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Hello, fellows! Ol, companheiros! How is everybody? Studying hard? Como esto todos? Estudando bastante?
Vejamos nosso cronograma para a aula de hoje: Aula 01: Auditor Fiscal do Trabalho MTE - ESAF - 2010. Analista CMV ESAF 2010
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Read the text and answer questions 31-33. Companies in the rich world are confronted with a rapidly ageing workforce. Nearly one in three American workers will be over 50 by 2012, and America is a young country compared with Japan and Germany. China is also ageing rapidly, thanks to its one-child policy. This means that companies will have to learn how to manage older workers better. Most companies are remarkably ill-prepared. There was a icker of interest in the problem a few years ago but it was snuffed out by the recession. The management literature on older workers is a mere molehill compared with the mountain devoted to recruiting and retaining the young. Companies are still stuck with an antiquated model for dealing with ageing, which assumes that people should get pay rises and promotions on the basis of age. They have dealt with the burdens of this model by periodically downsizing older workers or encouraging them to take early retirement. This has created a dual labour market for older workers, of cosseted insiders on the one hand and unemployed or retired outsiders on the other. But this model cannot last. The number of young people, particularly those with valuable science and engineering skills, is shrinking. And governments are raising retirement ages and making it more dif cult for companies to shed older workers, in a desperate attempt to cope with their underfunded pension systems.
Feb 4th 2010 | From The Economist print edition [adapted]
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32- In paragraph 2, the author claims that the recent economic recession has a) awakened an interest in science and engineering among younger workers. b) caused the number of young people seeking jobs in business to increase. c) extinguished what little interest rms had shown in how to manage an older staff. d) made a mountain of business management out of a managerial molehill. e) led many rms to dismiss older workers in their periodic staff reductions. 33- The text suggests that the governments of industrialized countries are a) trying to stop companies dismissing older members of their workforce. b) refusing to employ younger workers because of their expensive pensions. c) cutting the retirement pensions of valuable workers on the basis of age.
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Read the text and answer questions 34-37. Minister calls for wider exible working rights British government ministers are considering giving all employees the right to ask for exible working hours from the beginning of a new job as part of plans to encourage a fundamental shift in working habits. The Work and Pensions Secretary, Yvette Cooper, says her ofce is working with employers and organisations such as the federation of small businesses to draw up new ways of supporting men as well as women and non-parents as well as parents working more exible hours. The current rules are limited to parents of children under 16 and carers, and Cooper wants to extend them. You want people to offer exible working from the beginning and we need to look again at how the legislation can support different ways of doing that, she said. There will be some areas where its not possible to t round particular school hours or particular things where the nature of the business makes it hard but what you need is the cultural change for everybody to think differently. Coopers proposals come as the government announced that fathers will be given the right to six months paternity leave. There will be a legal right to take the mothers place at home for the last three months of a nine-month maternity break; they would receive 123 a week in statutory pay. Fathers would then be entitled to take a further three months unpaid leave. The move was criticised by some business leaders.
(From: The Guardian, Friday 29 January 2010 -slightly adapted)
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35- With regard to paternity leave, the government has given men the right to a) take six months paid leave as soon as their baby is born. b) care for a baby if the mother returns to work within three months. c) receive their full salary to look after the baby for three out of the rst six months. d) take a three-month break receiving payment when the baby is six months old. e) stay at home with the babys mother on unpaid leave for six months.
36- The Work and Pensions Secretary a) has been personally attacked by company bosses who dislike her plans. b) believes exible working hours are a drawback for many workers. c) is seeking employers cooperation for new proposals on working hours. d) shows scant regard for the needs of parents wanting exible timetables. e) wants pensions to be paid to fathers who care for their neonate infants.
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The International Labour Organization The International Labour Organization (ILO) is devoted to advancing opportunities for women and men to obtain decent and productive work in conditions of freedom, equity, security and human dignity. Its main aims are to promote rights at work, encourage decent employment opportunities, enhance social protection and strengthen dialogue in handling work-related issues. Origins and history The ILO was founded in 1919, in the wake of a destructive war, to pursue a vision based on the premise that universal, lasting peace can be established only if it is based upon decent treatment of working people. The ILO became the rst specialized agency of the UN in 1946. ILOs vision of decent work Work is central to peoples well-being. In addition to providing income, work can pave the way for broader social and economic advancement, strengthening individuals, their families and communities. Such progress, however, hinges on work that is decent. Decent work sums up the aspirations of people in their working lives.
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38- The International Labour Organization seeks to a) encourage social equality at international level. b) foster workers rights and good working practices. c) stamp out protectionism and restrictive practices. d) promote national wealth through higher productivity. e) overturn protective practices in the workplace.
39- The founders of the ILO believed that a) the people must wake up again after a damaging war. b) decent social rights must be promoted by advanced countries. c) individuals mercenary aims reinforce community life. d) good working conditions are essential to maintain world peace. e) the ILO favours tripartite progress between men, women and the UN.
