/ !uc+ court a d pu i!+ed )/ a fi e ot e8ceedi , t0o t+ou!a d pe!o! or i-pri!o -e t ot e8ceedi , te "'9( da/!1 or )ot+1 if it )e a Re,io al Trial Court or a court of e4uivale t or +i,+er ra 71 or )/ a fi e ot e8ceedi , t0o +u dred pe!o! or i-pri!o -e t ot e8ceedi , o e "'( da/1 or )ot+1 if it )e a lo0er court. "'a(
@irect Conte-pt
< misbehavior in the presence of or so near a court as to obstruct or interrupt the proceedings before the same including .1 disrespect toward the court .2 offensive personalities toward others, or .3 refusal to be sworn or to answer as a witness .4 refusal to subscribe required to do so an affidavit or deposition when lawfully
Special Civil Actions 58 Note3 .ote that a conviction for direct contempt is an e8ception to the general rule that special civil action for certiorari does not stay e8ecution. Sec. 2. 2ndirect contempt to (e punished after charge and hearing. * After a c+ar,e i 0riti , +a! )ee filed1 a d a opportu it/ ,ive to t+e re!po de t to co--e t t+ereo 0it+i !uc+ period a! -a/ )e fi8ed )/ t+e court a d to )e +eard )/ +i-!elf or cou !el1 a per!o ,uilt/ of a / of t+e follo0i , act! -a/ )e pu i!+ed for i direct co te-ptE "a( ")( Mi!)e+avior of a officer of a court i t+e perfor-a ce of +i! official dutie! or i +i! official tra !actio !: Di!o)edie ce of or re!i!ta ce to a la0ful 0rit1 proce!!1 order1 or .ud,-e t of a court1 i cludi , t+e act of a per!o 0+o1 after )ei , di!po!!e!!ed or e.ected fro- a / real propert/ )/ t+e .ud,-e t or proce!! of a / court of co-pete t .uri!dictio 1 e ter! or atte-pt! or i duce! a ot+er to e ter i to or upo !uc+ real propert/1 for t+e purpo!e of e8ecuti , act! of o0 er!+ip or po!!e!!io 1 or i a / -a er di!tur)! t+e po!!e!!io ,ive to t+e per!o ad.ud,ed to )e e titled t+ereto: A / a)u!e of or a / u la0ful i terfere ce 0it+ t+e proce!!e! or proceedi ,! of a court ot co !tituti , direct co te-pt u der !ectio ' of t+i! Rule: A / i-proper co duct te di ,1 directl/ or i directl/1 i-pede1 o)!truct1 or de,rade t+e ad-i i!tratio of .u!tice: A!!u-i , to )e a attor e/ or a acti , a! !uc+ 0it+out aut+orit/: to
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officer of a court1 a d
=ailure to o)e/ a !u)poe a dul/ !erved: T+e re!cue1 or atte-pted re!cue1 of a per!o or propert/ i t+e cu!tod/ of a officer )/ virtue of a order or proce!! of a court +eld )/ +i-.
>ut ot+i , i t+i! !ectio !+all )e !o co !trued a! to preve t t+e court fro- i!!ui , proce!! to )ri , t+e re!po de t i to court1 or fro- +oldi , +i- i cu!tod/ pe di , !uc+ proceedi ,!. "2a( .ote that in indirect contempt, a written charge must be filed, and a hearing conducted. 7ut the court may order the arrest of the respondent and to detain him pending the contempt proceedings.
impede,
." assuming to be an attorney or an officer of a court, and acting as such without authority# .$ failure to obey a subpoena duly served# .% the rescue, or attempted rescue, of a person or property in the custody of an officer by virtue of an order or process of a court held by him.
