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AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING
Dr. Nawab Ali
Deputy Director General (Engg.)
Indian Council of Agricultural Research
New Delhi – 110 012
•Introduction
•Farm Mechanization
•Post-Harvest Management
•Energy and Power
•Emerging Trends
•Holistic Human Health
•Recommendations
INTRODUCTION - 1
Food 1025 Million Indian people
Water (17% of world population
with 2.4% land & 4.3% water)
Air
• Farm Mechanisation
Purpose • PHM & Value Addition
• Agricultural Energy and Power
• CIAE, Bhopal
• CIPHET, Ludhiana
• IINRG, Ranchi
Institutes
• CIRCOT, Mumbai
• NIRJAFT, Kolkata
• IASRI, New Delhi
• FIM, UAE, RES, ESA
AICRPs • PHT, APA
• Livestock feed from CR & BP
Networks • PP of MAP
• Mechanisation of Hort. (Proposed)
SUN
(Solar
Energy)
• Timeliness of operations
• Saving in labour requirements
• Increase in land productivity/cropping intensity
• Reduction in human drudgery
• Tillage 40
• Sowing 30
• Irrigation 40
• Plant Protection 35
• Threshing 50
• Harvesting 5
Status of some of the Farm Power
and Machinery Industry in India
Agricultural Produce
Processing
•Processed Products are Packaged, Transported, Stored and Retailed to the Consumers
•At Every Stage of Processing Value is Added
A generic flow diagram indicating the movement of agriculture from farmers to consumers
Share of Farmers in Consumer Price
Basic Food Item Value added Value added % of producer’s
products products price, share in
Rs. per kg/ liter consumer’s price
Bengal Gram Splits (dal) 40 56
Soyfortified biscuits
Made by adding 12-15% soyflour to refined
wheat flour and other ingredients.
About 1.8 kg biscuits can be prepared form
one kg refined flour and other ingredients
in suitable proportions.
Protein content of soyfortified biscuits is 11-12% against 7-8% in
commercially available equivalent product.
Soyfortified muffins, bread and buns can also be prepared.
These bakery products have a great potential for combating
protein calorie malnutrition at low cost.
Process for making soyfortified biscuits has been standardized
for adoption at home and industry levels. It consists of creaming,
mixing, sheeting, cutting and baking.
PHT FOR EMPLOYMENT AND INCOME GENERATION-3
Soypaneer (TOFU)
Soymilk is a water extract of soybean and
it is the base material for making
soypaneer, soy-yogurt and other dairy
analogs. One kilogram of dry soybean
yields 6-8 litres of milk. Special features
of soymilk are low cost, good nutrition and suitability of lactose
intolerant people. Soymilk contains about 90% water, 2.5% fat and
3.5 protein, and other nutrients. Soypaneer, popularly known as
TOFU in the orient is a coagulated and pressed soy-protein. At
72% moisture, it contains about 14% protein and 9% fat. The
production cost of soypaneer is Rs. 20-25/kg. Soypaneer is used
in vegetable curry, paneer pakoda and paneer -paratha. Soy-
yogurt is a cultured dairy analog produced by fermenting soymilk.
It is nutritious and easily digestible food.
Cottage Scale
Soy Milk and
Paneer Plant at
CIAE, Bhopal
Training of potential entrepreneurs in soymilk,
soypaneer and soybased other dairy analogs
SUGARCANE (280 Mt)
Conventional Products
Sugar
Jaggery and
Khandsari
Product Diversification
Solid jaggery (cube or bricks)
Liquid jaggery
Granular jaggery
Jaggery chocolate
Sugarcane based
diversified products
for small and micro
enterprises in rural
sector.
Some Women friendly Post
Harvest Tools and Machines - 1
Groundnut decorticator
Some Women friendly Post
Harvest Tools and Machines-2
• Life is energy
• Energy comes from food
• Food comes from agriculture
• Agriculture depends on solar energy
• Solar Energy is natural & renewable
Energy is capacity for activity
(Physiological and Mechanical)
Survival, convenience and comfort of human beings
depend on how best the Solar Energy is captured,
transformed and utilized.
SOLAR ENERGY & AGRICULTURE
•Solar radiation
•Photosynthesis
•Primary agricultural produces
•Processed agricultural products
•Food & Feed for humans & animals
Human & animal are used as Animate Sources of
power for agriculture
Percent contribution of different power sources in
Indian Agriculture (2005-06)
•Agricultural worker 6
•Draught animals 8
•Tractor 47 Total power
•Power tiller 01 = 1.5 kw./ha
•Diesel engine 18
•Electric motors 20
Tractor density in some of the states of India
• Punjab 71.4
• Haryana 60.1
• Uttar Pradesh 28.0 Tractor density in India
• Tamil Nadu 12.3 Highest in Punjab: 72
• Gujarat 12.3 Lowest in Orissa : 01
• Rajasthan 9.8 All India : 13
• West Bengal 1.5
• Orissa 1.3
• All India 13
Farm power availability and average
productivity of Foodgrains in some of the
states of India in 2000-01
•Home Science, Economics & •Food & Fibre utilization, Consumer feed back, cost-
Extension benefits studies, marketing,coordination among all
stakeholders (scientist, industry, farmers, bank,
developmental agencies, impact assessment and TD
PADDY-RICE SYSTEM-1
(For an Identified Production Catchment)
•Designer Foods
•Functional Foods
•Dietary Supplements
(Nutraceuticals)
Food Medicine