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Read the text and answer questions 31-33. Leia o texto e responda s questes 31-33. Companies in the rich world are confronted with a rapidly ageing workforce. Nearly one in three American workers will be over 50 by 2012, and America is a young country compared with Japan and Germany. China is also ageing rapidly, thanks to its one-child policy. This means that companies will have to learn how to manage older workers better. Empresas no mundo rico so confrontadas com um rpido envelhecimento da fora de trabalho. Quase um em trs trabalhadores americanos estar acima dos 50 at 2012, e os Estados Unidos um pas jovem comparado ao Japo e Alemanha. A China tambm est envelhecendo rapidamente, graas a sua poltica de um filho. Isso significa que empresas tero que aprender como lidar melhor com trabalhadores mais velhos. Most companies are remarkably ill-prepared. There was a icker of interest in the problem a few years ago but it was snuffed out by the recession. The management literature on older workers is a mere molehill compared with the mountain devoted to recruiting and retaining the young. A maior parte das empresas so notavelmente mal preparadas. Havia uma fagulha de interesse no problema h alguns anos atrs, mas foi apagada pela recesso. A literatura de gesto sobre trabalhadores mais velhos um mero montculo comparado com a montanha dedicada a recrutar e reter os jovens. Companies are still stuck with an antiquated model for dealing with ageing, which assumes that people should get pay rises and promotions on the basis of age. They have dealt with the burdens of this model by periodically downsizing older workers or encouraging them to take early retirement. This has created a dual labour market for older workers, of cosseted insiders on the one hand and unemployed or retired outsiders on the other.
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31- According to the text, businesses De acordo com o texto, empresas a) are fully prepared to deal with an ancient workforce. esto totalmente preparadas para lidar com a fora de trabalho idosa. b) cannot cope with an inux of elderly workers. no conseguem lidar com um influxo de trabalhadores idosos. c) are incapable of growing old gracefully. so incapazes de envelhecer graciosamente. d) must get rid of older workers through streamlining operations. devem se livrar de trabalhadores mais velhos atravs de operaes de modernizao. e) must learn to deal with the need to keep older staff employed. devem aprender a lidar com a necessidade de manter funcionrios mais velhos empregados. 10
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Most companies are remarkably ill-prepared. A maior parte das empresas so notavelmente mal preparadas.
And governments are raising retirement ages and making it more difcult for companies to shed older workers, in a desperate attempt to cope with their underfunded pension systems. E governos esto aumentando a idade de aposentadoria e tornando mais difcil para empresas dispensar trabalhadores mais velhos, na tentativa desesperada de lidar com seus deficitrios sistemas de penso.
Antes de comentarmos as alternativas, vamos aprender palavras e expresses fundamentais ao entendimento das mesmas:
ancient elderly old older to grow old / to age ancio, antigo idoso velho mais velho envelhecer
Outro importante assunto a que devemos atentar o uso dos MODAIS (can e must) vistos hoje em nosso material de apoio ao final dessa aula. Quadro-resumo em mos, guys! Lets start! Letra A Errada. O texto nos diz Most companies are remarkably illprepared (A maior parte das empresas so notavelmente mal preparadas) - o que o oposto de fully prepared (totalmente preparadas) - no que diz respeito a lidar (to deal) com a fora de trabalho idosa (ancient workforce). Letra B Errada. O texto no afirma que as empresas no conseguem lidar com tal influxo. Tanto lidam que possuem trabalhadores idosos entrando e saindo de seu quadro de pessoal. O que o autor nos indica que as empresas lidam mal com tais trabalhadores. Vocs poderiam ter
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O texto afirma que a fora de trabalho est envelhecendo e que preciso aprender a lidar com isso. Tambm nos informa que o nmero de trabalhadores jovens est encolhendo (shrinking), que o governo est aumentando a idade de aposentadoria (raising retirement ages) e tornando mais difcil para empresas dispensar trabalhadores mais velhos (making it more difcult for companies to shed older workers) isso para lidar melhor com os deficitrios sistemas de penso (underfunded pension systems). Assim, podemos entender que o texto fala da importncia de manter (keep) trabalhadores mais velhos no mercado de trabalho e no da necessidade de livrar-se (get rid of) deles. Letra E Correta. O texto nos indica que preciso aprender a lidar (to deal) com a necessidade de manter funcionrios mais velhos empregados (keep older staff employed) - conforme explicado acima.
32- In paragraph 2, the author claims that the recent economic recession has No pargrafo 2, o autor alega que a recente recesso econmica a) awakened an interest in science and engineering among younger workers. despertou um interesse em cincia e engenharia entre jovens trabalhadores. b) caused the number of young people seeking jobs in business to increase. causou o aumento do nmero de jovens procurando empregos em empresas.
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um
PHRASAL
VERB
importante
para
apagar, extinguir
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33- The text suggests that the governments of industrialized countries are O texto sugere que os governos dos pases industrializados esto a) trying to stop companies dismissing older members of their workforce. tentando impedir que empresas demitam membros mais velhos de sua fora de trabalho. b) refusing to employ younger workers because of their expensive pensions. recusando-se a empregar trabalhadores mais jovens por causa de suas caras penses. c) cutting the retirement pensions of valuable workers on the basis of age. cortando as aposentadorias de valiosos empregados com base na idade.
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Letra A Correta. Dizer que os governos esto aumentando a idade de aposentadoria (raising retirement ages) e tornando mais difcil para empresas dispensar trabalhadores mais velhos (making it more difcult for companies to shed older workers) o mesmo que afirmar que os governos esto tentando impedir (trying to stop) que empresas demitam (dismiss) membros mais velhos de sua fora de trabalho (older members of their workforce). Letra B Errada. Quem tem caras penses (expensive pensions) so os trabalhadores mais velhos e no os mais novos (younger workers). Letra C Errada. O que feito com base na idade (on the basis of age) a concesso de aumentos (rises) e promoes (promotions). Letra D Errada. As tentativas desesperadas (desperate attempts) tratadas no texto so para lidar com deficitrios sistemas de penso (underfunded pension systems) e no com o ineficiente mercado de mode-obra (inefcient labour market). Letra E Errada. A concesso de aposentadoria antecipada (early retirement) incentivada pelas empresas e no pelo governo. Alm disso, tal incentivo pelas empresas no um ato de generosidade (generosity), mas sim mera proteo de seus interesses financeiros.