Special Civil Actions 59 .ote that a losing party in an e,ectment case does not commit contempt by mere refusal to leave the premises. 7ut if such party had been dispossessed pursuant to a court order, but subsequently disturbs the possession of the prevailing party, he now commits contempt. cf Rule 2@1 Sec. '9 "c(
?ec. 1:. &xecution of judgments for s ecific act. M *c+ 'elivery or restitution of real ro erty. M 1he officer shall demand of the person against whom the ,udgment for the delivery or restitution of real property is rendered and all person claiming rights under him to peaceably vacate the property within three *3+ working days, and restore possession thereof to the ,udgment obligee# otherwise, the officer shall oust and such persons therefrom with the assistance, if necessary of appropriate peace officers, and employing such means as may be reasonably necessary to retake possession, and place the ,udgment obligee in possession of such property. Any costs, damages, rents or profits awarded by the ,udgment shall be satisfied in the same manner as a ,udgment for money. *13a+
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Sec. 5. 1ow proceedings commenced. * Proceedi ,! for i direct co te-pt -a/ )e i itiated -otu proprio )/ t+e court a,ai !t 0+ic+ t+e co te-pt 0a! co--itted )/ a order or a / ot+er for-al c+ar,e re4uiri , t+e re!po de t to !+o0 cau!e 0+/ +e !+ould ot )e pu i!+ed for co te-pt. I all ot+er ca!e!1 c+ar,e! for i direct co te-pt !+all )e co--e ced )/ a verified petitio 0it+ !upporti , particular! a d certified true copie! of docu-e t! or paper! i volved t+erei 1 a d upo full co-plia ce 0it+ t+e re4uire-e t! for fili , i itiator/ pleadi ,! for civil actio ! i t+e court co cer ed. If t+e co te-pt c+ar,e! aro!e out of or are related to a pri cipal actio pe di , i t+e court1 t+e petitio for co te-pt !+all alle,e t+at fact )ut !aid petitio !+all )e doc7eted1 +eard a d decided !eparatel/1 u le!! t+e court i it! di!cretio order! t+e co !olidatio of t+e co te-pt c+ar,e a d t+e pri cipal actio for .oi t +eari , a d deci!io . " (
+2 upon full compliance with the requirements for filing initiatory pleadings for civil actions in the court concerned. +3 Allegation that the contempt charges arose out related to a principal action pending in the court .2 an opportunity given to the respondent to .a comment thereon within such period as may be fi8ed by the court and .b be heard by himself or counsel .3 petition shall be docketed, heard and decided separately, unless the court in its discretion orders the consolidation of the contempt charge and the principal action for ,oint hearing and decision. of or are
Special Civil Actions 60 .4 the court can issue process to bring the respondent into court, or hold him in custody pending the indirect contempt proceedings SEC. 6. Where charge to (e filed. % W+ere t+e c+ar,e for i direct co te-pt +a! )ee co--itted a,ai !t a Re,io al Trial Court or a court of e4uivale t or +i,+er ra 71 or a,ai !t a officer appoi ted )/ it1 t+e c+ar,e -a/ )e filed 0it+ !uc+ court. W+ere !uc+ co te-pt +a! )ee co--itted a,ai !t a lo0er court1 t+e c+ar,e -a/ )e filed 0it+ t+e Re,io al Trial Court of t+e place i 0+ic+ t+e lo0er court i! !itti ,: )ut t+e proceedi ,! -a/ al!o )e i !tituted i !uc+ lo0er court !u).ect to appeal to t+e Re,io al Trial Court of !uc+ place i t+e !a-e -a er a! provided i !ectio '' of t+i! Rule. "5a(
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I! t#e #earin+ i not ordered to *e #ad !ort#7it#, t#e re pondent -a" *e relea ed !ro- cu tod" upon !ilin+ a *ond
