Académique Documents
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Fauziah Zen
Regional Cooperation
Financing Non financing ASEAN Subset cooperation ASEAN+ scope Recently emphasizing on PPP
Direction?
Despite intersectional events, still lacking efforts to following up and putting pieces of works into synergy. Different interests of countries resulted in different pace of countrys advancement. Different stages of development: different perceptions, priorities, and actions. Champion of Connectivity in ASEAN?
Challenges
Why does the infrastructure progress face bottleneck?
Financing
Challenges
Sovereign including loans, should comply with fiscal discipline. Private finance only follows business rule: profit-seeking with manageable risks. Aid: limited effect.
Financing Problem?
YES. But its not on the lack of supply per se. Instead there are quite abundant potential financial resources that can be utilized. More serious issues are:
regulatory framework, legal certainty, appropriate incentives. poor preparation, lacking competent human resources, low fund allocated for Project Development Facility (PDF), lacking communication to international community.
BAD Precedence
Project Implementation
Failures
Awarded
Tender
Market bias
Selection
Challenges
PPP or Private Financing requirements:
Good project (must be well-prepared). Good preparation that requires capacity and money. Building the capacity needs time, consistency, persistency, money.
Problems:
Lacking allocated fund for project preparation. Lacking champion and leadership.
Project
Project Implementation
Successful Failures Execution
Awarded
Tender
Transparent Market bias&
Selection
sound promotion
Regulatory Framework
fauziah.zen@eria.org