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34- According to the text, current British laws on working timetables are designed mainly for De acordo com o texto, as atuais leis britnicas de horrios de trabalho so criadas principalmente para a) women who work as secretaries for the government. mulheres que trabalham como secretrias para o governo. b) parents of young children and teenagers, as well as care workers. pais de crianas pequenas e adolescentes, bem como de cuidadores. c) men who have been in their current jobs for some time. homens que esto nos seus atuais empregos h algum tempo. d) women extending their maternity leave with unpaid work. mulheres que esto estendendo suas licenas-maternidade com trabalho no remunerado. e) those who want a change in the cultural mentality of businesses. aqueles que querem uma mudana na mentalidade cultural dos negcios.
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Assim:
current British laws on working timetables are designed mainly for parents of young children and teenagers, as well as care workers. atuais leis britnicas de horrios de trabalho so criadas principalmente para pais de crianas pequenas e adolescentes, bem como de cuidadores. = The current rules are limited to parents of children under 16 and carers As atuais regras so limitadas a pais de crianas de menos de 16 anos e cuidadores...
Letra B. 35- With regard to paternity leave, the government has given men the right to No que diz respeito licena-paternidade, o governo deu aos homens o direito de a) take six months paid leave as soon as their baby is born. tirar uma licena remunerada de seis meses assim que o beb deles nascer. b) care for a baby if the mother returns to work within three months. cuidar do beb se a me deles retornar ao trabalho dentro de trs meses. c) receive their full salary to look after the baby for three out of the rst six months. receber o salrio deles integralmente para cuidar do beb por trs dos seis primeiros meses.
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Sigam o raciocnio:
six months paternity leave licena-paternidade de 6 meses = legal right to take the mothers place at home for the last three months of a ninemonth maternity break direito legal de tomar o lugar da me em casa pelos ltimos trs meses da licenamaternidade de nove meses ou seja, quando o beb estiver com 6 meses + a further three months unpaid leave mais trs meses de licena no remunerada
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Me e pai:
REMUNERADA 0 a 3 meses --------------me 3 a 6 meses -----------------me NO REMUNERADA 6 a 9 meses 9 a 12 meses ------------------ ---------------pai pai
Letra A Errada. A assertiva contm 2 erros. O primeiro que a licena (leave) s remunerada (paid) nos primeiros 3 meses. O segundo que o pai s pode iniciar a licena aos 6 meses do beb e no logo que ele nasce (as soon as their baby is born). Letra B Errada. A me pode retornar ao trabalho 3 meses antes de acabar o tempo da licena-maternidade (maternity leave), ou seja, aos 6 meses de licena. O pai pode iniciar sua licena nesta data. Letra C Errada. Eles no recebem o salrio integral (full salary) pelos primeiros 3 meses de licena e sim apenas 123 euros por semana. Letra D Correta. Vide explicao acima. Letra E Errada. Vejam acima que a licena-maternidade (maternity leave) no coincide com a durao da licena-paternidade.
36- The Work and Pensions Secretary A Secretria de Trabalho e Penses a) has been personally attacked by company bosses who dislike her plans. tem sido pessoalmente atacada pelos chefes da empresa que no gostam dos planos dela. b) believes exible working hours are a drawback for many workers. acredita que horrio de trabalho flexvel uma desvantagem para muitos trabalhadores.
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Com base no trecho acima, podemos entender que a Secretria est trabalhando com (working with) empregadores e organizaes para delinear (draw up) horrios de trabalho mais flexveis (exible hours). Logo, ela est buscando a cooperao dos empregadores (is seeking employers cooperation) para novas propostas sobre horrio de trabalho (working hours). Letra C. A letra A est errada, pois o texto no diz que a Secretria est sendo pessoalmente atacada (personally attacked) por chefes das empresas. As letras B e D esto erradas, pois horrio de trabalho flexvel mostra preocupao (e no scant regard) com os trabalhadores, sendo assim algo bom e no uma desvantagem (drawback). J a letra E est errada, pois as propostas de Yvette Cooper no tratam de licena-paternidade (paternity leave) e sim da implantao de horrios de trabalho mais flexveis para todos os trabalhadores.
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Vamos relembrar quem ser beneficiado pelas propostas (proposals) da Ms Cooper e a partir de quando:
The Work and Pensions Secretary, Yvette Cooper, says her ofce is working with employers and organisations such as the federation of small businesses to draw up new ways of supporting men as well as women and non-parents as well as parents working more exible hours. A Secretria de Trabalho e Penses, Yvette Cooper, diz que seu gabinete est trabalhando com empregadores e organizaes tais como a federao de pequenas empresas para delinear novas maneiras de apoiar homens bem como mulheres e pessoas sem filhos tanto como as com filhos para que trabalhem em horrios mais flexveis. The current rules are limited to parents of children under 16 and carers, and Cooper wants to extend them. You want people to offer exible working from the beginning and we need to look again at how the legislation can support different ways of doing that, she said. As atuais regras so limitadas a pais de crianas de menos de 16 anos e cuidadores, e Cooper quer estend-las. Voc quer que as pessoas ofeream horrios flexveis de trabalho desde o incio e ns precisamos rever como a legislao pode apoiar diferentes maneiras de fazer isso, disse ela.
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from the beginning = from the outset desde o incio = desde o incio
Letra A.