.1 in an amount fi8ed by the court .2 for his appearance at the hearing of the charge 1he court shall proceed to investigate the charge and consider such comment, testimony or defense as the respondent may make or offer. Sec. &. Punishment for indirect contempt. * If t+e re!po de t i! ad.ud,ed ,uilt/ of i direct co te-pt co--itted a,ai !t a Re,io al Trial Court or a court of e4uivale t or +i,+er ra 71 +e -a/ )e pu i!+ed )/ a fi e ot e8ceedi , t+irt/ t+ou!a d pe!o! or i-pri!o -e t ot e8ceedi , !i8 "#( -o t+!1 or )ot+. If +e i! ad.ud,ed ,uilt/ of co te-pt co--itted a,ai !t a lo0er court1 +e -a/ )e pu i!+ed )/ a fi e ot e8ceedi , five t+ou!a d pe!o! or i-pri!o -e t ot e8ceedi , o e "'( -o t+1 or )ot+. If t+e co te-pt co !i!t! i t+e violatio of a 0rit of i .u ctio 1 te-porar/ re!trai i , order or !tatu! 4uo order1 +e -a/ al!o )e ordered to -a7e co-plete re!titutio to t+e part/ i .ured )/ !uc+ violatio of t+e propert/ i volved or !uc+ a-ou t a! -a/ )e alle,ed a d proved. T+e 0rit of e8ecutio 1 a! i ordi ar/ civil actio !1 !+all i!!ue for t+e e force-e t of a .ud,-e t i-po!i , a fi e u le!! t+e court ot+er0i!e provide!. "#a( Sec. ?. 2mprisonment until order o(eyed. * W+e t+e co te-pt co !i!t! i t+e refu!al or o-i!!io to do a act 0+ic+ i! /et i t+e po0er of t+e re!po de t to perfor-1 +e -a/ )e i-pri!o ed )/ order of t+e court co cer ed u til +e perfor-! it. "&a(
Special Civil Actions 61 .2 committed against a lower court < a fine not e8ceeding ;",::: or imprisonment not e8ceeding 1 month, or both. .3 consisting of violation of a writ of in,unction, 19C or status quo order < complete restitution to the party in,ured .4 refusal or omission to do an act which is yet in the power of the respondent to perform < imprisonment until he performs it 1he writ of e8ecution, as in ordinary civil actions, shall issue for the enforcement of a ,udgment imposing a fine unless the court otherwise provides. Sec. @. Proceeding when party released on (ail fails to answer. * W+e a re!po de t relea!ed o )ail fail! to appear o t+e da/ fi8ed for t+e +eari ,1 t+e court -a/ i!!ue a ot+er order of arre!t or -a/ order t+e )o d for +i! appeara ce to )e forfeited a d co fi!cated1 or )ot+: a d1 if t+e )o d )e proceeded a,ai !t1 t+e -ea!ure of da-a,e! !+all )e t+e e8te t of t+e lo!! or i .ur/ !u!tai ed )/ t+e a,,rieved part/ )/ rea!o of t+e -i!co duct for 0+ic+ t+e co te-pt c+ar,e 0a! pro!ecuted1 0it+ t+e co!t! of t+e proceedi ,!1 a d !uc+ recover/ !+all )e for t+e )e efit of t+e part/ i .ured. If t+ere i! o a,,rieved part/1 t+e )o d !+all )e lia)le a d di!po!ed of a! i cri-i al ca!e!. "?a(
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0#en a re pondent relea ed on *ail !ail to appear on t#e da" !i$ed !or t#e #earin+, t#e court -a"
.1 issue another order of arrest andLor .2 may order the confiscated bond for his appearance to be forfeited and
.a the measure of damages shall be the e8tent of the loss or in,ury sustained by the aggrieved party by reason of the misconduct for which the contempt charge was prosecuted, with the costs of the proceedings, and such recovery shall be for the benefit of the party in,ured. .b /f there is no aggrieved party, the bond shall be liable and disposed of as in criminal cases. Sec. '9. $ourt may release respondent. * T+e court 0+ic+ i!!ued t+e order i-pri!o i , a per!o for co te-pt -a/ di!c+ar,e +i- froi-pri!o -e t 0+e it appear! t+at pu)lic i tere!t 0ill ot )e pre.udiced )/ +i! relea!e. "@a( 1he court which issued the order imprisoning a person for contempt may discharge him from imprisonment when it appears that public interest will not be pre,udiced by his release. Sec. ''. )e#iew of +udgment or final order* (ond for stay. * T+e .ud,-e t or fi al order of a court i a ca!e of i direct co te-pt -a/ )e appealed to t+e proper court a! i cri-i al ca!e!. >ut e8ecutio of t+e .ud,-e t or fi al order !+all ot )e !u!pe ded u til a )o d i! filed )/ t+e per!o ad.ud,ed i co te-pt1 i a a-ou t fi8ed )/ t+e court fro- 0+ic+ t+e appeal i! ta7e 1 co ditio ed t+at if t+e appeal )e decided a,ai !t +i- +e 0ill a)ide )/ a d perfor- t+e .ud,-e t or fi al order. "'9a(
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Special Civil Actions 62 .b conditioned that if the appeal be decided against him he will abide by and perform the ,udgment or final order
