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PP Chung:
Van dung cong thc:
Q
U
1 Q2
1
1
= Q.U = C.U 2
2 C
2
2
(1)
. o .S
.S
(2)
d
9.10 9 .4. .d
Trong o S la dien tch cua mot ban (la phan oi dien vi ban kia)
oi vi tu ien bien thien th phan oi dien cua hai ban se thay
oi.
Cong thc (2) ch ap dung cho trng hp chat ien moi lap ay
khoang khong gian gia hai ban. Neu lp ien moi ch chiem mot phan
khoang khong gian gia hai ban th can phai phan tch, lap luan mi tnh
c ien dung C cua tu ien.
- Lu y cac ieu kien sau:
+ Noi tu ien vao nguon: U = const.
+ Ngat tu ien khoi nguon: Q = const.
1. Tu ien phang gom hai ban tu co dien tch 0,05 m 2 at cach nhau 0,5
mm, ien dung cua tu la 3 nF. Tnh hang so ien moi cua lp ien moi
gia hai ban tu.
s: 3,4.
2. Mot tu ien khong kh neu c tch ien lng 5,2. 10 -9 C th ien trng
gia hai ban tu la 20000 V/m. Tnh dien tch moi ban tu.
s: 0,03 m2.
3. Mot tu ien phang ien dung 12 pF, ien moi la khong kh. Khoang
cach gia hai ban tu 0,5 cm. Tch ien cho tu ien di hieu ien the 20 V.
Tnh:
a. ien tch cua tu ien.
b. Cng o ien trng trong tu.
s: 24. 10-11C, 4000 V/m.
4. Mot tu ien phang khong kh, ien dung 40 pF, tch ien cho tu ien
hieu ien the 120V.
a. Tnh ien tch cua tu.
b. Sau o thao bo nguon ien roi tang khoang cach gia hai ban tu
len gap oi. Tnh hieu ien the mi gia hai ban tu. Biet rang ien dung
cua tu ien phang t le nghch vi khoang cach gia hai ban cua no.
s: 48. 10-10C, 240 V.
5. Tu ien phang khong kh co ien dung C = 500 pF c tch ien en
hieu ien the 300 V.
a. Tnh ien tch Q cua tu ien.
b. Ngat tu ien khoi nguon roi nhung tu ien vao chat ien moi
long co = 2. Tnh ien dung C 1 , ien tch Q1 va hieu ien the U 1 cua tu
ien luc o.
c. Van noi tu ien vi nguon nhng nhung tu ien vao chat ien
moi long co = 2. Tnh C2 , Q2 , U2 cua tu ien.
s: a/ 150 nC ;
1
tong ien tch cua hai ban o trc khi noi vi nhau bang tong ien tch
cua chung sau khi noi).
C2
C3
C1
C2
C3
C3
C1
C1
C3
(Hnh 1)
(Hnh 4)
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
1:
2:
3:
4:
C1
C1
C1
C1
=
=
=
=
(Hnh 2)
(Hnh 3)
2 F, C2 = 4 F, C3 = 6 F. UAB = 100 V.
1 F, C2 = 1,5 F, C3 = 3 F. UAB = 120 V.
0,25 F, C2 = 1 F, C3 = 3 F. UAB = 12 V.
C2 = 2 F, C3 = 1 F, UAB = 10 V.
C1
C3
C1
C3
C4
s: UAB = - 100V.
C5
7. Cho mach ien nh hnh ve:
C1 = C2 = C3 = C4 =C5 = 1 F, U = 15 V.
C1
C2
Tnh ien dung cua bo tu, ien tch va hieu ien the cua moi tu khi:
C5
a. K h.
b. K ong.
C3
C4
8. Cho bo tu ien nh hnh ve.
C2
C2 = 2 C1, UAB = 16 V. Tnh UMB.
C1
C1
s: 4 V.
C2
C1
Hnh B.
s:
a/ CA =
4
CB.
3
C1 .C 2
b/ C 4 =
C1 + C 2
C1
C1
C2
C3
C1
C2
C3
C2
C3
c) C1=0,25 F ; C2=1
F C3=3 F ; U= 12V
/S: C=1 F ;U1=12V;U2=9V
U3= 3V
Q1=3.10-6 C; Q2=Q3= 910-6 C
Bi11:: Hai t in khng kh phng c in dung l C1= 0,2 F v C2= 0,4 F mc song song. B c tch
in n hiu in th U=450V ri ngt khi ngun. Sau lp y khong gia hai bn t in C2 bng
in mi c hng s in mi l 2. Tnh in th ca b t v in tch ca mi t
/S: 270V; 5,4.10-5 C v 2,16. 10-5 C
Bi12: Hai t in phng c C1= 2C2,mc ni tip vo ngun U khng i. Cng in trng trong C1
thay i bao nhiu ln nu nhng C2 vo cht in mi c = 2 .
/S: Tng 1,5 ln
Bi 13: Ba tm kim loi phng ging nhau t song song vi nhau nh hnh v:
Din tch ca mi bn l S= 100cm2, Khong cch gia hai bn lin tip l d= 0,5cm
B
Ni A v B vi ngun U= 100V
a) Tnh in dung ca b t v in tch ca mi bn
b) Ngt A v B ra khi ngun in. Dch chuyn bn B theo
phng vung gc vi cc bn t in mt on l x.
A
Tnh hiu in th gia A v B theo x. p dng khi x= d/2
/s: a) 3,54.10-11 F; 1,77.10-9 C v 3,54.10-9 C
d 2 x2
b) U ' = U .
; 75V
d2
Bi 14: Bn tm kim loi phng ging nhau nh hnh v.