Read the text and answer questions 38-40. Leia o texto e responda s questes 38-40. The International Labour Organization A Organizao Internacional do Trabalho The International Labour Organization (ILO) is devoted to advancing opportunities for women and men to obtain decent and productive work in conditions of freedom, equity, security and human dignity. Its main aims are to promote rights at work, encourage decent employment opportunities, enhance social protection and strengthen dialogue in handling work-related issues. A Organizao Internacional do Trabalho (OIT) dedicada a promover oportunidades para mulheres e homens de obter trabalho decente e produtivo em condies de liberdade, equidade, segurana e dignidade humana. Seus objetivos principais so promover direitos no trabalho, encorajar oportunidades de trabalho decentes, melhorar a proteo social e fortalecer o dilogo sobre como lidar com assuntos referentes ao trabalho. Origins and history Origens e histria The ILO was founded in 1919, in the wake of a destructive war, to pursue a vision based on the premise that universal, lasting peace can be established only if it is based upon decent treatment of working people. The ILO became the rst specialized agency of the UN in 1946. A OIT foi fundada em 1919, na esteira de uma destrutiva guerra, para perseguir uma viso baseada na premissa de que a paz universal e duradoura pode ser estabelecida apenas se ela for baseada no decente
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38- The International Labour Organization seeks to A Organizao Internacional do Trabalho busca a) encourage social equality at international level. encorajar a igualdade social a nvel internacional. b) foster workers rights and good working practices. promover direitos dos trabalhadores e boas prticas de trabalho. 24
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The International Labour Organization (ILO) is devoted to advancing opportunities for women and men to obtain decent and productive work in conditions of freedom, equity, security and human dignity. Its main aims are to promote rights at work, encourage decent employment opportunities, enhance social protection and strengthen dialogue in handling work-related issues. A Organizao Internacional do Trabalho (OIT) dedicada a promover oportunidades para mulheres e homens de obter trabalho decente e produtivo em condies de liberdade, equidade, segurana e dignidade humana. Seus objetivos principais so promover direitos no trabalho, encorajar oportunidades de trabalho decentes, melhorar a proteo social e fortalecer o dilogo sobre como lidar com assuntos referentes ao trabalho.
Dizer a que a OIT dedicada, devotada (devoted to) e tratar de seus principais objetivos (main aims) o mesmo que dizer o que ela busca (seeks). As alternativas C, D e E no constam no texto. Contudo, vocs poderiam ter tido dvidas na entre as letras A e B. A letra A incorreta visto que o foco da OIT o trabalho e no a igualdade social. O autor cita equidade (equity) no texto, mas ele se refere s condies de trabalho e no sociedade de modo geral. Assim, Letra B nossa resposta. Em tempo: ateno do PHRASAL VERB que aparece na letra C:
to stamp out acabar, aniquilar, erradicar
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Relembrem:
The ILO was founded in 1919, in the wake of a destructive war, to pursue a vision based on the premise that universal, lasting peace can be established only if it is based upon decent treatment of working people. The ILO became the rst specialized agency of the UN in 1946. A OIT foi fundada em 1919, na esteira de uma destrutiva guerra, para perseguir uma viso baseada na premissa de que a paz universal e duradoura pode ser estabelecida apenas se ela for baseada no decente tratamento dos trabalhadores. A OIT tornou-se a primeira agncia especializada das Naes Unidas em 1946. good working conditions are essential to maintain world peace boas condies de trabalho so essenciais para manter a paz mundial. = universal, lasting peace can be established only if it is based upon decent treatment of working people paz universal e duradoura pode ser estabelecida apenas se ela for baseada no decente tratamento dos trabalhadores.
Letra D.
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to lump together
Sendo assim:
gives the ILO an edge = provides the ILO with an advantage d OIT uma vantagem prov a OIT com uma vantagem
Letra E.
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Read the text below entitled A Latin American decade? in order to answer questions 11 to 13: A Latin American decade?
Source: www.economist.com (Adapted) Sep 9th, 2010
Summit meetings involving Latin Americas presidents are so frequent these days that Mexicos Mr Caldern has likened diplomacy in the region to a mountain range. Yet for all the talk of regional integration, political Latin America looks more divided than ever. Mr Chvez likes to threaten war against Colombia, which in turn accuses him of harbouring its FARC guerrillas. Sub-regional trade groups such as Mercosur and the Andean Community, which made progress in the 1990s, have stagnated or fallen apart. Yet while politicians bicker, corporate Latin America is quietly moving closer together. A growing army of multilatinas have expanded abroad. Some, like Embraer or Bimbo, have become global multinationals. Many others, including Chilean retailers and Brazilian banks and construction rms, have expanded within Latin America. Some Mexican rms, led by Amrica Mvil, a telecoms giant, are moving into Brazil. Until recently such rms tended to list their shares in New York, but now a Latin American capital market is poised to emerge. In three to ve years there will be a seamless network of Latin American stock exchanges, including Mexicos, reckons Mr Oliveira of BRAIN Brasil. The market-oriented reforms of the 1980s and 1990s, combined with a few years of commodity-driven prosperity, are transforming Latin American business.
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12- According to paragraph 2, a Latin American capital market is a) prevented from emerging. b) not likely to expand. c) an unattainable goal. d) about to come out. e) unlikely to sustain itself.
13- According to the text, there will be a seamless network of Latin American stock exchanges, which means this network will a) probably be discontinued. b) be continuing very smoothly. c) no longer be sustainable. d) soon be devised. e) not be broad and stable.