.ote that in both direct and indirect contempts, e8ecution pending appeal is stayed only by posting a bond even if the modes of appeal are different. Sec.'$. $ontempt against 3uasi4+udicial entities. * 3 le!! ot+er0i!e provided )/ la01 t+i! Rule !+all appl/ to co te-pt co--itted a,ai !t per!o !1 e titie!1 )odie! or a,e cie! e8erci!i , 4ua!i%.udicial fu ctio !1 or !+all +ave !uppletor/ effect to !uc+ rule! a! t+e/ -a/ +ave adopted pur!ua t to aut+orit/ ,ra ted to t+e)/ la0 to pu i!+ for co te-pt. T+e Re,io al Trial Court of t+e place 0+erei t+e co te-pt +a! )ee co--itted !+all +ave .uri!dictio over !uc+ c+ar,e! a! -a/ )e filed t+erefor. " ( 916 has ,urisdiction over contempt committed against quasi',udicial entities.
NOTEE T+e po0er to pu i!+ co te-pt !+ould )e e8erci!ed o t+e pre!ervative a d ot o t+e vi dictive pri ciple 0it+ t+e corrective rat+er t+a t+e retaliator/ idea of pu i!+-e t.
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63
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64
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/n her administrative complaint, 7arrete alleged that she had requested the ?heriff to give her up to the end of Guly to pack her things and look for a new place, for her and her 3 children, to stay in. 7arrete then left for 1agbilaran 6ity. eanwhile, on :&Gul(2, the ?heriff locked up the sub,ect house with 7arreteFs things still in it. Apon her return, 7arrete entered said house by passing through two *2+ wooden ,alousie blades, to continue packing her things. /t was in the early morning of 2"Gul(2 that 7arrete was arrested in the sub,ect house and with her three *3+ minor children, was detained at the unicipal Gail of 7atuan, 7ohol, until 2&Gul(2. 7arrete avers that her arrest and detention without according her a day in court constituted a flagrant violation of her right to due process. 9espondent Gudge alleges that after the motion to declare 7arrete in contempt was filed, he conducted an ocular inspection of the sub,ect house on 23Gul(2, only to find out that 7arrete had indeed not vacated the same. 2or 7arreteFs disobedience, he issued an Crder for her arrest. 0owever, respondent Gudge ordered her release right after complainant promised to vacate the premises. 9espondent Gudge argues that 7arreteFs acts constituted direct contempt and the order for her arrest was made to save Guanita 7ungabong from further irreparable harm and to protect the image of the 6ourt from degradation. Gudge Amila further maintains that if 7arrete were charged with indirect contempt, she would have been imprisoned for not more than one *1+ month, which would be more burdensome on her. 1herefore, his questioned order was beneficial to plaintiff 7ungabong and herein complaint 7arrete. DELDE 1he mere refusal or unwillingness on the part of the losing party in an e,ectment case to vacate the property did not constitute contempt. 1he writ of possession was directed not to the losing party, but to the ?heriff, who was to deliver the properties to the prevailing party. As the writ did not command the losing party to do anything, the losing party could not be held guilty of disobedience of or resistance to a lawful writ, process, order, ,udgment or command of a court. oreover, the losing party could not be punished for contempt for )disobedience of or resistance to the ,udgment of the trial court- because said ,udgment was not a special ,udgment. =hen the ,udgment requires the delivery of real property, any contempt proceeding arising therefrom must be based on )act of a person who, after being dispossessed or e,ected from any real property by the ,udgment or process of any court of competent ,urisdiction, enters or attempts or induces another to enter into or upon such real property, for the purpose of e8ecuting acts of ownership or possession, or in any manner disturbs the possession given to the person ad,udged to be entitled thereto- and not on Jthe disobedience of or resistance to a lawful writ, process, order, ,udgment, or command of a court, or in,unction granted by a court or ,udge.J