A
Khong cch BD= 2AB=2DE. B v D c ni vi ngun
in U=12V, sau ngt ngun i. Tm hiu in th gia
B
B v D nu sau :
D
a) Ni A vi B
b) Khng ni A vi B nhng lp y khong gia B v D
C
bng in mi = 3
/S a) 8V
b) 6V
Bi 15: T in phng khng kh C=2pF. Nhng chm mt
na vo trong in mi lng = 3 . Tm in dung ca t in nu khi nhng, cc bn t :
a) Thng ng
b) Nm ngang
/S
a) 4pF
b)3pF
Cho b t in mc nh hnh v bn:
Chng minh rng nu c:
C1 C 3
C1 C 2
=
=
Hoc
C2 C4
C3 C 4
C1
A
C2
B
5
C3
C4
Bi 16
Mt t in phng c in dung C0. Tm in dung ca
t in khi a vo bn trong t mt tm in mi c
hng s in mi , c din tch i din bng mt na
din tch mt tm, c chiu dy bng mt phn ba
khong cch hai tm t, c b rng bng b rng tm t,
trong hai trng hp sau:
T C CHA NGUN
1. Cho mch nh hnh v. Bit C1=2F, C2=10F, C3=5F; U1=18V, U2=10V. Tnh in tch v HT
trn mi t?
C1
M
C2
C3
+ U 1N - U2 +
2.Cho mach nh hnh v. Bit U1=12V, U2=24V; C1=1F, C2=3F. Lc u kho K m.
a/ Tnh in tch v HT trn mi t?
b/ Kho K ng li. Tnh in lng qua kho K
C1
M
C2
K
+ U 1- N + U2
3. Cho mch nh hnh v: Bit C1=1F, C2=3F, C3=4F, C4=2; U=24V.
a/ Tnh in tch cc t khi K m?
b/Tm in lng qua kho K khi K ng.
C1
M
C2
A
C4
+
-
C5
C3
C2
C
1
C2
C2
A
B
C3
C1
C1
C1
C4
dung ca b
+U
T XOAY:
Bi 1:T xoay gm n tm hnh bn nguyt ng knh D=12cm, khong cch gia hai tm lin tip
d=0,5mm. Phn i din gia hai bn c nh v bn di chuyn c dng hnh qut vi gc tm l
00<<1800.
a.Bit in dung cc i ca t l 1500nF.n=?
(n=16 bn)
0
b.T ni vi hdt U=500V v v tr gc =120 .Tnh in tch ca t? (Q=5.10-7C)
c.Sau ngt t v iu chnh . Xc nh c s phng in gia hai bn. Bit
Egh=3.106 V/m(<400)
Bi 2:T xoay c Cmax=490pF v in dung cc tiu Cmin=10pF ng 200 c to bi n=10 l kim
loi hnh bn nguyt gn vo trc chung i qua tm ng trn v lt vo gia 11 l c nh c cng
kch thc.
a.in mi l khng kh, d gia 1 bn c nh v bn gn n nht l 0,5mm.Hy tnh R mi bn?
b.Tnh in dung ca t xoay khi cho cc l chuyn ng quay mt gc k t v tr ng gi tr cc
i CM?
c.t C v tr ng gi tr cc i CM v t hiu in th U=60V vo hai cc b t. Sau b
ngun i v xoay cc l chuyn ng mt gc . Xc nh hiu in th ca t theo , xt trng hp
=600?
..
MCH CU
* Mch cu t in cn bng :
- Khi mc vo mch in, nu Q5 = 0 hay VM=VN( U5 = 0 )
7
C1 C 3
=
C2 C4
C1 C 3
=
th Q5 = 0 ( hoc U5 = 0 , VM = VN )
C2 C4
Bi 1:
C1
C2
C1 C 2
=
C3 C 4
Hoc
NK
C3
C4
Bi 2:
: Cho mch t nh hnh, bit: C1 = 6 F, C2 =4 F,
C3 = 8 F, C4 = 6 F, C5 = 2 F. Hy tnh in dung ca b
Bi 3: Cho mch t nh hnh, bit: C1 = 6 F, C2 =4 F, C3 = 8
F, C4 = 5 F, C5 = 2 F. Hy tnh in dung ca b
Bi4:
dung
:
ca
hiu
in
th
hai
Tnh in
mi
bn
t?
..
DNG III:GHP T CHA IN TCH
Bi 1: em tch in cho t in C 1 = 3 F n hiu in th U1 = 300V, cho t in C2 = 2 F n
hiu in th U2 = 220V ri:
a) Ni cc tm tch in cng du vi nhau
b) Ni cc tm tch in khc du vi nhau
8
(W=10-3J)
b. Ngt t ra khi ngun in. Tnh bin thin nng lng ca t khi dch hai bn gn li
cn cch nhau d2 = 1cm. (W=0,8.10-3J)
Bi 3: T phng c S = 200cm2, in mi l bn thy tinh dy d = 1nn, = 5, tch in di hiu
in th U = 300V. Rt bn thy tinh khi t. Tnh bin thin nng lng ca t v cng cn thc
hin. Cng ny dng lm g? Xt trong cc trng hp:
a. T c ngt khi ngun. (1,593.10-4J)
b. T vn ni vi ngun.
(3,18.10-5J)
Bi 4: Hai t in phng khng kh ging nhau c in dung C mc song song v c tch n hiu
in th U ri ngt khi ngun. Hai bn ca mt t c nh, cn hai bn ca t kia c th chuyn
ng t do.Tm vn tc ca cc bn t do ti thi im m khong cch gia chng gim i mt na.
Bit khi lng ca mi bn t l M, b qua tc dng ca trng lc.
S: v = U
C
3M
10