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With the economy booming, poverty falling, and an avid new middle class hitting the supermarkets and malls, Brazil is in a sweet spot. Once a pushover for nancial turmoil, Brazil survived the Great Recession largely unscathed and grew at the blistering pace of 10 percent in the rst six months of 2010 (though it may cool to 6 or 7 percent by years end). With new offshore discoveries boosting its estimated oil reserves to at least 9 billion barrels and possibly much more- the national oil giant, Petrobras, raised $67billion in late September, the biggest public-share offering in global nancial history. Ofcials are gussying up the country for the 2014 World Cup and the 2016 Olympic Games, and arguing over what to do with all the cash and glory that such international showcases bring.
14- The text refers to Brazils economy as booming, which means it is experiencing a period of economic a) malaise. b) slowdown. c) success. d) mismanagement. e) distress.
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16- The text highlights Petrobras public-share offering which a) was expected to reach $67 billion. b) might raise $67 billion. c) could have raised $67 billion. d) ought to have taken place. e) took place in late September. Read the text below entitled 10 Ways to Protect Your Privacy Online in order to answer questions 17 to 20: 10 Ways to Protect Your Privacy Online
Source: www.newsweek.com (Adapted) Oct, 22nd 2010
Up to a couple of years ago, I used to say that the average person could protect his or her privacy on the Web. Even as the founder of an online reputation-management company, I believed it was possible so long as you were willing to commit some time doing it. Today, I tell people this: the landscape of personal data mining and exploitation is shifting faster than ever; trying to protect your online privacy is like trying to build your own antivirus software really, really difcult. But whether or not you have the time (or money) to invest in the pros, there are a few simple steps we can all take to reduce the risk to our private data.
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20- According to the author, when throwing away credit card offers or bank statements, one should a) inform the bank in advance. b) store a copy of both documents. c) tear them into thin pieces. d) delete the identication number rst. e) not cut any of these documents.
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Read the text below entitled A Latin American decade? in order to answer questions 11 to 13: Leia o texto abaixo intitulado Uma dcada Latino-Americana? para responder s questes 11 a 13: A Latin American decade? Uma dcada Latino-Americana?
Source: www.economist.com (Adapted) Sep 9th, 2010
Summit meetings involving Latin Americas presidents are so frequent these days that Mexicos Mr Caldern has likened diplomacy in the region to a mountain range. Yet for all the talk of regional integration, political Latin America looks more divided than ever. Mr Chvez likes to threaten war against Colombia, which in turn accuses him of harbouring its FARC guerrillas. Sub-regional trade groups such as Mercosur and the Andean Community, which made progress in the 1990s, have stagnated or fallen apart. Reunies de cpula envolvendo presidentes da Amrica Latina so to frequentes nos dias de hoje que o Sr. Caldern do Mxico comparou a diplomacia na regio a uma cadeia de montanhas. Entretanto, mesmo com toda a conversa sobre integrao regional, politicamente a Amrica Latina parece mais dividida do que nunca. O Sr. Chvez gosta de ameaar a Colmbia de guerra que, por sua vez, o acusa de abrigar seus guerrilheiros das FARC. Os grupos comerciais sub-regionais tais como o Mercosul e a Comunidade Andina, que progrediram nos anos 90, estagnaram ou despedaaram. Yet while politicians bicker, corporate Latin America is quietly moving closer together. A growing army of multilatinas have expanded abroad. Some, like Embraer or Bimbo, have become global multinationals. Many others, including Chilean retailers and Brazilian banks and construction rms, have expanded within Latin America. Some Mexican rms, led by Amrica Mvil, a telecoms giant, are moving into Brazil. Until recently such rms tended to list their shares in New York, but now a Latin American capital market is poised to emerge. In three
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11- According to paragraph 1, Mercosur and the Andean Community De acordo com o pargrafo 1, Mercosul e a Comunidade Andina a) have created a fairer trade. criaram um comrcio mais justo. b) brought about political divisions. acarretaram divises polticas. c) did not prosper in the 1990s. no prosperaram nos anos 90. d) have consolidated the regions trade. consolidaram o comrcio da regio. e) have not evolved. no evoluram.
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Sub-regional trade groups such as Mercosur and the Andean Community, which made progress in the 1990s, have stagnated or fallen apart. Os grupos comerciais sub-regionais tais como o Mercosul e a Comunidade Andina, que progrediram nos anos 90, estagnaram ou despedaaram.
Antes de adentrarmos a anlise da questo propriamente dita, vamos estudar os PHRASAL VERBS necessrios ao seu entendimento:
to fall apart to bring about despedaar acarretar, gerar
Vamos ao entendimento das assertivas: Letra A Errada. O texto no fala nada sobre isso. Letra B Errada. O autor nos diz que a Amrica Latina est mais dividida politicamente do que nunca. Relembrem:
Yet for all the talk of regional integration, political Latin America looks more divided than ever. Entretanto, mesmo com toda a conversa sobre integrao regional, politicamente a Amrica Latina parece mais dividida do que nunca.
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12- According to paragraph 2, a Latin American capital market is De acordo com o pargrafo 2, o mercado de capitais latino-americano /est a) prevented from emerging. impedido de emergir. b) not likely to expand. improvvel de expandir-se. c) an unattainable goal. uma meta inatingvel. d) about to come out. prestes a sair. e) unlikely to sustain itself. improvvel de sustentar-se sozinho. Eis o pargrafo 2:
Yet while politicians bicker, corporate Latin America is quietly moving closer together. A growing army of multilatinas have expanded abroad. Some, like Embraer or Bimbo, have become global multinationals. Many others, including Chilean retailers and Brazilian banks and construction rms, have expanded within Latin America. Some Mexican rms, led by Amrica Mvil, a telecoms giant, are moving into Brazil. Until recently such rms tended to list their shares in New York, but now a Latin American capital market is poised to emerge. In three to ve years there will be a seamless network of Latin American stock exchanges, including Mexicos, reckons Mr Oliveira of BRAIN Brasil. No entanto, enquanto polticos brigam, a Amrica Latina corporativa est silenciosamente se aproximando. Um crescente exrcito de multilatinas expandiu-se para
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Assim:
Latin American capital market is poised to emerge mercado de capitais da Amrica Latina est pronto para emergir = Latin American capital market is about to come out mercado de capitais da Amrica Latina est prestes a sair, aparecer, tornar-se conhecido
Letra D. 13- According to the text, there will be a seamless network of Latin American stock exchanges, which means this network will De acordo com o texto, haver uma rede integrada de bolsas na Amrica Latina, o que significa que essa rede a) probably be discontinued. provavelmente ser descontinuada. b) be continuing very smoothly. ser contnua de modo muito suave. c) no longer be sustainable. no ser mais sustentvel.
