4th Semester

Fluid Mechanics and Machinery Lab

Department of Mechanical Engineering

KCG College of Technology

4th Semester

Fluid Mechanics and Machinery Lab

Exp no: Date:

ROTAMETER
AIM: To calibrate the given Rotameter and plot the necessary graph. APPARATUS REQUIRED: Ratameter, stopwatch, scale, thread etc DESCRIPTION: This apparatus is designed to calibrate the rotameter.it consists of motor rotameter; collecting tank etc.rotameter is a discharge-measuring device. A float is used to restrict the flow of water. Its cross section is designed in such a way that the required quantity of water in the tube. PROCEDURE: 1. Open the control valve and allow the water to flow in the tube. 2. Adjust the control valve, till the flow reaches the required level. Wait till the flow is steady. 3. Note the time to raise the water level in the collecting tank by 2cm. 4. Measure the dimension of the collecting tank. 5. Repeat the procedure by varying the control valve.

Department of Mechanical Engineering

KCG College of Technology

4th Semester

Fluid Mechanics and Machinery Lab

TABULATION: S.no: Time for 2cm rise Actual reading in LPM Rotameter reading in LPM Error Qa-Qr %Error Qa-Qr Qa

MODEL CALCULATION: Circumference of the collecting tank Volume of the water collected Height h Actual discharge Error %error = = = = volume of water collected Time for 2cm rise m3/sec

= Qa-Qr = Qa-Qr % Qa

CALCULATION:

Department of Mechanical Engineering

KCG College of Technology

4th Semester

Fluid Mechanics and Machinery Lab

RESULT: The given Rotameter was calibrated and graph was drawn between Rotameter reading and percentage error.

Department of Mechanical Engineering

KCG College of Technology

4th Semester

Fluid Mechanics and Machinery Lab

Exp no: Date:

Department of Mechanical Engineering KCG College of Technology

4th Semester

Fluid Mechanics and Machinery Lab

PERFORMANCE STUDY OF RECIPROCATING PUMP

AIM: 1. To measure and represent graphically head, power and efficiency flow rate of the reciprocating pump set up at constant speed 2. To represent the performance characteristics curves of a reciprocating pump. APPARATUS REQUIRED: Reciprocating pump, Meter scale, Stopwatch, Driving unit. THEORY: A reciprocating pump is a positive displacement pump in which the liquid is sucked and then it is pushed or displaced due to the thrust exerted on it by a moving member. The discharge of this pump is wholly depends on the speed of the pump. this pump essentially consist of a piston or plunger which moves to and fro in a closed cylinder .this cylinder is connected to suction and delivery pipes, each of which is provide with a non return valve or one way valve called suction valve and delivery valve. the function of this valve is to allow the liquid to pass through the pipe in only one direction. the piston is connected to crank by means of connecting rod. As the crank rotates by means of an engine, the piston moves to and fro inside the cylinder. When the crank rotates from 0 to 180, the piston moves from left position to right position ,because of this, a partial vacuum is created in the cyclinder,which enables the atmospheric pressure acting on the liquid surface in the sump or well, to force the liquid up through the suction pipe and fills the cylinder. This stroke is called suction stroke. Then the crank rotates from 180to 360, which makes the piston to move right position to left. During this movement the piston increase the pressure of the liquid inside the cylinder greater than atmospheric pressure, because of this suction valve closes and delivery valve opens and forces the liquid to pass through the delivery pipe to required height. This stroke is called delivery stroke. the cycle repeats as the crank rotates. PROCEDURE: a) The internal dimensions of the collecting tank and difference in levels between the pressure gauges are measured. b) Speed of the pump and energy meter constant are noted. OBERSERVATION:
Department of Mechanical Engineering KCG College of Technology

4th Semester

Fluid Mechanics and Machinery Lab

1) energy meter constant (E) = 2) length of collecting tank (L) = 3) width of collecting tank (b) = 4) perpendicular distance between gauges (X) = MODEL CALCULATION: 1) Q =Ah/T = 2) H =P*10+V*13.6/1000+X = 3) I/P =(3600*N)/(E*T) = 4) O/P =WQH/1000 = 5) =(O/P)/(I/P)*100 = CALCULATION:

c) Close the delivery valve, prime the pump if necessary, and switch on the power to start the motor. d) The flow rate can now be increased by gradually opening the gate valve. at any valve setting note the following reading (a) pressure and suction gauge reading
Department of Mechanical Engineering KCG College of Technology

4th Semester

Fluid Mechanics and Machinery Lab

(b) time taken for 10 revolutions of energy meter disc (c) Time taken for 10cm rise of the water level in collecting tank. e) The above experiments are made for six sets of reading at different gate valve setting from fully closed to fully opened position. f) The efficiency of the pump is found out by the formula and required graphs are made. FORMULA USED: 1) Q =Ah/t Q is the discharge rate in m3/sec. A is the cross sectional area of collecting tank in m2. h is rise of water in collecting tank in m. t is time taken for h cm rise in collecting tank in seconds. 2) H =P*10+V*13.6/1000+X H is the total head in m P is the pressure gauge reading in kg/cm2 V is the vacuum gauge reading in mm-Hg X is the perpendicular distance between the gauges in m 3) I/P = (3600*N)/ (E*T) I/P is input power in KW. N is number of revolutions in energy meter. E is Energy meter values in rev/Kwh. T is the time taken for n revolutions in energy meter. 4) O/P =wQH/1000 O/P is output power in KW W is the specific weight of water in N/m3 Q is discharge rate in m3/s H is the total head in m 5) = (O/P)/ (I/P)*100 is efficiency of pump in % O/P and I/P is output and input power in KW

