SECTIONAL VIEW

The internal of a objects are shown by the dotted (dashed) lines in a orthographic views. The complexity of internal structure of the object will increase the intensity of dashed lines. As the number of dashed lines in the orthographic view goes on increasing the visualization of the shape of the internal structure of the object will become difficult and also it makes the drawing complicated and confusing to interpret. Therefore, the general practice is to draw sectional views for complex objects in place of simple orthographic views. As the name suggests the sectional view is obtained by taking a section of a object along a particular plane. An imaginary cutting plane is used to obtain a section of the object. The part of the object between the observer and the imaginary cutting plane is assumed to be removed and the view of the cut object thus obtained is called sectional view.

Types of Cutting Planes and Their Representation

The cutting plane is represented by a cutting plane line. The cutting plane line indicates the line view of the cutting plane. The line ends are made slightly thicker and provided with arrows. The direction of arrow indicates the direction of viewing the object. The direction of arrow in the first angle projection method of projection is to words XY and in third angle projection the direction of arrow is away from the XY. When more than one cutting planes are to be marked on single object, the cutting planes are marked as A-A, B-B, C-C, etc. The section planes are classified as under:

Vertical Section Plane

A cutting plane parallel to VP is called vertical section plane. It is seen as line in top view and side view. (Fig.1)

Horizontal Section Plane

A cutting plane parallel to HP is called Horizontal section plane. It is seen as line in front view and side view. (Fig.2)

Profile Section Plane

A cutting plane parallel to the profile plane is called profile section plane it will be seen in front view & side view.(Fig.3)

Auxiliary Sections planes

A cutting plane inclined to either HP or VP is called Auxiliary section plane plane.

Auxiliary inclined plane

A plane inclined to HP and perpendicular to vertical plane is called Auxiliary inclined plane(AIP) . (Fig.4) and a plane inclined to VP and perpendicular horizontal plane is called Auxiliary inclined plane (AVP). .(Fig.5)

Oblique Section Plane

A cutting plane inclined to horizontal as well vertical plane is called oblique section plane.

Hatching of the section

A surface created by cutting the object by a section plane is called as section. The section is indicated by drawing the hatching lines (section lines) within the section area. The hatching lines are drawn at 45o to the principal out lines of symmetry of the section. The spacing between section lines should be uniform and is proportion to the size of the section. .(Fig.6)
1/3

Various sectional views

Sectional Front View
When an object is cut by a vertical cutting plane or AVP, the FV obtained is called sectional FV or sectional view. .

Sectional Top View

When an object is cut by a horizontal cutting plane or AIP, the TV obtained is called sectional TV or sectional plan.

Sectional Side View

When an object is cut by a profile cutting plane or AIP or AVP, the SV obtained is called sectional SV or sectional end view. .

Sectional Auxiliary View

A sectional view of an object showing the true shape of the section when it is cut by an auxiliary cutting plane is called sectional auxiliary view.

Sectional Oblique View

A sectional view of an object showing the true shape of the section when it is cut by an oblique cutting plane is called sectional oblique view.

Method of Sectioning
There are different ways of sectioning the object. The sectioning should be made in such a way that all complicated features of the object will be as clear as possible.

Full section
The sectional view obtained after removing the front-half portion of an object through its centre is known as a full section. .(Fig.7)

Half section
The sectional view obtained after removing the front quarter portion by means of two cutting planes at right angles to each is known as half section. .(Fig.8)

Offset section
The sectional view obtained by a cutting plane in a zigzag way so as to reveal the maximum details of the object is known as an offset section. .(Fig.9)

Revolved section
A revolved section is used to show the uniform shape of the object from end to end. .(Fig.10)

Removed section
A removed section is used to show the variable shape of the object from end to end. .(Fig11)

Aligned section
An aligned section is used to show the shape of features that do not align with the vertical and horizontal centerlines of the object. .(Fig.12)

2/3

Ribs and other Standard Parts in section:

When a cutting plane passes longitudinally through the centre of the ribs, spokes or other standard parts, they are not shown sectional because it gives a wrong impression of the thickness or the other details. .(Fig.13) The following points are to be remembered while drawing the sectional view: Sectional view shows the shape of the section and also all the visible edges and contours of the object behind the section plane. To avoid confusion, hidden lines are omitted from sectional views. However, hidden lines are drawn if they are extremely essential to imagine the shape of the object. If a section is taken for one view, it does not affect the other views. The other views are drawn on considering the whole object.

3/3