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Mais uma questo na qual o candidato precisava apoiar-se completamente em seus conhecimentos de vocabulrio. Observaram como comum a ESAF cobrar palavras e expresses de modo muito pontual, sem nos cobrar um entendimento do contexto, sem oferecer tantos cognatos? Isso significa que uma boa preparao para certames da ESAF demanda MUITA leitura e amplo vocabulrio. Aqui era crucial entender o sentido de SEAMLESS:
sem costura sem emenda
Uma rede de stock exchanges (bolsas de valores) que ser sem costura, sem emendas (seamless) nos transmite a idia de que tal rede ser contnua, que no ser possvel perceber emendas entre as bolsas dos diversos pases da Amrica Latina pois haver suave transio de uma para outra. Haver uma integrao. Letra B. Read the text below entitled Beyond Lula in order to answer questions 14 to 16: Leia o texto abaixo intitulado Alm de Lula para responder s questes 14 a 16: Beyond Lula Alm de Lula
Source: Newsweek (Adapted) Oct 11th, 2010
With the economy booming, poverty falling, and an avid new middle class hitting the supermarkets and malls, Brazil is in a sweet spot. Once a pushover for nancial turmoil, Brazil survived the Great Recession largely unscathed and grew at the blistering pace of 10 percent in the rst six months of 2010 (though it may cool to 6 or 7 percent by years end). With new offshore discoveries boosting its
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Notem que o autor deu vrias dicas. Ainda que o candidato conhecesse apenas algumas das palavras em negrito e que desconhecesse o verbo TO BOOM, era possvel entender que a economia estava passando por um perodo de sucesso. Vamos ento explorar o sentido do verbo TO BOOM:
expandir-se aumentar em atividade crescer rapidamente
Se a economia est em expanso (booming) ela est experimentando um perodo (experiencing a period) de sucesso (success). Letra C.
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Vejamos o que diz o autor sobre o ritmo de crescimento (growth pace) do Brasil:
Once a pushover for nancial turmoil, Brazil survived the Great Recession largely unscathed and grew at the blistering pace of 10 percent in the rst six months of 2010 (though it may cool to 6 or 7 percent by years end). Antes uma mosca-morta para turbulncia financeira, o Brasil sobreviveu Grande Recesso praticamente inclume e cresceu ao ritmo alucinante de 10 por cento nos primeiros seis meses de 2010 (apesar de que pode esfriar para 6 ou 7 por cento at o fim do ano).
CAMINHO 1 Vamos resolver primeiro partindo do pressuposto de que o candidato no sabe o que blistering pace e de que desconhece o verbo TO COOL. Primeiro o autor nos d 10% e se refere a crescimento no passado (grew). Em seguida, fala em 6% ou 7% e se refere ao futuro (by years end). S isso j nos permite encontrar a resposta. O crescimento ir diminuir (decrease).
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TO COOL:
Esfriar Resfriar Acalmar-se Moderar-se
Assim, fica claro que o blistering pace poder diminuir (cool, decrease). Letra A. Mais um detalhe: na assertiva E aparece a expresso TO GATHER PACE. Vamos conhec-la:
to gather pace acelerar
AVISO: Pessoal, na hora da prova - combinem os caminhos 1 (atentar para percentuais, cognatos...) e 2 (ter um vocabulrio razovel). Assim, mesmo que o vocabulrio exigido seja difcil, ser possvel solucionar a questo. 16- The text highlights Petrobras public-share offering which O texto destaca a oferta pblica de aes da Petrobrs que a) was expected to reach $67 billion. era esperado que atingisse $67 bilhes. b) might raise $67 billion. poderia levantar $67 bilhes. c) could have raised $67 billion. poderia ter levantado $67 bilhes. d) ought to have taken place. deveria ter acontecido. e) took place in late September. ocorreu no final de setembro.
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Letras A, B e C Erradas. A Petrobrs j levantou o valor de $67 bilhes. Notem o verbo no passado (raise raised). Para entendermos as letras D e E vamos antes aprender o PHRASAL VERB TO TAKE PLACE:
to take place acontecer, realizar-se
Letra D Errada. A assertiva deixa implcito que a oferta pblica no ocorreu, o que desmentido pelo texto. Letra E Correta. O verbo (raised) em negrito no trecho retirado do texto est no passado simples o que indica que a oferta pblica j ocorreu.
Read the text below entitled 10 Ways to Protect Your Privacy Online in order to answer questions 17 to 20: Leia o texto abaixo intitulado 10 Maneiras de Proteger Sua Privacidade Online para responder s questes 17 a 20: 10 Ways to Protect Your Privacy Online 10 Maneiras de Proteger Sua Privacidade Online
Source: www.newsweek.com (Adapted) Oct, 22nd 2010
Up to a couple of years ago, I used to say that the average person could protect his or her privacy on the Web. Even as the founder of an online reputation-management company, I believed it was possible so long as you were willing to commit some time doing it. Today, I tell people this: the landscape of personal data mining and exploitation is shifting faster than ever; trying to protect your online privacy is like
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Logo, TO LEAVE OUT (deixar de fora) o mesmo que TO OMIT (omitir), que um cognato verdadeiro. Letra A.