Department of Mechanical Engineering

KCG College of Technology

4th Semester

Fluid Mechanics and Machinery Lab

TABULATION: Area of collecting tank: Time taken for n revolutions in energy meter disc (T) sec Energy meter constant: Time taken for hcm Discharge rise in (Q) collecting tank (t) sec m3/s

Pressure gauge Vacuum gauge reading Total reading/suction head(H) s.no: /Delivery pressure(v) pressure (p) Kg/cm2 mm-Hg m

Input power (I/P) KW

Output power (O/P) KW

Efficiency %

Average =

Department of Mechanical Engineering

KCG College of Technology

4th Semester

Fluid Mechanics and Machinery Lab

GRAPH: On a graph sheet plot flow rate on X-axis and head, power and efficiency on Y-axis and form a smooth curve. RESULT: Corresponding to the maximum efficiency the best driving condition of pump are obtained (1) Discharge (2) Head (3) Power output (4) Power input (5) Efficiency = = = = =

Department of Mechanical Engineering

KCG College of Technology

4th Semester

Fluid Mechanics and Machinery Lab

GEAR PUMP

Department of Mechanical Engineering

KCG College of Technology

4th Semester

Fluid Mechanics and Machinery Lab

Exp no: Date:

GEAR PUMP
AIM: To draw the performance characteristics curves of a gear pump. APPARATUS REQUIRED: Gear pump, stopwatch, and steel rule. THEORY: Gear pump is a positive displacement pump which utilizes the meshing of two gears to pressurize the fluid. They are one of the most common types of pumps for hydraulic fluid power applications and are also widely used to pump highly viscous fluids. As the gears rotate they separate on the intake side of the pump, creating a void and suction which is filled by fluid. The fluid is carried by the gears to The discharge side of the pump, where the meshing of the gears displace the fluid. The mechanical clearances are on the order of micrometers. The tight clearances, along with the speed of rotation, effectively prevent the fluid from leaking backwards. The rigid design of the gears and housing allow for very high pressures and the ability to pump highly viscous fluids. PROCEDURE: 1. The internal dimensions of the collecting tank and difference in levels between the pressure gauges are measured. 2. Speed of the pump and energy meter constant are noted. 3. Close the delivery valve, prime the pump if necessary, and switch on the power to start the motor. 4. The flow rate can now be increased by gradually opening the gate valve. at any valve setting note the following reading a) pressure gauge reading b) time taken for 10 revolutions of energy meter disc c) Time taken for 10cm rise of the oil level in collecting tank. 5. The above experiments are made for six sets of reading at different gate valve setting from fully closed to fully opened position. 6. The efficiency of the pump is found out by the formula and required graphs are made.

Department of Mechanical Engineering

KCG College of Technology

4th Semester

Fluid Mechanics and Machinery Lab

OBERSERVATION: 1) energy meter constant (E) 2) length of collecting tank (L) 3) width of collecting tank (b) = = =

4) perpendicular distance between gauges (X) = MODEL CALCULATION: 1) Q =Ah/T 2) H =P*10/S+V*13.6/1000*S+X 3) I/P =(3600*N)/(E*T) 4) O/P =WQH/1000 5) =(O/P)/(I/P)*100 CALCULATION: = = = = =

FORMULA USED: 2) Q =Ah/t Q is the discharge rate in m3/sec.

Department of Mechanical Engineering KCG College of Technology

4th Semester

Fluid Mechanics and Machinery Lab

A is the cross sectional area of collecting tank in m2. h is rise of water in collecting tank in m. t is time taken for h cm rise in collecting tank in seconds. 2) H = P*10/S+V*13.6/1000*S+X H is the total head in m P is the pressure gauge reading in kg/cm2 V is the vacuum gauge reading in mm-Hg X is the perpendicular distance between the gauges in m S is the specific gravity of oil 3) I/P = (3600*N)/ (E*T) I/P is input power in KW. N is number of revolutions in energy meter. E is Energy meter values in rev/Kwh. T is the time taken for n revolutions in energy meter. 4) O/P =wQH/1000 O/P is output power in KW W is the specific weight of water in N/m3 Q is discharge rate in m3/s H is the total head in m 5) = (O/P)/ (I/P)*100 is efficiency of pump in % O/P and I/P is output and input power in KW

Department of Mechanical Engineering

KCG College of Technology

4th Semester

Fluid Mechanics and Machinery Lab

TABULATION: Area of collecting tank: Time taken for n revolutions in energy meter disc (T) sec Energy meter constant: Time taken for hcm Discharge rise in (Q) collecting tank (t) sec m3/s

Pressure gauge Vacuum gauge reading Total reading/suction head(H) s.no: /Delivery pressure(v) pressure (p) Kg/cm2 mm-Hg m

Input power (I/P) KW

Output power (O/P) KW

Efficiency %

Average =

Department of Mechanical Engineering

KCG College of Technology

4th Semester

Fluid Mechanics and Machinery Lab

GRAPH: On a graph sheet plot flow rate on X-axis and head, power and efficiency on Y-axis and form a smooth curve. RESULT: Corresponding to the maximum efficiency the best driving condition of pump are obtained (1) Discharge (2) Head (3) Power output (4) Power input (5) Efficiency = = = = =

Department of Mechanical Engineering

KCG College of Technology