18- According to the author, reducing the risk to our private data is De acordo com o autor, reduzir o risco aos nossos dados privados a) not sensible. no sensato. b) unworthy. no vale a pena. c) impossible. impossvel. d) possible. possvel. e) not advisable. no aconselhvel.
Relembrem:
Today, I tell people this: the landscape of personal data mining and exploitation is shifting faster than ever; trying to protect your online privacy is like trying to build your own antivirus software really, really difcult. But whether or not you have the time (or money) to invest in the pros, there are a few simple steps we can all take to reduce the risk to our private data. Hoje, eu digo isso para as pessoas: o campo de minerao e explorao de dados pessoais est mudando mais rpido do que nunca; tentar proteger sua privacidade online como tentar construir seu prprio software antivrus muito, muito difcil. Mas tendo tempo (ou dinheiro) ou no para investir nos profissionais, h alguns passos simples que ns podemos tomar para diminuir o risco sobre nossos dados privados.
Apesar do autor afirmar que proteger sua privacidade online (protect your online privacy) algo muito difcil (really difficult), h alguns passos
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19-According to the author, usernames and passwords De acordo com o autor, nomes de usurios e senhas a) should be complementary. devem ser complementares. b) must be multiple. devem ser mltiplos. c) have to be similar. precisam ser similares. d) ought to be jumbled. devem ser misturados. e) could be multiple. poderiam ser mltiplos. Observem o que o autor nos diz sobre usernames (nomes de usurios) e passwords (senhas):
2. Use multiple usernames and passwords. Use mltiplos nomes de usurio e senhas. Keep your usernames and passwords for social networks, online banking, e-mail, and online shopping all separate. Having distinct passwords is not enough nowadays: if you have the same username across different Web sites, your entire life can be mapped and re-created with simple algorithms. Mantenha seus nomes de usurio e senhas para redes sociais, banco online, email, e compra online todos separados. Ter senhas distintas no suficiente hoje em dia: se voc tem o mesmo nome de usurio por diferentes sites da Web, toda a sua vida pode ser mapeada e recriada com algoritmos simples.
Aqui o autor explora o uso dos MODAIS (veja quadro-resumo ao final desta aula).
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20- According to the author, when throwing away credit card offers or bank statements, one should De acordo com o autor, ao dispensar ofertas de cartes de crdito ou extratos bancrios, uma pessoa deve a) inform the bank in advance. informar o banco antes. b) store a copy of both documents. guardar uma cpia de ambos os documentos. c) tear them into thin pieces. rasg-los em finos pedaos. d) delete the identication number rst. deletar o nmero de identificao primeiro. e) not cut any of these documents. no cortar nenhum destes documentos.
If you are going to throw away credit-card offers, bank statements, or anything else that might come in hard copy to your house, rip them up into tiny bits rst. Se voc ir jogar fora ofertas de cartes de crdito, extratos bancrios, ou qualquer coisa que possa chegar em uma cpia impressa em sua casa, corte-os em pequenos pedaos primeiro.
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LOGO:
to rip something up into tiny bits = to tear something into thin pieces cortar algo em pequenos pedaos = rasgar algo em finos pedaos
Letra C.
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A Free Trade Agenda For the U.S. and Taiwan Nearly 20 years ago, during the U.S. debate over the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), opponents of the agreement called on Congress to reject the proposal because it might prompt other countries to enter free trade talks. Supporters of the proposal responded by arguing that the critics may be right: NAFTA could trigger an epidemic of free trade. But, they argued, that would be a good thing for the global economy; fewer trade barriers among nations would benefit everyone. Fast forward nearly two decades. Since the early 1990s, when American policymakers were debating NAFTA, dozens of bilateral and multilateral free trade agreements (FTAs) have been concluded, involving, by my count, more than 100 countries. The ASEAN bloc, for example (Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam), has free trade agreements with Australia, India, Japan, New Zealand, the Peoples Republic of China (PRC) and South Korea. The PRC has free trade agreements with Chile, Costa Rica, Hong Kong, Macau, Niger, Pakistan, Peru, New Zealand, Singapore, and Thailand, as well as the ASEAN group. The European Union (EU) has free trade agreements with some two dozen countries outside of the EU.
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A Free Trade Agenda For the U.S. and Taiwan Um Programa de Livre Comrcio Para os EUA e Taiwan Nearly 20 years ago, during the U.S. debate over the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), opponents of the agreement called on Congress to reject the proposal because it might prompt other countries to enter free trade talks. Quase 20 anos atrs, durante o debate nos EUA sobre o Tratado Norte-Americano de Livre Comrcio (NAFTA), os opositores do acordo pediram ao Congresso para rejeitar a proposta porque ela poderia incitar outros pases a iniciar conversas sobre livre comrcio. Supporters of the proposal responded by arguing that the critics may be right: NAFTA could trigger an epidemic of free trade. But, they argued, that would be a good thing for the global economy; fewer trade barriers among nations would benefit everyone. Os defensores da proposta responderam argumentando que os crticos podem estar certos: NAFTA poderia desencadear "uma epidemia" de livre comrcio. Mas, eles argumentaram, isso seria uma coisa boa para a economia global; menos barreiras comerciais entre as naes iriam beneficiar a todos. Fast forward nearly two decades. Since the early 1990s, when American policymakers were debating NAFTA, dozens of bilateral and multilateral free trade agreements (FTAs) have been concluded, involving, by my count, more than 100 countries. Avance quase duas dcadas. Desde o incio dos anos 90, quando polticos americanos estavam debatendo o NAFTA, dzias de acordos bilaterais e multilaterais de livre comrcio (TLCs) foram concludos, envolvendo, por minha contagem, mais de 100 pases. The ASEAN bloc, for example (Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam), has free trade agreements with Australia, India, Japan, New Zealand, the Peoples Republic of China (PRC) and South Korea. O bloco ANSEA, por exemplo (Brunei Darussalam, Camboja, Indonsia, Laos, Malsia, Mianmar, Filipinas, Singapura, Tailndia e
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Banco de vocabulrio
abroad advancement advisable again age ageing agenda agreement aim Andean Community antiquated arrangement average avid bank statements barrel beginning beyond birth date birthday bit boon both break broad burdens capital market
no exterior, em um pas estrangeiro avano aconselhvel novamente idade envelhecimento programa, ordem do dia acordo objetivo Comunidade Andina antiquado, ultrapassado arranjo, acordo, preparativos mdio vido extratos bancrios barril comeo, incio alm data de nascimento aniversrio bocado, pedao pequeno, partcula benefcio, bno ambos folga, pausa amplo pesos, obstculos mercado de capitais
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J K
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mother multiple nearly need neonate infants network nowadays number odd ofcial offshore oil reserves online banking outset outsiders paid parents password paternity leave payment pension person piece poised
Q R
politicians possible poverty privacy prole programmes progress promotions pros prosperity public-share offering quietly reforms
minerao ministro m administrao me mltiplo quase, aproximadamente necessidade bebs recm-nascidos rede hoje em dia nmero estranho oficial, funcionrio pblico alm da costa reservas de petrleo banco online Incio, comeo pessoas de fora pago, remunerado pais (pai e me) senha licena-paternidade pagamento penso pessoa pedao, poro, fragmento estar pronto para, estar preparado para a ao polticos possvel pobreza privacidade perfil programas progresso promoes (ser promovido) profissionais prosperidade oferta pblica de aes silenciosamente reformas 61
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username war way well-being wider work W workforce working life working rights workplace World Cup year Y young youth
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to boom to to to to C to to to to to build care combine come commit consolidate cope create criticize
em
atividade,
to devise D to to to to to to to to to to to to to to discontinue dislike dismiss divide downsize emerge encourage estimate evolve expand expect experience extinguish fall
comprometer-se consolidar lidar criar criticar, desaprovar inventar, planejar, delinear, projetar, elaborar descontinuar no gostar dispensar dividir reduzir, enxugar emergir encorajar estimar desenvolver-se, evoluir, expandir expandir esperar experimentar extinguir cair
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G H
to move to to to to to to to to to to to to to obtain offer omit overturn pave prevent prompt prosper protect pursue put raise receive
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Phrasal verbs about to to ask for to be snuffed out to call for / to call on to come out to draw up to fall apart to ll in to gussy up to hinge on to leave out to look after to point out to rip something up to stamp out to sum up prestes a pedir ser extinto clamar por, pedir sair, aparecer, tornar-se conhecido delinear, esboar, criar despedaar preencher enfeitar depender de deixar de fora cuidar destacar, apontar, mostrar, chamar a ateno para rasgar erradicar, acabar, extinguir resumir, recapitular, somar
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Expresses idiomticas a couple of at the blistering pace in late in the wake of more than ever on the agenda on the one hand on the other pushover sweet spot to bring together to cut (someone) to the quick to get rid of to give an edge to grow old to lump together to make it hard to take place to take somebodys place to move closer together win-win alguns, algumas a um ritmo frentico, excessivo, alucinante no final de, no fim de na esteira de, como consequncia de mais do que nunca na ordem do dia, em pauta por um lado por outro mosca-morta, pessoa ou equipe fcil de derrotar. doce posio, em um lugar agradvel, em uma posio confortvel reunir, aproximar ferir profundamente os sentimentos de algum, ofender gravemente livrar-se de dar uma vantagem envelhecer aglutinar, combinar vrios itens e trat-los como uma unidade dificultar acontecer, realizar-se tomar o lugar de algum aproximar-se ganha-ganha
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MODAIS
I can speak english. Eu posso falar ingls. can Can I open the window? Posso abrir a janela? Can you help me? Voc pode me ajudar? Could I borrow your book? Eu poderia pegar seu livro emprestado? Could you go with me? Voc poderia ir comigo? We could it do it this way. Ns poderamos fazer isso desta forma. I think we could win the game. Eu acho que poderamos vencer o jogo.
Mostrar habilidade
Pedir permisso
Fazer um pedido
Sugesto
could
Possibilidade futura
He gave up his old job so he could work for us. Habilidade do passado Ele desistiu de seu emprego antigo para que pudesse trabalhar para ns. May I have another piece of cake? Eu poderia ter outro pedao de bolo? may I may travel in July. Eu talvez v viajar em Julho. Dont call him now, he might be sleeping. No ligue para ele agora, ele pode estar dormindo. They might travel with us tomorrow. Eles talvez vo viajar conosco amanh. must We must eat to stay alive. Ns temos que comer para continuarmos vivos. We ought to be fair. Ns devemos ser justos. Possibilidade futura Possibilidade presente Pedir permisso
might
ought to
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Promessa
Fazer um pedido
Combinando algo
Convite
Preferncia
GRAU DE PROBABILIDADE
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